Industrial Research and Innovation Indicators Report of a Workshop (1997) / Chapter Skim
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4 Need for a Conceptual Framework
4 Need for a Conceptual Framework
Pages 13-17
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From page 13... ...
Accordingly, many participants in the workshop called for more work on developing a conceptual framework of the innovation process to guide data collection activities and to provide a base for analysis of the data. The specific policy-making needs for information on industrial innovation summarized in the previous examples provide partial but not sufficient guidance for the National Science Foundation and other programs responsible for national statistics on innovation.
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From page 14... ...
. Changes in the organizational structure of R&D and innovation, including greater corporate reliance on external sources of technology and collaborative arrangements with public and private institutions domestic and foreign; Changes in the location of R&D and innovation, including domestic regional clustering of technology-intensive enterprises and increased foreign direct investment in and out of the United States; and innovation across manufacturing and service industries in information technology that is developed largely but not exclusively outside the user industries and is often supplied by intermediaries such as systems integration and consulting firms.
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From page 15... ...
Another categorization of the components of innovation was offered by Bill Long, president of Business Performance Research Associates, Inc., who identified technology production inputs as including not only tangible capital equipment and scientists and engineers but also factors influencing the research methods employed, such as the impact of computer technology on DNA sequencing and Internet communications. Although much analysis of the inputs to innovation focuses on R&D expenditures, it was frequently remarked at the workshop that this is only one of the
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From page 16... ...
Outcomes (Impacts) Person-years, equipment-years Ideas, discoveries Inventions Human capital Broad advance of human knowledge New products Productivity improvements Income growth Expenditures Papers, prizes Patents, invention disclosures Degrees awarded Papers, citations, expert evaluations Patents, citations, innovation counts, new product sales Measured productivity growth Benefit/cost ratio or rate-of-return estimates Source: Presentation by Adam Jaffe, Brandeis University factors contributing to the innovative effort.
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From page 17... ...
Wesley Cohen, professor of economics and social sciences at Carnegie Mellon University, remarked that because our understanding of innovation is incomplete and is itself changing, data collection efforts should try to incorporate new information that could contribute to the development of a conceptual framework of innovation. For example, statistical agencies should systematically identify and probe through pilot surveys new phenomena that anecdotal evidence suggests are important.
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