The Community Development Quota Program in Alaska (1999) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
6 Communities and Fisheries of the Western Pacific
6 Communities and Fisheries of the Western Pacific
Pages 118-135
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 118... ...
For the purposes of this section, the western Pacific refers to Hawaii and those U.S. territories and possessions under the jurisdiction of the Western Pacific Fishery Management Council (WPFMC)
|
From page 119... ...
, as is the case with the Hawaii-based longline fishery, would disadvantage them relative to foreign fishermen. With the exception of the relatively small Northwest Hawaiian Islands lobster fishery and the inactive precious coral fishery, the fisheries of the western Pacific are managed as open access fisheries or operate under limited entry programs.
|
From page 120... ...
There are some lessons to be learned from the Alaska CDQ experience that may help the Western Pacific Council develop and design its own programs to benefit native fishermen of the region. The Council is moving forward with planning for its demonstration projects and is considering a set-aside of permits for Native fishermen in the Mau Zone of the Northwest Hawaiian Islands Bottomfish fishery through a limited entry amendment.
|
From page 121... ...
Region Pounds Value ($) American Samoa Guam Hawaii Commonwealth Northern Mariana Islands 472,672 229,431 30,110,000 224,963 620,473 357,244 56,910,000 431,561 Total 31,037,066 58,319,278 SOURCE: WPRFMC, 1997b
|
From page 122... ...
American Samoa32,24562,878 54,12217,492a 903,0002,577,000 Commonwealth Northern Manana Islands52,967176,707 Total1,042,3342,834,077 Guidon Hawaii SOURCE: WPRFMC, 1997a aRevenue based on commercial landing of 6,578 pounds American Samoa: Community and Fishery American Samoa is an unincorporated territory of the United States and American Samoan residents travel to and work freely in the United States. American Samoans elect their own governor, legislature (or Fono)
|
From page 123... ...
To some extent, cannery sales and leakage compete with locally caught troll and longline fish in the local market and fishermen have expressed an interest in improving local and export marketing and shoreside support. While some midsize vessels are in use, including two newly arrived longliners over 50 ft., the active Samoan commercial fishing fleet consists mostly of 28-34 ft.
|
From page 124... ...
These concerns were stimulated in part by the rapid expansion of the Hawaii based longline fleet that led to overcapitalization and the implementation of a limited entry program in that fishery in 1994. As a result of these concerns, American Samoan fishermen and the Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources requested that the Western Pacific Council develop a limited entry amendment to the Western Pacific Pelagic Fishery Management Plan.
|
From page 125... ...
has undergone drastic economic transformation since the commonwealth agreement came into effect in 1976 (McPhetres, 1992~. The Commonwealth government maintained observer status with the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council until 1996 because of the desire to control their own FEZ and the lack of a territorial sea that was under their own governance and jurisdiction.
|
From page 126... ...
Little is known about the fishery resources and stock abundance, especially in the north, and there are concerns that the developing bottomfish fishery for deep- and shallow-water snappers and groupers in the northern part of the archipelago needs to be monitored. People of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands The aboriginal people of the CNMI include the indigenous Chamorro as original inhabitants of the islands, and the Carolinians, who are Micronesians that resettled Saipan during the 1800s.
|
From page 127... ...
purse seiner company, a shift in purse seiner effort, and the Federated states of Micronesia's recent policy decision to require vessels licensed to fish in its waters to transship from its ports (Hamnett and Pintz, 1996~. The transshipment facility continues to provide fuel and crew change service for a few longline vessels of Asian registry.
|
From page 128... ...
Foreign and domestic purse seiners and some foreign longliners transship, refuel, reprovision, exchange crews and provide crew rest and relaxation in Guam. This is a significant contribution to the Guam economy ranking Agana, Guam, the fourth largest port in the United States, in overall dollar value of commercially landed catch, at $91 million in 1996 (Table 6.3~.
|
From page 129... ...
129 Port Value of Landings (Millions of Dollars) Pago Pago, American Samoa Dutch Harbor-Unalaska, Alaska New Bedford, Massachusetts Agana, Guam Kodiak, Alaska Key West, Flonda Brownsville-Port Isabel, Texas Honolulu, Hawaii Point Judith, Rhode Island Empire-Venice, Louisiana 211.8 118.7 100.5 94.2 82.3 62.8 60.0 50.1 46.0 45.4 SOURCE: WPRFMC, 1997a small boat fleet is distributed through personal and family ties as well as through roadside vending.
|
From page 130... ...
Given the limited size of the continental shelves around the islands, the pelagic nature of much of the fishing activity, and apparently healthy fish stocks, the Council has not had to deal with as many contentious issues as the North Pacific Fishery Management Council. The Western Pacific Council has taken a proactive management role by establishing limited entry and a quota (and a TAC)
|
From page 131... ...
A permit moratorium was followed by the limited entry program created by Amendment 7 to the Pelagics Fishery Management Plan. Currently, there are fewer vessels actively fishing than permitted and there is economic uncertainty depending on vessel size and targeting strategy (Hamilton et al.1996~.
|
From page 132... ...
Most federal and state programs define eligibility for Hawaiian native programs as those individuals who can trace their ancestry to persons resident in Hawaii prior to the arrival of Captain James Cook in 1779. Hawaii Precious Coral Fishery The Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council also manages precious corals through a Fishery Management Plan with an adjustable quota.
|
From page 133... ...
4. The Western Pacific Council is developing plans for encouraging native communities to create Community Development Plans that are intended to increase participation by Native fishermen in the fisheries of the region, and has developed criteria for participation.
|
From page 134... ...
The Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council should take into consideration the Alaskan experience with Community Development Quota fisheries if it plans Community Development Programs in its region and tailors them to the specific conditions of western Pacific fisheries and communities. Steps could be taken to increase the fishing opportunities and degree of participation by native fishermen in western Pacific communities that borrow generally from the Alaskan experience and are
|
From page 135... ...
Definitions of eligible communities would need to be crafted carefully so the potential benefits accrue in an equitable fashion to native fishermen. If Community Development Programs show promise and potential, the Council could, over time, investigate additional sources of capital and other avenues such as additional permits and permit transfers to encourage greater participation in the fisheries by native people of the region.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.