Partners on the Frontier The Future of U.S.-Russian Cooperation in Science and Technology (1998) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Program Experiences to Date: Approaches and Lessons Learned
Program Experiences to Date: Approaches and Lessons Learned
Pages 3-11
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 3... ...
He suggested that, in part, the answer is for the United States to link its bilateral programs better with multilateral programs and consider more joint activities with other Western countries. During the consultations, the agency representatives were asked to address the following topics: · What have been the most significant impacts of your programs, in terms of both Russian and American interests, and how have you been able to measure those impacts?
|
From page 4... ...
The cooperation has led to such grand-scale projects as an international space station. The joint cooperation has also stimulated creativity on the part of the Russian partners; for example, the Khrunichev State Research Production Space Center built a second cargo module for its own use.
|
From page 5... ...
It is necessary to bring the Russian S&T personnel into the project planning process for cooperative activities as much as possible so as not to go back to a top-down Soviet-style program implementation. · Finally, there is a major need for a mechanism of financing projects before they become self-sustaining.
|
From page 6... ...
AID is encouraging improved policies and reform of institutions in the energy sector, but it also recognizes that fundamental technological changes are needed. Such changes include deepening technological mastery in the operation of energy plants to make them more efficient, less polluting, and safer, as well as shifting production from processes using less desirable technologies to those using better technologies.
|
From page 7... ...
The reform of the productive sector involves policy changes, institutional reforms, and the creation of market institutions. Again, the transition in the productive sector has critical technological aspects.
|
From page 8... ...
This is the "attribution problem." With radical policy and institutional change going on, with many negative trends occurring simultaneously, with many donors providing assistance, and with some problems in our understanding of the processes at play in the transition from communism, it is difficult to quantify specific changes in national indicators that are solely attributable to AID programs. It is simply not known what would have occurred if U.S.
|
From page 9... ...
If an important objective is to help maintain world-class Russian science, for example, existing elite institutions probably deserve help. Yet to channel S&T cooperation through a centralized, academy-dominated system would not nurture future scientific growth as much as a more universitycentered system.
|
From page 10... ...
Positive changes include an increasingly open nature of governance and society; increasing reliance on competitive peer review in allocating some resources; and most striking, a wide access to electronic communication. Negative trends are primarily continuations of old habits (e.g., information hoarding, acceptance of chaos and dysfunctional elements, and pessimism)
|
From page 11... ...
The Freedom Support Act is about to decline precipitously, forcing many existing programs to the verge of extinction. At the same time, Russia has exhausted the intellectual and infrastructural capital it inherited from the Soviet era and faces a tremendous challenge in replacing those costly necessities.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.