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From page 415... ... , 225, 228, 229, 231, 232, 234, 236, 237, 238, 241 oc-fetoprotein, 95, 114-115 Age factors, 69, 128, 129, 240-241, 414 breast cancer, 104, 245, 249, 263 breast milk, 90 dose-response assessment, 114, 115, 120 prostate cancer, 269 testicular cancer, 266, 268 see also Infants and children Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 72, 179 Agent Orange, 137, 138 Agricultural exposures, 138-139, 154, 206 free range farm animals, 170 see also Herbicides; Pesticides; specific herbicides and pesticides Agricultural Market Survey, 74 Air pollution and monitoring, 60-61, 68, 70, 71-72, 74, 206 Aldrin, 6, 75, 90, 153, 186, 198, 211, 213-216 415 Alkylphenols, 34, 57, 58, 61-62, 77-78, 80, 128, 147-148 nonylphenols, 62, 63, 68, 77-78, 85, 101, 148 Alligators, 5, 7, 155-158, 290-292 Amphibian studies, 153- 155, 307 Androgens, 12, 32, 50, 69, 109, 110, 120, 124, 157-158, 243, 297, 411 see also Antiandrogens; Testosterone Angiogenesis, 108 Animal studies, 31, 273, 310 bisphenol A, 126-128, 139 breast milk, 86, 87, 90 butyl benzyl phthalate, 129 carcinogenic effects, 5, 6, 7, 12, 107-108, 111, 115, 210-242 chlordecone, 123, 212 DBP, 129-131 DDE, 45, 121-122, 211, 220, 234, 241, 242 DDT, 6, 23, 121-122, 211, 221-224, 234 235, 241, 242 DES, 12, 111, 115, 119, 129, 157, 399 developmental and reproductive effects, 4, 18, 52, 96, 119-131 (passim) , 139 140, 167-168, 169, 294 dose-response assessment, 109- 110, 111 112, 113, 114-115 enzyme metabolism, 101, 105, 106 estrogens, general, 210, 235 extrapolation between species, 23-24, 52 53, 108-110, 117 Read the entire page →
From page 416... ... 270, 406 see also Cognitive effects; Learning effects; Locomotor effects Belgium, 144, 145 Benzo[a] pyrene, 58, 85, 87 Bioaccumulation, see Food transfer and bioaccumulation Bioassays, 6, 9, 31, 33-38, 41-43, 71, 73, 95, 112, 117, 154, 196, 211-243, 296306, 309, 310, 412, 413 standardized, 299, 302, 412, 413, 414 Biologic markers, general, 7, 9, 42, 66, 79, 99, 110, 195, 207, 249, 273, 297, 306 308, 310, 413 Biomagnification, 158, 278, 279, 282, 293 Biphenyls, 34, 35, 44 Bird studies, 5, 7, 10, 21 concentrations of HAAs, 64, 65, 80 developmental and reproductive effects, 149, 158, 160-166, 168, 169, 285289 dose-response assessment, 113 immunologic effects, 196, 207 Birth weight, 3-4, 133, 134-135, 168, 180 Bisphenol A, 38-39, 57, 68, 76-77, 80, 101, 120, 126-128, 211-212, 216-217 BKD, see Bacterial kidney disease Blacks breast cancer, 249, 250, 256 prostate cancer, 269, 270, 271-272 testicular cancer, 266, 267, 268, 272-273 Blastocysts, 105, 106 Bleached paper mill effluent, 152-153 Blood, 7, 9, 38, 116, 182, 207, 272, 273 breast cancer studies, 246, 249, 256, 259, 263 chlordecone, 137 dosimetry, general, 83, 85, 91, 92-96, 97, 273 endometrial cancer, 263 PCBs, 45, 72, 133, 175, 182, 246, 249, 256, 259, 263, 268, 272 ~, 170, Read the entire page →
From page 417... ... , 242, 244-263, 265-266, 272, 300, 400 age factors, 104, 245, 249, 263 blood measurements, 246, 249, 256, 259, 263 body weight, 245, 249-250 case-control studies, 246-258 ecologic studies, 262-263 Europe, 245, 250 occupational studies, 246, 258-261, 264 racial/ethnic factors, 245, 249, 250, 256, 263 regional factors, 245, 256 screening, 244-263 Breast milk, 6, 38, 71, 72, 73 carcinogenic effects, 268 developmental and reproductive effects, 128, 130, 131, 134-135, 136 dosimetry, 86, 87-91, 100, 111, 114 immunologic effects, 195-196 necrologic effects, 173, 175, 180, 182 p-sitosterol, 5, 38, 85 Butyl benzyl phthalate, 129, 211, 212, 217-218 C Canada, 140, 194 Inuits, 68, 72, 80, 195-196 417 Cancer, 2, 3, 6-7, 39-40, 44, 210-273 animal studies, 5, 6, 7, 12, 107-108, 111, 115, 210-242 antiandrogens, general, 243, 272 antiestrogens, general, 243-244, 259 breast milk, 268 cohort studies, 7, 248-249, 258-264, 268 269, 271 DDE, 211, 220, 234, 241, 242, 243, 246 258 (passim) , 262-263, 268, 269, 271 -272 DDT, 6, 211, 221-224, 234-235, 241, 242, 243, 251, 253, 256, 257, 262-263 DES, 1, 10-12, 51 epidemiologic studies, 7, 140, 243-273 estradiol, 101, 106-108 estrogens, general, 210, 235, 243, 244, 248, 300 organochlorine compounds, general, 248, 249-250 PCBs, 5, 6, 105, 107-108, 211, 229-230, 236, 242, 243-244, 246-263 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 418... ... , 21, 33, 46, 301-302 animal studies, 6, 23, 121-122, 211, 221224, 234-235, 241, 242 blood, 93, 256 carcinogenic effects, 6, 211, 221-224, 234235, 241, 242, 243, 251, 253, 256, 257, 262-263 developmental and reproductive effects, 5, 6, 21, 120, 121-122, 131, 141, 149151, 154-155, 156, 159, 161, 164, 165, 168, 169 pregnancy, 121, 131 dosimetry, 86, 91, 97, 99, 100 ecologic effects, 282, 290-291, 294 exposure, 59-60, 64, 65, 66-67, 68, 71-72, 74, 75, 80 food transfer/bioaccumulation, 68, 74, 9192, 161-162 immunologic effects, 23, 186, 196-197 neurologic effects, 185 persistence, 58 production and use, 56, 57, 80 DEHP (diethylhexyl phthalate) , 62, 78 Delayed-type hypersensitivity, 23, 111, 188, 194, 195, 202-203, 208 Demographic factors, 181, 293-294 urban areas, 140, 144, 145, 178, 183, 196, 253, 254, 257 see also Age factors; Racial/ethnic factors Read the entire page →
From page 419... ... , 139-140, 167-168, 169, 294 amphibians, 153-155, 307 birds, 149, 158, 160-166, 168, 169, 285 289 reptiles, 155-159 see also "fish studies" and "wildlife studies" infra Bisphenol A, 126-128 bleached paper mill effluent, 152-153 breast milk, 128, 130, 131, 134-135, 136 carcinogenic effects on reproductive organs, 211, 213-232 (passim) , 244-273, 400-402; see also specific organs chlordecone, 123, 137-138 cohort studies, 131 - 132, 134- 135 contraceptives, 8, 68, 78-79, 246, 265, 273 CYP enzymes, 105- 106 DBP, 129-131 DDE, 120, 121, 122, 131, 134, 155, 156, 165-166, 168-169 DDT, 5, 6, 21, 120, 121-122, 131, 141, 149-151, 154-155, 156, 159, 161, 164, 165, 168, 169 DES, 1, 11-12, 51, 111, 114-115, 126, 127, 129, 157, 399-406 dibenzofurans, 134, 136, 159 polychlorinated dibenzofurans, 4, 5, 133, 134, 168 dioxins, 5, 91, 135, 136, 139, 150, 158-159, 164 419 embryos, 1, 51, 52, 86, 105, 157, 159, 164, 187, 288 estradiol, 123, 154, 157, 160, 163 estrogens, general, 119-120, 160, 164, 169, 307 fertility, 11-12, 16, 73, 121, 132, 138, 245, 246, 302, 402 time-to-pregnancy, 132, 146 fish studies, 4-5, 79, 147-153, 169 intersex conditions, 4, 79, 147, 159, 169, 307 Great Lakes studies, 133-134, 149-151, 158-159, 160-161, 162, 164, 165, 282-283 intersex conditions, 4, 79, 102, 147, 159, 163, 169, 187, 307 lactation, 6, 54, 66, 78-79, 100, 104, 111, 124, 127, 131, 245, 258; see also "breast milk" supra learning effects, 6, 121, 125, 133, 171, 173, 174-177 locomotor effects, 6, 121, 133, 135-136, 171, 175, 184 methoxychlor, 122-123, 169-170 monitoring, 5, 302, 307 octylphenol, 128, 148 organochlorine compounds, 155, 159, 162, 166, 179 PCBs, 4, 18, 120, 124-125, 131-135, 141, 149, 150, 157, 158-159, 164, 165, 168, 169-170, 173, 282, 285, 287 289, 292-294 PCDFs, 4, 168 receptor-mediated actions, 120, 121, 123, 124, 126, 136, 140, 160, 167 regional factors, 120, 133-134, 139, 140, 149-151, 158-159, 160-161, 168, 170; see also "Great Lakes" supra sewage treatment plant effluent, 4, 79, 147 148, 169 sex determination and ratios, 5, 98, 103, 104, 108, 113, 120, 130-131, 135, 160-162, 276, 285-286 sexual behavior, 5, 125-126, 162-163, 170, 270, 406 sperm and semen, 2, 4, 5, 10, 12, 17, 123, 126, 128, 129, 130, 133, 137-146 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 420... ... , 237, 238, 240 DNA, 32, 47-49, 53, 107, 114, 301 Dose and dosimetry, 9, 82- 118 breast milk, 86, 87-91, 100, 111, 114 defined, 54 PCBs, 84, 86, 88-90, 90, 91-94 (passim) , 99, 125, 194 low-dose effects, 16, 113, 119 persistence, 9, 54-55, 58-59, 80, 81, 83, 85, 90, 94, 107; see also Food transfer and bioaccumulation see also Blood; Exposure; Target cells and organs Dose-response relationships, 9, 22-23, 82-83, 86-87, 109-115, 117, 118, 148, 172, 207,303,304,310,413 age factors, 114, 115, 120 animal studies, 109-110, 111-112, 113, 114115 antiestrogens, 113 body weight, 111, 112 defined, 82 DES, 22-23, 110, 111, 114-115 environmentally relevant doses, 16, 24-26 estradiol, 110, 111, 113, 114-115 estrogens, general, 112-113, 115 extrapolation across species, 109-110, 117 fetuses, 113 low-dose effects, 16, 113, 119, 128, 412413 maximum tolerated dose, 24, 239-240 PCBs, 125 low-dose effects, 16, 113, 119 physiologically based pharmacokinetic model, 93-94 receptor-mediated actions, 110, 112-114 steroids, 110, 113 TCDD, 23, 111- 112, 126 threshold concentrations, 113 see also Bioassays E Ecologic studies, 7-8, 138- 139, 274-295 breast cancer, 262-263 DDE, 289, 290-291, 293, 294 DDT, 282, 290-291, 294 genetic effects, 278-279 Great Lakes, 281-283, 286-288, 292 PCBs, 282, 285, 287-289, 292-294 Read the entire page →
From page 421... ... , 242, 244, 263-265, 266, 272 Endosulfan, 6, 33, 56, 74, 75, 203, 206, 209, 211, 224, 235 Endothelial cells, 98-99, 104, 106, 203 Endrin, 75, 186, 198, 199, 211, 225-226, 235236 England, 89, 293 Environmentally relevant doses, 16, 24-26 Environmental Protection Agency, 62, 155-156, 240-241, 292 Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee, 9, 15, 17, 296, 410-414 prostate cancer, 271 study at hand, 1, 12 testicular cancer, 269 Enzymes, 32, 83, 87, 101, 152, 285, 306, 308 animal studies, 101, 105, 106 assays, 302 CYP, 87, 93, 98-109 (passim) , 117 epithelial, 98-99 placental, 105 racial differences, 263 RNA transcription, 49 thyroid, 73, 101 421 Epidemiologic studies, 7, 135, 137, 170, 399406 cancer, 7, 140, 243-273 chlordecone, 137-138 immunologic response, 208-209 necrologic effects, 172-185 sperm concentration, 140, 141-146, 170 see also Cohort studies; Ecologic studies; Occupational studies Epidermal growth factor, 42 Epithelial cells, 11, 50, 83, 86, 87, 98-99, 111, 123, 138, 188, 303 Equol, 37, 40, 41 Estradiol, 10, 40, 42, 45, 50, 69, 78, 79, 85, 94, 96, 107, 108, 300 carcinogenic effects, 101, 106-108 developmental and reproductive effects, 123, 154, 157, 160, 163 dose-response relationship, 110, 111, 113, 114-115 metabolism, 101, 102, 106-108 Estriol, 30, 31, 109, 110, 303-304 Estrogen responsive elements (EREs) Read the entire page →
From page 422... ... 422 Estrone, 30, 31, 70, 79, 103, 108, 109, 147, 306 Estrus and menstruation, see Menstruation and estrus Ethnicity, see Racial/ethnic factors Europe, 7, 140, 143, 293 breast cancer, 245, 250 Scandinavia, 140 testicular cancer, 272 see also specific countries Exposure, 1, 8, 54-81, 84-91, 135, 136, 273, 306-308 agricultural, 138- 139, 154, 170, 206 background concentrations, 8, 9, 69-70, 81 biologic markers, general, 7, 9, 42, 66, 79, 99, 110, 195, 207, 249, 273, 297, 306-308, 310 occupational, other, 258-261 DDT, 59-60, 64, 65, 66-67, 68, 71-72, 74, 75, 80 defined, 54 environmentally relevant routes of, 25-26 persistence, 9, 54-55, 58-59, 80, 81, 83, 85, 90, 94, 107; see also Food transfer and bioaccumulation testicular cancer, 268-269 see also Dose and dosimetry; Screening and monitoring F Faroe Islands, 88, 90 Fatty tissue, see Adipose tissue Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 410 Federal government, see Legislation; specific departments and agencies Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, 410 Fertility, 11-12, 16, 73, 121, 132, 138, 245, 246, 302, 402 time-to-pregnancy, 132, 146 see also Contraceptives; Sperm and semen Fetuses, 1, 38, 47, 116, 241, 310 CYP enzymes, 105, 106 dose-response assessment, 113 fetal alcohol syndrome, 105 resorption, 126 spontaneous abortion, 11, 68, 133, 138- 139, 266, 403, 406 spontaneous death, 132 see also Embryos; Placenta Finland, 145, 146 INDEX Fish, consumption of, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 68, 69, 71, 72, 131-134, 165, 172-176, 181, 184, 287, 289, 292, 294 Fish studies, 1, 2, 7, 45, 281-285, 412 bleached paper mill effluent, 152-153 concentration of HAAs, 63-66, 67, 71, 73 cytochrome, 102 developmental and reproductive effects, 45, 79, 147-153, 169 intersex conditions, 4, 79, 147, 159, 169, 307 dosimetry, 85 salmon, 4, 5, 149-151, 169, 281, 282, 283 284, 292 sewage treatment plant effluent, 4, 79, 147 148, 169, 281, 307 trout, 4-5, 45, 73, 79, 147, 148, 151, 282 283 see also Great Lakes; Marine mammal studies Flavanones, 36 Flavones and flavonoids, 36, 39-41, 43, 68, 73, 101, 102-103, 107 Florida panthers, 166-167, 169-170 Follicles and follicular cells, 137, 152-153, 156-157, 213, 217, 218, 220-232 (passing, 237 Food and Drug Administration, 11, 241 Total Diet Study, 63, 75, 77 Food Quality Protection Act, 297, 410 Food transfer and bioaccumulation, 4, 8, 38-41, 43, 55-56, 63, 74-75, 80-81, 86, 91 92, 116, 174, 281-285 biomagnification, 158, 278, 279, 282, 293 bisphenol A, 38-39, 57, 68, 76-77, 80, 101, 120, 126-128, 211-212, 216-217 chlordecone, 123 DDT, 68, 74, 91-92, 161-162 fish, consumption of, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 68, 69, 71, 72, 131-134, 165, 172-176, 181, 184, 287, 289, 292, 294 PBBs, 262 PCBs, 3-4, 68, 72, 131-134, 173, 282, 292 294 phytoestrogens, 8, 40-41, 55-56, 68, 73, 80, 81,95, 101,273 pyramid effects, 278 soy, 43,56, 63,73, 80, 81, 87, 90 TCDD, 136, 282 see also Ecologic studies; Milk; Packaging and containers Read the entire page →
From page 423... ... INDEX Foreign countries, see Developing countries; Europe; specific countries France, 144, 145 Fungicides, general, 46, 55, 86, 87, 120, 123, 137, 138, 139, 167 see also specific substances G Genetic effects, 5, 6, 28, 31, 42-43, 50, 299, 300-301 animal strains, 238-239 DNA, 32, 47-49, 53, 107, 114, 301 ecologic studies and, 278-279 extrapolation between species, 23-24, 5253, 108-110, 117 mRNA, 27, 45, 49, 52, 104, 105, 106, 302 transcription, 27, 28, 43, 47, 49, 51, 115, 301, 302 RNA, 28 testicular cancer, 268 transfection, 43, 44 Genistein, 85, 98 Germany, 88, 177, 183, 184, 260 Gestation, see Pregnancy Gonadotropins, 87, 97, 98, 104, 152 Gonads, 28, 64, 67, 69, 99, 100, 152, 153, 159, 172, 412 morphologic abnormalities, 5, 79, 156 steroids, 17-18, 20, 157 see Ovaries and ovulation; Testes Great Lakes, 4, 7, 61, 62-63, 67, 71, 72 developmental and reproductive effects, 133-134, 149-151, 158-159, 160161, 162, 164, 165, 282-283 ecologic studies, 281-283, 286-288, 292 immunologic effects, 189, 194 necrologic effects, 174, 177, 178-180, 183 Great Lakes embryo mortality, edema, and deformity syndrome, 165 Growth effects, 4, 31, 42, 50, 150, 154, 160, 282, 287, 293, 302 children and infants, 133, 134- 135, 178, 403 dioxin, 5 egg and gonad size, 4, 152, 169 intrauterine growth retardation, 139 penis size, 5, 157, 158, 306-307, 401, 406 prostate gland size, 22, 111, 127 sex accessory gland size, 126 423 testes, 4, 126, 128, 129, 148, 169 transforming-growth factor, 42 tumors, 108, 126, 235 uterine, 43, 139, 303 see also Birth weight; Body weight H Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (HAHs) , 46, 67, 93, 186, 188-196 see also Polychlorinated byphenyls; Polychlorinated dibenzofurans; TCDD Hazard quotients, 308-309 Heat-shock proteins, 42, 48-49 Hepatic system, 99, 103, 106, 109, 112, 122 123, 152, 156, 195, 235, 238, 242, 293 Heptachlorodibenzofuran, 75 Herbicides, general, 125, 138, 139, 260, 264 see also specific substances Hexachlorobenzene, 63, 134, 141, 181, 186, 203, 207, 251, 254 Hexachlorobiphenyl, 93, 124, 133 Hexachlorohexane, 59, 60, 100, 198, 248 Hexachloro-PCBs, 194 Hippocampus, 104 Hormone replacement therapy, 246, 265, 273 Human chorionic gonadotropin, 152, 153 Humoral immunity, 187, 189, 191, 192, 195, 196, 202, 203, 205, 206 Hyperpigmentation, 173 Hypospadias, 4, 5, 12, 78, 130, 139, 140, 167, 168, 170 Hypothalamus, 28, 96 I Immunologic effects, 2, 3, 6, 186-209 animal studies, 186-187, 188-189, 190-193, 196, 197, 198-208 bird studies, 196, 207 breast milk, 195- 196 DDT, 23, 186, 196-197 DES, 187, 399 epidemiologic studies, 208-209 estrogens, general, 187, 196 Great Lakes, 189, 194 humoral immunity, 187, 189, 191, 192, 195, 196, 202, 203, 205, 206 Read the entire page →
From page 424... ... , 40, 47, 48-49, 114, 298 Lindane, 6, 34, 74, 198, 202, 209, 211, 226 228, 236 Lipoproteins, 8, 38, 64, 83, 88-89, 94, 99, 116 Liver, see Hepatic system Locomotor effects, 6, 121, 133, 135-136, 171, 175, 184 Bayley Psychomotor Development Index, 180 Lungs, 71-72, 87, 93, 203, 237, 245, 261 Luteinizing hormone, 44, 137 Lymphatic system, 187-188, 190-191, 199, 202, 204, 205, 207, 208 see also T-cells M Macrophages, 198, 202, 203, 207 Mammary gland, 104, 126, 213-238 (passim) , 241 see also Breast cancer; Breast milk; Lactation Mammography, 245-246 Marine mammal studies, 92, 294-295 concentrations of HAAs, 64, 65, 66, 72, 80, 90, 99, 196 dosimetry, 86 immunologic effects, PCBs, 6, 194, 196, 207, 208 Maximum tolerated dose, 24, 239-240 Menopause, 78, 79, 245, 251, 273 hormone replacement therapy, 246, 265, 273 Read the entire page →
From page 425... ... ~ tnJra epidemiologic studies, 172-185 Great Lakes, 174, 177, 178-180, 183 infants and children, 172, 173, 174-183; see also "cognitive effects" supra locomotor effects, 6, 121, 133, 135-136, 171, 175, 180, 184 PCBs, 5, 125, 133, 171-185 regional factors, 172-184; see also "Great Lakes" supra standards, 185 study at hand, methodology, 2, 3, 14 TCDD, 135-136 see also Behavioral effects; Brain Nonylphenol ethoxylates, 58, 62, 63, 101, 148 Nonylphenols, 62, 63, 68, 77-78, 85, 101, 148 Norway, 88 Nutrition, see Food transfer and bioaccumulation o Occupational studies, 137, 198 agricultural exposures, 138-139, 154, 206 breast cancer, 246, 258-261, 264 chlordecone, 137-138 DES, 406 endometrial cancer, 264 prostate cancer, 270-271, 273 Read the entire page →
From page 426... ... , 3, 5, 34, 38, 45 animal studies, carcinogenic effects, 5, 6, 107-108, 211, 229-230, 236 developmental and reproductive effects, 4, 18, 124-125, 131, 294 neurologic effects, 5, 125, 133, 171-172 thyroid effects, 5, 150-151, 229-230, 236 blood concentrations, 45, 72, 133, 175, 182, 246, 249, 256, 259, 263, 268, 272 carcinogenic effects, 5, 6, 105, 107-108, 211, 229-230, 236, 242, 243-244, 246-263 (passim) , 268, 270-271, 272-273 cohort studies, 131 - 132, 134- 135 developmental and reproductive effects, 4, 18, 120, 124-125, 131-135, 141, 149, 150, 157, 158-159, 164, 165, 168, 169-170, 173, 282, 285, 287 289, 292-294 dosimetry, 84, 86, 88-90, 90, 91-94 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 427... ... , 269-272, 273, 401 age factors, 269 cohort studies, 271 ecologic studies, 271-272 occupational exposures, 270-271, 273 racial/ethnic factors, 269, 270, 271-272 screening, 269-270, 271 size, 22, 111, 127 427 Psychomotor Development Index, see Bayley Psychomotor Development Index Psychomotor effects, see Locomotor effects Q R Racial/ethnic factors, 72 Asians, 245, 249, 250 breast cancer, 245, 249, 250, 256, 263 concentrations of HAAs, 268 Inuits, 68, 72, 80, 195-196 prostate cancer, 269, 270, 271-272 testicular cancer, 266, 267, 268, 272-273 see also Blacks; Whites Receptor-mediated actions, 3, 8, 21-22, 27, 28 37, 40-41, 43-53, 82, 116, 117, 298 300 carcinogenic effects, 248 developmental and reproductive effects, 120, 121, 123, 124, 126, 136, 140, 160, 167 dose-response relationship, 110, 112-114 estrogens, general, 28-32, 110, 112-114, 299, 300, 301, 412 immunologic effects, 186 ligands, 28-32 (passim) , 40, 47, 48-49, 114, 298 retinoids, 18, 47 steroids, 28, 32, 41, 42, 48, 52, 94-95, 96, 116, 186 thyroid, 18 Redox cycling, 107, 108, 117 Reference standards, 308-309 Registry for Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Genital Tract in Young Females, 11 Regional factors, 5, 279, 292-293 breast cancer, 245, 256 concentrations of HAAs, 64, 65, 72, 88-89 developmental and reproductive effects, 120, 133-134, 139, 140, 149-151, 158-159, 160-161, 168, 170 Great Lakes studies, 133-134, 149-151, 158-159, 160-161, 162, 164, 165, 282-283 necrologic effects, 172-184 Great Lakes, 174, 177, 178-180, 183 Read the entire page →
From page 428... ... , 102, 105 Sitosterol, 5, 38, 85 Skin and skin reactions, 42, 55, 86, 92, 116, 133, 173, 189, 195, 196, 208, 237, 259, 261, 272 Smoking, 105, 182 Society for the Plastics Industry, 76-77 Soil and soil monitoring, 62-63, 70, 123 Soy-based foods, 43, 56, 63, 73, 80, 81, 87, 90 Sperm and semen, 2, 4, 5, 10, 12, 17, 123, 126, 128, 129, 130, 133, 137-146 (passim) , 167, 170, 402, 404, 405 epidemiologic studies, 140, 141-146, 170 regional factors, 4, 5, 142-144 research methodology, 141-144, 146 Spleen, 188, 192, 198, 204, 206 Spontaneous abortion, 11, 68, 133, 138-139, 266, 403, 406 see also Diethylstilbestrol Standards acceptable daily intake, 72 bioassays, 297, 302, 309, 310, 412, 413, 414 environmentally relevant doses, 16, 24-26 maximum tolerated doses, 24, 239-240 necrologic effects, 185 reference standards, 308-309 see also Biologic markers, general Steroids, general, 43, 116, 152, 167, 172, 186187, 290, 301, 307, 308, 412 background concentrations, 69 blood, transport of, 103, 116, 308 carcinogenesis, 243, 244, 264, 272 dose-response assessment, 110, 113 gonadal, 17-18, 20, 157 metabolism, 101-103, 105-109, 117 placental, 105 Read the entire page →
From page 429... ... program, 265 Sweden, 88, 90-91 T Taiwan, 4, 173-175 Tamoxifen, 31, 50, 51, 52-53, 115 Target cells and organs, 28, 30, 38, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 50, 92, 98-99, 116, 272, 300 steroid metabolism, 101 - 102, 103 TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) , 6, 18, 23, 46, 75 Agent Orange, 137, 138 animal studies, 125-126, 211, 230-231, 236 237, 241, 242 blood, 137, 182, 268-269 carcinogenic effects, 23, 111-112, 125-126, 211, 230-231, 236-237, 241, 242, 243-244, 259-262, 264, 271, 273 developmental and reproductive effects, 120, 125-126, 135-137, 149, 150, 151 dosimetry, 85, 88-89, 93, 94, 98-99, 104, 110 dose-response relationships, 23, 111 112, 126 ecologic effects, 282-283, 285 food transfer and bioaccumulation, 136, 282 immunologic effects, 111, 188- 189, 190 191, 193, 196 necrologic effects, 135-136 thyroid gland, 136 T-cells, 187-196 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 430... ... Lawrence River, 58, 63, 66, 67, 158, 179, 183, 194, 294 see also Fish studies; Great Lakes; Marine mammal studies Whites breast cancer, 249, 250, 256, 263 neurological effects, 178, 180 prostate cancer, 269, 270, 271-272 testicular cancer, 266, 268, 272-273 Wildlife studies, 1, 7-8, 9, 79, 275-276, 281295, 302, 310, 413 developmental and reproductive effects, 4, 7, 10, 120-121, 146-167, 168-170, 275, 282-295 exposure, 63-67 immunologic effects, 6, 189, 194, 196, 207 study at hand, methodology, 1-2, 3 see also Bird studies; Fish studies; Marine mammal studies; Reptile studies z Zearalanol, 37, 40 Zearalenol, 40, 101, 102 Zearalenone, 37, 40, 63, 68, 85, 86, 101-102 Zona radiate proteins, 306, 308 Read the entire page →

From page 415...

... , 225, 228, 229, 231, 232, 234, 236, 237, 238, 241 oc-fetoprotein, 95, 114-115 Age factors, 69, 128, 129, 240-241, 414 breast cancer, 104, 245, 249, 263 breast milk, 90 dose-response assessment, 114, 115, 120 prostate cancer, 269 testicular cancer, 266, 268 see also Infants and children Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 72, 179 Agent Orange, 137, 138 Agricultural exposures, 138-139, 154, 206 free range farm animals, 170 see also Herbicides; Pesticides; specific herbicides and pesticides Agricultural Market Survey, 74 Air pollution and monitoring, 60-61, 68, 70, 71-72, 74, 206 Aldrin, 6, 75, 90, 153, 186, 198, 211, 213-216 415 Alkylphenols, 34, 57, 58, 61-62, 77-78, 80, 128, 147-148 nonylphenols, 62, 63, 68, 77-78, 85, 101, 148 Alligators, 5, 7, 155-158, 290-292 Amphibian studies, 153- 155, 307 Androgens, 12, 32, 50, 69, 109, 110, 120, 124, 157-158, 243, 297, 411 see also Antiandrogens; Testosterone Angiogenesis, 108 Animal studies, 31, 273, 310 bisphenol A, 126-128, 139 breast milk, 86, 87, 90 butyl benzyl phthalate, 129 carcinogenic effects, 5, 6, 7, 12, 107-108, 111, 115, 210-242 chlordecone, 123, 212 DBP, 129-131 DDE, 45, 121-122, 211, 220, 234, 241, 242 DDT, 6, 23, 121-122, 211, 221-224, 234 235, 241, 242 DES, 12, 111, 115, 119, 129, 157, 399 developmental and reproductive effects, 4, 18, 52, 96, 119-131 (passim) , 139 140, 167-168, 169, 294 dose-response assessment, 109- 110, 111 112, 113, 114-115 enzyme metabolism, 101, 105, 106 estrogens, general, 210, 235 extrapolation between species, 23-24, 52 53, 108-110, 117

Index Pages 415-430

Index
Pages 415-430