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From page 131... ... 83,86,95 B Baselines, 11 -21, 41 Behavioral factors, ViC9 12, 17, 18, 80 alcohol use and abuse, 18 nutrition and diet, 6, 12, 21, 27, 37, 39, 64; see also Food contamination smoking, ] 3, 27, 89 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 80 Biological markers, licit, 4, 27, 29-33, 35, 42 defined, 29-30, 32 Biostatistics, vccc, 33 Birth weight, 13 C Cancer and carcinogens, 12, 13-14, 29, 56,80-81,83,95 Read the entire page →
From page 132... ... 132 biomarkers, 31, 33 children, 29, 8~81 Case studies, 4, 2~21, 29, 38, 39, 56 Cell occupancy approach, 89 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, LX, 3, 35, 80 Chemical Manufacturers Assocation, 53 Children birth weight, 13 cancer, 29, 8(~81 education of, 53-57 hazardous waste site proximity, 18 infant mortality, 13, 29 lead poisoning, 17 Civil Rights Act, 119 Clean Air Act, 120 Clinton, William, 1, 111-120 Commission for Racial Justice, see United Church of Christ Communities of concern, 9 baseline data, 11 characteristics of, 6 committee approach, 4 economic development as health protection, 8, 9, 68, 113, 115 educational efforts, 7-8, 52-57, 59 defined, 2 multiple exposure, 28, 29 participatory research, 1, 5, 7, 23, 26,34, 36~0,41,42, 43, 50, 52, 55-57,65,68 political disenfranchisement, 2, 6, 9, 36,45,64 sources of environmental health hazards, 14 stakeholder collaboration, 5, 7, 42, 43, 65, 68; see also "participatory research" supra susceptibility, 2~27 Community Outreach and Education Program (COEP) , 52, 53-54, 5~57 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, 18 Cost and cost-benefit factors, 65, 95-96, 117 committee approach, 4 Cultural factors, 12, 117 INDEX researchers vs subjects, 6, 37, 39, 40, 68 subsistence consumption of food, 17, 37,39,59, 115 D Databases, 2~26, 28, 41 Death rates, 5, 12, 13, 56 asthma, 21 Deep South Center for Environmental Justice, 54 Department of Energy, ix, 4, 1 12 Department of Health and Human Services, 112 databases, 25 Departments of federal government, other, 112 see also Federal government Diet, see Nutrition and diet Dimethylformamide, 18 Disease cluster analysis, 34-35, 56, 81 82, 84-94 Disease prevention, general, 4, 9, 23, 51 Diseases and disorders, general, 29, 62 biomarkers, 29-30, 32, 42 birth weight, 13 death rates, 5, 12, 13, 21, 56 infant mortality, 13, 29 lead poisoning, 17, 19, 27, 29, 37 susceptibility, 2, 7, 26-27, 30, 3132, 33, 42, 62-63, 64-65, 80; see also Behavioral factors; Genetic factors see also Cancer and carcinogens; Etiology; Occupational exposures and injuries; specific clisec~ses and disorders DNA adducts, 30, 32 E Ecologic studies, 18 Economic factors, 16 cost and cost-benefit factors, 4, 65, 95-96, 117 Read the entire page →
From page 133... ... . 1nJurles Environmental justice, defined, l Environmental Protection Agency, ix, 3, 4,24,29,65,119-120 databases, 25-26 environmental justice defined, 1 Executive Order 12898, 3, 111, 112 Epidemiology, general, vizi, 11-21,3~37 barriers to, 79-97 biostatistics, viii, 33 conventional, 6 death rates, 5, 12, 13, 21, 56 disease cluster analysis, 3~35, 56, 81-82, 84-94 health professionals, education, 49 life expectancy, 11-12, 21 methodologies, 23~3, 56, 79, 8197 133 preepidemiologic methods, 34-35, 56, 79, 81-97 sampling, 33, 34, 62, 79, 8~81, 85 small-area analysis, 81, 82, 92-93 see also Biological markers Ethical issues, 4, 51 Ethylene oxide,31 Etiology, 7, 27, 28, 43, 93 asthma, 21, 28, 29 biomarkers, 29-30, 31, 32, 33 health professionals, education, 46 49 Executive Order 12250, 116 Executive Order 12856,115 Executive Order 12875, 116 Executive Order 12898, 3, l l l-120 Exposure, viii, 7, 41, 6~65, 80, 95-96 biomarkers, 3~31, 32-33, 42 databases, 2~26, 28-29, 41 disparities in, l l, 1~17 food contamination, 17, 37, 39, 59, 115 health status, links to, 18-21 multiple hazards, 18, 21, 27, 28, 62, 64, 80 public education, 53 research methodologies, 2~26, 2831,32-33,41,42,80 see also Behavioral factors; Biological markers; Occupational exposures and injuries F Federal government, ix, 3, 6-7 databases, 24-26, 28, 41 Executive Order 12250, 116 Executive Order 12856, 115 Executive Order 12875, 116 Executive Order 12898, 3, l l l - 120 interagency strategies, 4, 111-112, 115, 116 state/local coordination with, ix, 6, 41 see also Funding; Legislation; Regulatory issues; specific departments and agencies Food contamination, 17, 37, 39, 59, 115 Read the entire page →
From page 134... ... 134 Freedom of Information Act, 129 Funding health professionals, education, 47, 49,58 research, viii, 40~1, 49-50, 62 G Gender factors, 41 General Accounting Ohice, 3 Genetic factors, 21, 27, 35, 36, 42 biomarkers, 3~31, 32 DNA adducts, 30, 32 Geographic barriers, neighborhoods, 6 Geographic information systems, 35 Government role, see Federal government; Local government; State government H Health policy, see Public health approach Health professionals education of, viii, 4, 7-8, 9, 4~52, 57-58 links to, 41 nursing and allied health sciences, 50-51 physicians, 1, 47, 48, 49, 50, 58 recruitment of specialists, 51-52, 58, 59 Health status, general, 24 access to health care, 2, 6, 9, 12, 21, 49,58 defined, 2 disparities in, general, 11-14 exposure, disparities in, 11, 1~17 exposure, links to, 18-21, 27 sentinel health conditions, 47~8 see also Diseases and disorders, general; Genetic factors; Public health approach Health Surveillance and Communities of Color, 35 Hispanics, 12, 13, 15-16, 20 INDEX Income, see Poverty; Socioeconomic status Infant mortality, 13, 29 see also Birth weight Interactions of Drugs, Biologics, arid Chemicals in U.S. Military, Forces, 28 Interagency Environmental Health Information Program, 25 Inventory of Exposure-Related Data Systems Sponsored by Federal Agencies, 24 L Landfills, see Treatment, storage, and disposal facilities Lead poisoning, 17, l9, 27, 29, 37 Legislation, general environmental justice defined, l professional education on, 51 Legislation, specific Civil Rights Act, l l 9 Clean Air Act, 120 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, 18 Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, l 15, 120 Freedom of Information Act, 129 National Environmental Policy Act, 1 19-1 20 Privacy Act, l 14 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 18 Sunshine Act, 120 Life expectancy, l l-12, 21 Liver disease, 18 see also Lead poisoning Living Is for Everyone, 56 Local government committee approach, 5 federal coordination, ix, 6, 41 public education, 55 public health education, professional, 50, 58 Read the entire page →
From page 135... ... 4649 monitoring systems, 17 multiple exposures, 28, 62 socioeconomic factors, 34 Office of Management and Budget, 36 Ohio Outreach Strategy for Equity in Environmental Issues, 52-53 Ozone, 19, 86 . Read the entire page →
From page 136... ... exposures, 17, l9, 21,28,29,80 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 18 Responsible Care: A Public Commitment, 53 Rural areas, see Agricultural areas S Sampling, 33, 34, 62, 79, 8(}81, 85 Sentinel health conditions, 47~8 Small-area analysis, 81, 82, 92-93 Read the entire page →
From page 137... ... INDEX Smoking, 13, 27, 89 Social factors, general, 113 contamination stigma, 8 research context, viii risk factors, viii, 6 see also Behavioral factors; Cultural factors Socioeconomic status, 41 committee approach, 4, 5 communities of concern, 6 educational attainment, 1, 3, 12, 13, 41 environmental justice defined, 1 epidemiologic studies, general, 3 35 health status, general, 1 1-12, 20, 27 see also Minority groups; Poverty Stakeholders, 5, 7, 42, 43, 65, 68 see also Participatory research Standards air quality, EPA, 19 databases, 25, 26, 42 participatory research, 40 State government cancer studies, 80 committee approach, 5 federal coordination, zx, 6, 41 public health education, 50, 58 Subsistence consumption of food, 17, 37, 39, 59, 1 15 Sunshine Act, 120 Superfund, see Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act Surveillance systems, general, 4, 41 radiation hazards, 16 see also Epidemiology, general Susceptibility, 2, 7, 2~27, 30, 31-32, 33, 42, 62~3, 64 65, 80 137 Symposium on Health Research and Needs to Ensure Environmental Justice, 3 T Tobacco, see Smoking Toxic Chemical Release Inventory, 25-26 Toxic materials, general, 14, 17 pathways of migration, 16-17 siting of facilities, 5 see also Exposure; Treatment, storage, and disposal facilities; specific chemicals Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program, 26 ToxRAP, 54 Treatment, storage, and disposal facilities, 5, 14-16, 18, 29, 81 EPA data, 25 Trichloroethylene, 38 U United Church ofChrist, 14, 16 Urban areas, 5, 13, 18, 20-21, 29, 34, 52, 56-57 W Waste, see Toxic materials, general; Treatment, storage, and disposal facilities Water pollutants, 29, 38, 83 EPA data, 25 World Health Organization, 2, 17 Read the entire page →

From page 131...

... 83,86,95 B Baselines, 11 -21, 41 Behavioral factors, ViC9 12, 17, 18, 80 alcohol use and abuse, 18 nutrition and diet, 6, 12, 21, 27, 37, 39, 64; see also Food contamination smoking, ] 3, 27, 89 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 80 Biological markers, licit, 4, 27, 29-33, 35, 42 defined, 29-30, 32 Biostatistics, vccc, 33 Birth weight, 13 C Cancer and carcinogens, 12, 13-14, 29, 56,80-81,83,95

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From page 132...

... 132 biomarkers, 31, 33 children, 29, 8~81 Case studies, 4, 2~21, 29, 38, 39, 56 Cell occupancy approach, 89 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, LX, 3, 35, 80 Chemical Manufacturers Assocation, 53 Children birth weight, 13 cancer, 29, 8(~81 education of, 53-57 hazardous waste site proximity, 18 infant mortality, 13, 29 lead poisoning, 17 Civil Rights Act, 119 Clean Air Act, 120 Clinton, William, 1, 111-120 Commission for Racial Justice, see United Church of Christ Communities of concern, 9 baseline data, 11 characteristics of, 6 committee approach, 4 economic development as health protection, 8, 9, 68, 113, 115 educational efforts, 7-8, 52-57, 59 defined, 2 multiple exposure, 28, 29 participatory research, 1, 5, 7, 23, 26,34, 36~0,41,42, 43, 50, 52, 55-57,65,68 political disenfranchisement, 2, 6, 9, 36,45,64 sources of environmental health hazards, 14 stakeholder collaboration, 5, 7, 42, 43, 65, 68; see also "participatory research" supra susceptibility, 2~27 Community Outreach and Education Program (COEP) , 52, 53-54, 5~57 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, 18 Cost and cost-benefit factors, 65, 95-96, 117 committee approach, 4 Cultural factors, 12, 117 INDEX researchers vs subjects, 6, 37, 39, 40, 68 subsistence consumption of food, 17, 37,39,59, 115 D Databases, 2~26, 28, 41 Death rates, 5, 12, 13, 56 asthma, 21 Deep South Center for Environmental Justice, 54 Department of Energy, ix, 4, 1 12 Department of Health and Human Services, 112 databases, 25 Departments of federal government, other, 112 see also Federal government Diet, see Nutrition and diet Dimethylformamide, 18 Disease cluster analysis, 34-35, 56, 81 82, 84-94 Disease prevention, general, 4, 9, 23, 51 Diseases and disorders, general, 29, 62 biomarkers, 29-30, 32, 42 birth weight, 13 death rates, 5, 12, 13, 21, 56 infant mortality, 13, 29 lead poisoning, 17, 19, 27, 29, 37 susceptibility, 2, 7, 26-27, 30, 3132, 33, 42, 62-63, 64-65, 80; see also Behavioral factors; Genetic factors see also Cancer and carcinogens; Etiology; Occupational exposures and injuries; specific clisec~ses and disorders DNA adducts, 30, 32 E Ecologic studies, 18 Economic factors, 16 cost and cost-benefit factors, 4, 65, 95-96, 117

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From page 133...

... . 1nJurles Environmental justice, defined, l Environmental Protection Agency, ix, 3, 4,24,29,65,119-120 databases, 25-26 environmental justice defined, 1 Executive Order 12898, 3, 111, 112 Epidemiology, general, vizi, 11-21,3~37 barriers to, 79-97 biostatistics, viii, 33 conventional, 6 death rates, 5, 12, 13, 21, 56 disease cluster analysis, 3~35, 56, 81-82, 84-94 health professionals, education, 49 life expectancy, 11-12, 21 methodologies, 23~3, 56, 79, 8197 133 preepidemiologic methods, 34-35, 56, 79, 81-97 sampling, 33, 34, 62, 79, 8~81, 85 small-area analysis, 81, 82, 92-93 see also Biological markers Ethical issues, 4, 51 Ethylene oxide,31 Etiology, 7, 27, 28, 43, 93 asthma, 21, 28, 29 biomarkers, 29-30, 31, 32, 33 health professionals, education, 46 49 Executive Order 12250, 116 Executive Order 12856,115 Executive Order 12875, 116 Executive Order 12898, 3, l l l-120 Exposure, viii, 7, 41, 6~65, 80, 95-96 biomarkers, 3~31, 32-33, 42 databases, 2~26, 28-29, 41 disparities in, l l, 1~17 food contamination, 17, 37, 39, 59, 115 health status, links to, 18-21 multiple hazards, 18, 21, 27, 28, 62, 64, 80 public education, 53 research methodologies, 2~26, 2831,32-33,41,42,80 see also Behavioral factors; Biological markers; Occupational exposures and injuries F Federal government, ix, 3, 6-7 databases, 24-26, 28, 41 Executive Order 12250, 116 Executive Order 12856, 115 Executive Order 12875, 116 Executive Order 12898, 3, l l l - 120 interagency strategies, 4, 111-112, 115, 116 state/local coordination with, ix, 6, 41 see also Funding; Legislation; Regulatory issues; specific departments and agencies Food contamination, 17, 37, 39, 59, 115

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From page 134...

... 134 Freedom of Information Act, 129 Funding health professionals, education, 47, 49,58 research, viii, 40~1, 49-50, 62 G Gender factors, 41 General Accounting Ohice, 3 Genetic factors, 21, 27, 35, 36, 42 biomarkers, 3~31, 32 DNA adducts, 30, 32 Geographic barriers, neighborhoods, 6 Geographic information systems, 35 Government role, see Federal government; Local government; State government H Health policy, see Public health approach Health professionals education of, viii, 4, 7-8, 9, 4~52, 57-58 links to, 41 nursing and allied health sciences, 50-51 physicians, 1, 47, 48, 49, 50, 58 recruitment of specialists, 51-52, 58, 59 Health status, general, 24 access to health care, 2, 6, 9, 12, 21, 49,58 defined, 2 disparities in, general, 11-14 exposure, disparities in, 11, 1~17 exposure, links to, 18-21, 27 sentinel health conditions, 47~8 see also Diseases and disorders, general; Genetic factors; Public health approach Health Surveillance and Communities of Color, 35 Hispanics, 12, 13, 15-16, 20 INDEX Income, see Poverty; Socioeconomic status Infant mortality, 13, 29 see also Birth weight Interactions of Drugs, Biologics, arid Chemicals in U.S. Military, Forces, 28 Interagency Environmental Health Information Program, 25 Inventory of Exposure-Related Data Systems Sponsored by Federal Agencies, 24 L Landfills, see Treatment, storage, and disposal facilities Lead poisoning, 17, l9, 27, 29, 37 Legislation, general environmental justice defined, l professional education on, 51 Legislation, specific Civil Rights Act, l l 9 Clean Air Act, 120 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, 18 Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, l 15, 120 Freedom of Information Act, 129 National Environmental Policy Act, 1 19-1 20 Privacy Act, l 14 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 18 Sunshine Act, 120 Life expectancy, l l-12, 21 Liver disease, 18 see also Lead poisoning Living Is for Everyone, 56 Local government committee approach, 5 federal coordination, ix, 6, 41 public education, 55 public health education, professional, 50, 58

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From page 135...

... 4649 monitoring systems, 17 multiple exposures, 28, 62 socioeconomic factors, 34 Office of Management and Budget, 36 Ohio Outreach Strategy for Equity in Environmental Issues, 52-53 Ozone, 19, 86 .

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From page 136...

... exposures, 17, l9, 21,28,29,80 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 18 Responsible Care: A Public Commitment, 53 Rural areas, see Agricultural areas S Sampling, 33, 34, 62, 79, 8(}81, 85 Sentinel health conditions, 47~8 Small-area analysis, 81, 82, 92-93

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From page 137...

... INDEX Smoking, 13, 27, 89 Social factors, general, 113 contamination stigma, 8 research context, viii risk factors, viii, 6 see also Behavioral factors; Cultural factors Socioeconomic status, 41 committee approach, 4, 5 communities of concern, 6 educational attainment, 1, 3, 12, 13, 41 environmental justice defined, 1 epidemiologic studies, general, 3 35 health status, general, 1 1-12, 20, 27 see also Minority groups; Poverty Stakeholders, 5, 7, 42, 43, 65, 68 see also Participatory research Standards air quality, EPA, 19 databases, 25, 26, 42 participatory research, 40 State government cancer studies, 80 committee approach, 5 federal coordination, zx, 6, 41 public health education, 50, 58 Subsistence consumption of food, 17, 37, 39, 59, 1 15 Sunshine Act, 120 Superfund, see Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act Surveillance systems, general, 4, 41 radiation hazards, 16 see also Epidemiology, general Susceptibility, 2, 7, 2~27, 30, 31-32, 33, 42, 62~3, 64 65, 80 137 Symposium on Health Research and Needs to Ensure Environmental Justice, 3 T Tobacco, see Smoking Toxic Chemical Release Inventory, 25-26 Toxic materials, general, 14, 17 pathways of migration, 16-17 siting of facilities, 5 see also Exposure; Treatment, storage, and disposal facilities; specific chemicals Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program, 26 ToxRAP, 54 Treatment, storage, and disposal facilities, 5, 14-16, 18, 29, 81 EPA data, 25 Trichloroethylene, 38 U United Church ofChrist, 14, 16 Urban areas, 5, 13, 18, 20-21, 29, 34, 52, 56-57 W Waste, see Toxic materials, general; Treatment, storage, and disposal facilities Water pollutants, 29, 38, 83 EPA data, 25 World Health Organization, 2, 17

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Index Pages 131-137

Index
Pages 131-137