Sustaining Marine Fisheries (1999) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 11-18
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From page 11... ...
, and many coral-reef fish species in the Philippines have disappeared from commercial catches. International disputes over fishery resources sometimes have a militaristic character, as illustrated by the "cod war" between the United Kingdom and Iceland in the 1960s and the Canadian arrest of a Spanish trawler on the high seas in the 1990s.
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From page 12... ...
To what degree are observed changes caused by environmental fluctuations and to what degree are they caused by human activities, particularly fishing? If the problems are significant, as they appear to be or likely to become, can an ecosystem approach to fishery management help achieve sustainability of marine fisheries?
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From page 13... ...
In addition, the growing human population, increasingly industrialized, affects the terrestrial and marine environments in many ways, some of which might increase the fisheries catches, but many do not. As described in Chapter 3, destruction of spawning and nursery habitats, disruption of food webs, nutrient and other chemical pollution, and sedimentation can all adversely affect fisheries.
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From page 14... ...
Thus, this report is about sustaining ecosystems rather than sustaining only fishery catches. SUSTAINABILITY AND ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT In establishing the Committee on Ecosystem Management for Sustainable Marine Fisheries, the NRC and OSB recognized that the challenge of achieving sustainable fisheries is greater than the challenge of achieving a sustainable catch of each important commercial species over the next decade or two -- a daunting task in itself.
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From page 15... ...
Therefore, by ecosystem-based management for fisheries, this committee means an approach that seriously takes all major ecosystem components and services -- both structural and functional -- into account in managing fisheries and one that is committed to understanding larger ecosystem processes for the goal of achieving sustainability in fishery management. Concepts of ecosystem management and sustainability are not new, although their explicit incorporation into many management goals is fairly recent.
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From page 16... ...
. While and before Thompson was investigating the North Pacific halibut fishery, Heincke was developing catch-curve analyses as a basis for proposed minimum size limits for North Sea plaice (Pleuronectes platessa)
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From page 17... ...
changed the face of fishery management, leading to exclusive economic zones, international treaties, international fishery-management bodies, and continued international disputes about fishing. One of those international bodies, the U.S-Canadian International Commission for Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, implemented an early attempt at incorporating ecosystem management into fisheries.
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From page 18... ...
The discussion covers the potential usefulness and practical application of an ecosystem-based approach, alternative institutional structures, social and economic arrangements that hold promise for improving sustainable fishing, marine protected areas, scientific questions, and research needs. The emerging recognition that marine ecosystems have values in addition to their production of food and the importance of that recognition in developing ecosystem-based approaches to sustainable fishery management are also discussed.
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