Hormonally Active Agents in the Environment (1999) / Chapter Skim
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8 HAAs and Carcinogenesis in Animals
8 HAAs and Carcinogenesis in Animals
Pages 210-242
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From page 210... ...
This chapter reviews and evaluates data from animal studies relating environmental HAAs to cancers of the female and male reproductive systems and endocrine organs. The committee limited its review to cancer sites that are known from ancillary data to have some hormonal dependence and where activity should be most evident.
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From page 211... ...
Overall, there was no evidence that either aldrin or dieldrin induced tumors of the endometrium/uterus, ovaries, testicles, prostate gland, mammary gland, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, or adrenal glands. Bisphenol A Bisphenol A was tested for carcinogenicity in Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F~ mice (NTP 1982b)
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From page 212... ...
Tests were conducted only on adult animals. There was no evidence that chlordecone increased the incidence of tumors of the endometrium/ uterus, ovaries, testicles, prostate gland, mammary gland, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, or adrenal glands compared with controls.
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From page 234... ...
There was no evidence in either species that DDE caused an increase in the incidence in tumors of the endometrium/uterus, ovaries, testicles, prostate gland, mammary gland, thyroid gland, or adrenal glands. An increased incidence of pituitary tumors was observed in rats of the low- and high-dose groups compared with control rats, but the effect was not dose related.
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From page 235... ...
There was no evidence that endosulfan induced tumors of the endometrium/uterus, ovaries, testicles, prostate gland, mammary gland, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, or adrenal glands, but endosulfan was toxic to male rats and mice. Endrin Bioassays of endrin were conducted with Osborne-Mendel rats (Deichmann et al.
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From page 236... ...
There was no evidence in any of the studies that PCBs induced tumors of the endometrium/uterus, ovaries, testicles, prostate gland, mammary gland, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, or adrenal glands. However, there is some evidence that PCBs induce cancers of the liver, which led IARC to classify it as probably carcinogenic to humans (IARC 1987~.
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From page 237... ...
There was no evidence that adult exposure to TCDD caused tumors of the endometrium/uterus, ovaries, testicles, prostate gland, mammary gland, pituitary gland, or adrenal glands. In fact, a significant decrease in pituitary and adrenal gland tumors was observed in Sprague-Dawley rats (Kociba et al.
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From page 238... ...
There was no evidence that toxaphene induced tumors of the endometrium/ uterus, ovaries, testicles, prostate gland, mammary gland, pituitary gland, or adrenal glands. However, there is some evidence that toxaphene might induce cancers of the liver, as well as the thyroid gland, which led IARC to classify it as possibly carcinogenic to humans (IARC 1987~.
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From page 239... ...
For example, it has been shown that reducing calorie intake increases survival, decreases the incidence of spontaneous tumors, and might alter susceptibility to chemical carcinogens in laboratory animals (NRC 1996a)
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From page 240... ...
reviewed an EPA analysis of combined perinatal and adult exposure, perinatal only exposure, and adult only exposure carcinogenesis bioassays to determine if the age of initial exposure to a chemical influences the carcinogenic response (EPA 1997~. In the analysts, 69 carcinogenesis bioassays were reviewed.
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From page 241... ...
Reuber concluded that methoxychlor increased the incidence of mammary, ovarian, testicular, pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal gland tumors, that endosulfan increased the incidence of all tumors of the female genital tract, and lindane increased the incidence of ovarian, pituitary, thyroid and adrenal gland tumors, and that chlordecone increased the incidence of pituitary tumors. Because Reuber (1978b, 1979, 1980, 1981)
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From page 242... ...
RECOMMENDATIONS Because perinatal exposure for the most part has not been addressed with respect to carcinogenesis, research in laboratory animals is needed on the role of prenatal exposure to suspected chemicals in inducing cancers later in life or in subsequent generations. Initial studies should focus on HAAs that have been shown to induce cancer of the thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands in some laboratory animals.
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