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Introduction
Pages 7-24

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From page 7...
... These fisheries were located in inshore waters, but trips offshore to Georges Bank began in the mid- ~ 700s. Georges Bank became a principal harvesting ground by the late 1 800s (Jensen, 1972~.
From page 8...
... at the start of the spawning season of cod, haddock, and yellowtail flounder from Gulf of Maine (GOM) , Georges Bank (GB)
From page 9...
... effort in the groundfish fishery again increased and shifted from cod to Georges Bank haddock. The harvest of haddock peaked at 132,200 tons in 1929, then dropped to 28,000 tons by 1934 (CIark et al., 19821.
From page 10...
... Although joint U.S. and Canadian management of shared Georges Bank and Gulf of Maine groundfish stocks had been somewhat successful under ICNAF, cooperative management faltered quickly due to disagreements over national boundaries.
From page 11...
... ICNAF sets TAC at 12,000 tons (Georges Bank) First formal stock assessment under ICNAFAssessment indicates Subarea 5 cod exceeded MSY since 1965 1972 Spawning area closures March-May.
From page 12...
... Peak Canadian harvest of 18,000 tons under TAC First Canadian assessment of Georges Bank multispecies complex -SPA performed using 1960-1976 data (Canada: Minimum fish size 17" (15" recreational) Minimum mesh size 5.5" Minimum fish size 11" -International Court of Justice ends U.S.-Canada boundary dispute Court delineates Hague Link Minimum mesh size 5.5" -Multispecies FMP implementedIncreased gear and effort controlsMinimum mesh size 5.5" 1986 Area closures extend from Area closures enacted in February-May southern New England 1987 Canadian SPA updated using ADAPT model
From page 13...
... and Canadian stock assessments completedCanada increases at-sea monitoring -Canada establishes minimum catch history for ITQ vessels in Georges Bank Amendment 5 Amendment ~ Area closures in key areas now year round Amendment 7 U.S. and Canadian stock assessments completed NOTE: CAFSAC = Canadian Atlantic Fisheries Scientific Advisory Committee CLF = Conservation Law Foundation DFO = Department of Fisheries and Oceans FMP = fishery management plan ICNAF = International Commission for Northwest Atlantic Fisheries ITQ = individual transferable quota MSY = maximum sustainable yield NMFS = National Marine Fisheries Service SPA = sequential population analysis TAC = total allowable catch VPA = virtual population analysis
From page 14...
... This assessment concluded that Georges Bank and Gulf of Maine cod, haddock, and yellowtail flounder stocks were at or near record low levels of spawning biomass and that cod and yellowtail flounder fishing mortality levels were far in excess of fishing mortality levels needed to rebuild the stocks (NEFSC, 1994a, 1995; O'Brien and Brown, 19951. Canadian assessments from 1995 indicated similarly low levels of spawning biomass for stocks on Georges Bank (Gavaris and VanEeckhaute, 1996; Hunt and Buzeta, 19961.
From page 15...
... i:: :~:~:~:~: i:: i:: :.:-: : At i: :~ :-: :~ :~: :~:::~::::: :J, ,''~:':::' :2.::'.-~'-~/ ~1 ~1 ~1 . , a: Areas ¢'\ FIGURE 1.3 Regulated areas in the northeast fishery recommended in Amendment 5 of the Multispecies Fisheries Management Plan.
From page 16...
... ~ '' ~ 11~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ' ~ ~ - l-~.-~.~ 2~"~22.'1~ '' .'' . .-2 2-~- -2 - ~ -- ail ., Jeffreys Ledge Closure Area Nantuc Lightship Closed Area \ ,Closed Area I l Closed Area 11 1 1 1 1 1 , 1 , 1 1 1 , FIGURE 1.4 Regulated areas in the northeast fishery recommended in Amendment 7 of the Multispecies Fisheries Management Plan.
From page 17...
... 6-inch minimum mesh size applies to most vessels retaining more than 500 pounds of groundfish, certain exemptions for purse seiners and midwater-trawl vessels. Seasonal 6inch square mesh for juvenile cod protection on Stellwagen Bank and Jeffreys Ledge from March-July.
From page 18...
... a program of mandatory vessel logbooks and dealer reports was implemented. Vessel trip reports for 1994, 1995, and 1996 were available for these stock assessments, but all data are provisional.
From page 19...
... Conversion factors are used to adjust catches to make them comparable. In addition, surveys conducted by Canada are used in the stock assessment for Georges Bank cod and haddock.
From page 20...
... 20 11 40 eel C)
From page 21...
... Introciaction 44 42 40 38 36 21 76 74 72 70 68 66 ~ - :: ~ :: ~ ~ i; i, ;; .
From page 22...
... 22 Review of Northeast Fishery Stock Assessments :% :~.O are ~ : : 7 ',,,,0 ~~:~ ~~~0 ~ ~ ~ ~f ~fall FIGURE 1.7 1997a.
From page 23...
... stock assessments, information collection methodologies, biological assumptions and projections, and other relevant scientific information used as the basis for conservation and management in the Northeast multispecies fishery" (see Appendix A)
From page 24...
... evaluate the role of stock assessment in the fishery management process. In Chapter 2, the committee reviews the Northeast groundfish fish stock assessments in general to address whether they provide a valid scientific basis for decisionmaking.


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