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4. Current Programs
Pages 57-84

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From page 57...
... · Within the discipline of nutrition, what subject areas are taught? How adequate are current nutrition teaching materi · What methods are used to assess the nutrition knowledge of medical students?
From page 58...
... requested comments from the American Medical Student Association and reviewed previous reports of medi cal student opinion; (6) evaluated and reviewed questions relating to nutrition on three recent National Board examinations; and (7)
From page 59...
... If you do not have a separate nutrition course, is nutrit ion incorp orated into s ome o ther course? Do you have nutrition courses, identif fed as such, that can be taken as electives?
From page 60...
... medical schools, the committee designed its own survey in an attempt to overcome these shortcomings. The committee first identified a faculty member with responsibility for teaching nutrition who could respond to the questions.
From page 61...
... Only one faculty member was unable to identify any portion of the curriculum devoted to nutrition; however, he indicated that a nutrition course was planned for the future. In all, 39 schools furnished sufficient information in the fore of course outlines or detailed descriptions of nutrition topics either on the questionnaire or derring
From page 62...
... In several cases, the committee subsequently obtained detailed outlines of required nutrition courses from schools that initially reported that the subject was not taught e This discrepancy reveals that reliable information about curricula may not be available from administrative offices in many medical schools. According to information obtained from course outlines, detailed responses to the questionnaires, or telephone interviews with faculty at the 39 schools that provided reliable information, the average total required number of identified nutrition hours is 21 (range, 3 to 56 hours)
From page 63...
... of All U.S. medical schools as offering nutrition as a separate course.
From page 64...
... All schools reported teaching something about obesity, but only 15% of them provide their students with information about the nutritional aspects of preventing dental disease -- one of the most dramatic disease prevention successes in recent years in the United States (DHHS, 1981a; Glass, 1982~. NUTRITION EDUCATION PROGRAMS AT SELECTED MEDICAL SCHOOLS In addition to information obtained from the general survey, the committee gathered more detailed information regarding program development and implementation by inviting speakers from selected institutions to discuss their nutrition programs and by extensive telephone interviews based on Questionnaire Part II (Appendix D)
From page 65...
... .: ~ ~ .: :: :: : :::::: :: ~ ..... , 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 00 PERCENTAGE OF SCHOOLS TEACHING TOPIC UNDERNUTRITION R E CO M M E N D E D D A I LY A L LOWA N C ES PROTEIN METABOLISM CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM LIPID METABOLISM VITAMIN D CALCIUM I RON VlTAMiN B-12 VITAMIN A TRACE MINERALS NUTR I ENT-DRUG I NTERACTI ON PREGNANCY AND LACTATION INFANT NUTRITION ADOLESCENCE AGING NUTR ITI ONAL ASSESSM ENT PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE HYPERTENSION RENAL DISEASE GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE LIVER DISEASE/ALCOHOLISM ALLERGY CANCER DIABETES SURGERY/STR ESS/BURNS DENTAL CARIES PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION IMMUNE RESPONSE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM CULTURAL VARIATIONS PRUDENT DIET VEGETARIANISM FOOD FADDISM MEGAVITAMINS Figure 4-2.
From page 66...
... For example, schools in the New York-New Jersey metropolitan area noted this shortage and, as a result, established the New York-New Jersey Regional Center for Nutrition Education at the New York Academy of Medicine. This center serves as a resource planning and evaluation agency for faculty in 10 medical schools and other allied healthprofession institutions (DHHS, 1983; Shils, 1984~.
From page 67...
... Using the NNTIB as a test question resource, the SERMEN participants developed and administered an examination to senior level medical students at the 11 participating schools to assess their nutritional knowledge as ob jectively as possible. Preliminary results indicate that student Performance varies significantly ~ between schools and among topics within the same school (Weinsier et al., 1985~.
From page 68...
... .\ few medical schools have collaborated in the development of video tapes designed to teach nutrition to medical students.
From page 69...
... Furthermore schools lacking an established emphasis on preventive approaches to health may be more resistant to implementing nutrition programs (Robson_ al., 1979) since nutrition plays an prominent role in preventive medicine.
From page 70...
... These data indicate that more than 60% of the medical students surveyed perceive that nutrition and preventive care receive inadequate attention. In contrast, they generally believe that the basic medical sciences and care of the elderly receive adequate instruction.
From page 71...
... To examine more broadly the student perspective on nutrition in medical education, the committee solicited the views of the American Medical Student Association (AMSA)
From page 72...
... medical schools, some schools have nevertheless used the subject distribution of National Board examination questions as one of several criteria for rearranging their medical cur ricula. Furthermore, many schools use NBME scores to assist in student evaluation and as criteria for graduation (AAMC, 1984a)
From page 73...
... Interestingly, many of the topics not included on the examinations were among those identified by the SERMEN Program as extremely important for medical students (Weinsier _ al., 1985~. FUNDING OF NUTRITION RESEARCH AND RESEARCH TRAINING The National Institutes of Health (NIH)
From page 74...
... For example, the AMA and the American Society for Clinical Nutrition offer some support for research projects for a limited number of undergraduate medical students. Organizations such as the Nutrition Foundation and the National Dairy Council provide research and training support at the postgraduate level.
From page 75...
... medical schools. In the committee's judgment, faculty responsibility for nutrition teaching is not clearly defined and depends on the individual school and the individual faculty person who teaches the course.
From page 76...
... 75 TABLE 4-3 National Institutes of Health (NIH) Expenditures for Biomedical and Behavioral Nutrition Research and Training, Fiscal Years 1978-1983a Number of Expenditures and Dollar Cost (in thousands)
From page 77...
... 77 Fiscal Year 1981 Cost, Number dollars Fiscal Year 1982 Fiscal Year 1983 Cost, Cost, Number dollars Number dollars 1,30273,4511,318 77,3781,35587,370 7915,95983 16,4998319,243 17116,425148 8,18810812,957 9312,06766 12,2446612 ,477 26013,136262 14,86427415,551 161, 31915 1, 243159 55 304b3 ,708345b 2 ,83457b1,183 34982 58b 1, 361 73b 2,305 641,560601,960411b 3,447 2 ,323138, 6082 ,355136, 5712 ,442 155, 488 959,193857,36491 8,134 25b70024b44947 684 1209,8931097,813138 8,818 _.433148.5002.404144 3842,442 164.306__ ___ __ _____ tin fiscal year 1980 the New, Young, and Special Investigator Awards were combined under the new title, New Investigator Research Awards.
From page 78...
... · Schools that successfully integrate nutrition into their curriculum can be characterized as having: -- strong faculty leadership from those members who are willing to devote time to develop a nutrition education program; -- a physician who demonstrates the application of nutrition principles to clinical practice; -- an identifiable, discrete nutrition course or an identifiable block of nutrition hours within the curriculum; and -- a strong research component that is effective, creative, and related to clinical nutrition, and that contributes to the visibility and credibility of nutrition as a science. ~ Medical school faculty currently believe that the restricted curricular time available is the most serious limitation to the incorporation of nutrition in U.S.
From page 79...
... 1981. Evaluation of a nutrition education program for medical students.
From page 80...
... 1982. Program in Biomedical and Behavioral Nutrition Research and Training; Fiscal Year 1981.
From page 81...
... Joint Subcommittee on Human Nutrition Research of the Committee on Health and Medicine and the Committee on Food and Renewable Resources. Federal Coordinating Council on Science, Engineering, and Technology, Office of Science and Technology Policy, Executive Office of the President.
From page 82...
... 1983. FederallySupported Human Nutrition Research Units: Selected Papers from the First Annual Conference, December 16-17, 1982.
From page 83...
... 1985. Nutrition knowledge of medical students: A collaborative study of Southeastern medical schools.


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