The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

Index
Pages 487-496

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 487... ... , see Brandeis University Center for Employment and Income Studies Center for Studies in Social Policy, 130 Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII, 57 Community-based organizations (CBOs) , 72, 85, 87-88, 295 Community Services Administration, 79, 80, 96, 314, 315, 319 Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) Read the entire page →
From page 488... ... . SpeCl: 1C programs displacement, 54-55, 57, 72, 150-151, 155-157, 159, 294 Dropouts, see Out-of-school youths; specific employment programs E Earnings and wages discrimination in, 56 minimum wage laws, 54-55 prevailing wage issue, 29 4 reservation wage, 14, 62 subminimum wage, 294 youth/adult earnings ratio, 51-52 See also specific programs Economic changes, 53-54 Edelman, Peter, 327 Edes, Nik, 289, 291 Education, see School enrollment Educational attainment, YEDPA programs effect on, see specific programs Educational Testing Service, 6, 82, 97, 180, 320-321 Employment and Training Administration, 70, 73, 99, 281, 299 Employment and unemployment demand for labor, 53-58, 62-63 early unemployment, effects, 64 earnings figures, 51-52 employment-to-population rates, 2, 38-39, 65-67 entry into labor force, 49-51 family background effects, 63-64 frictional wage-search unemployment, 373-374 Read the entire page →
From page 489... ... 489 Hispanic youth, 410-461 inactivity rates, 46-49 in-school and out-of-school youth employment, 40-43 job turnover figures, 49-51 labor force participation rates, 43-46 overview, 1-2, 52, 67-68, 369-376 racial differences, statistical analysis of 1980 Census data, 367-409 seasonal and cyclical unemployment, 370-373 social background effects, 64-65, 348-366 structural unemployment, 374-376 supply of labor, 58-63 unemployment rates, 34-38, 65 youth cohort size effects, 2, 58-60, 67 Employment programs economic and racial isolation of, 88-89 effectiveness estimates derived from national data bases, 97, 175-181, 254-280 evaluation procedures, 3-4, 99-107, 220-230 improvement of evaluation methods, 231-243 improvement of quality and interpretability of evaluation reports, 243-246 in-school programs design, 26-27 jobs creation achievement, 21 JTPA framework, 28-30 local implementation, 6-7, 83-84 matching of needs and services, 91-92 planning and assembling of, 84-86 quality monitoring, 92-93 school dropouts' needs, 23-26 school systems' relationship, 22-24, 33, 84-85 staffing and organizing activities, 90-91 social context, 348-366 target groups, 105-106 targeting, recruiting, and enrolling participants, 7-8, 86-89 types and goals, 103-105 young women's participation, 27-28, 462-485 See also specific programs Employment Service, U.S., 82, 88 Energy Department, 79, 80, 97, 316, 319 Entitlement program, see Youth Incentive Entitlement Pilot Projects Equal Pay Act of 1962, 57 Esch, Marvin, 291 Executive Order 11246, 57 Expenditures, see Funding expenditures; specific programs F Family influences, 63-64 Federal agencies interagency agreements, 6, 79, 80, 96-97, 315-316, 318-319 intraagency projects, 6, 81-82, 97, 316-317, 319 program recruitment efforts, 88 Female employment, see Employment and unemployment; specific programs Financial assistance, 26 Funding and expenditures CETA expenditures, 75 YEDPA annual appropriation, 1, 69-70, 281 YEDPA discretionary and demonstration projects, 77-83 YEDPA expenditures, 73-77 See also specific programs Read the entire page →
From page 490... ... , 79, 80, 96 Humphrey, Hubert, 289, 290 I Immigrant labor, 58-59 Income maintenance program effects, 55 In-school youths, see School enrollment Interagency agreements, 6, 79, 80, 96-97, 315-316, 318-319 Interior Department, 74, 79, 97 Intermediary organizations, 6, 81, 83, 96, 314, 315, 318 Intraagency projects, 6, 81-82, 97, 316-317, 319 J Jackson, Henry, 289, 290 Javits, Jacob, 289, 290 Job Corps, 69, 73, 102, 281, 296, 299, 335 benefit-cost analyses, 110, 114 criminal activity, effect on, 10, 110, 112, 114 expenditures, 77, 283, 284 participation figures, 78 research design and results, 9-10, 16, 19, 110-116, 118 target group, program approach, and administration, 74, 108, 109, 111, 282 Job Corps Educational Improvement Effort (EIE) , 120-122, 126-127 University of Florida, 126 University of Kentucky, 126 Job Factory, 16, 161-163, 165-166 Cambridge, Mass., 165 Job Factory Voucher Program, 161-163, 166-167 Job placement programs, 15-16, 105, 161-174 Job Track, 161-163, 167 San Francisco, 167 Job Track II, 167 Job Training Longitudinal Survey Data Base (JTLS) Read the entire page →
From page 491... ... , 12, 82, 131, 317 Chicago, 131 Hartford, Conn., 131 Jersey City/Hoboken, N.J., 131 New York City (Bronx) , 131 San Juan, P.R., 131 National Urban League, 82, 295, 317, 321 Needs assessment, 91-92 Neighborhood Youth Corps, 335 Nelson, Gaylord, 289, 290 New Youth Initiatives in Apprenticeship, 10-11, 108-110, 116-118 Nichols, Donald, 325 Nonwhite employment, see Employment and unemployment; specific programs o Occupational skills training programs, 9-11, 25-26, 105, 108-118 Office of, see specific offices Ohio State University Center for Human Resource Research, 254 Olympus Research Centers, 167 Opportunities Industrialization Centers of America, Inc., 12, 130, 295 Out-of-school youths employment problems, 22-23, 61 Read the entire page →
From page 492... ... Career Exploration Program, 11, 82, 120-124, 135, 317 Remediation and Training Institute, 329 Research programs benefit-cost analyses, 16, 31, 110, 114, 144 comparison and control group methodology, 17-18, 30, 274-277 follow-up periods, 3, 19, 31. See also specific programs measures of implementation, 18-19, 30, 96-98 recommendations for, 30-32, 231-253 reports used, 83, 99-100, 220-230 sample undercoverage and attrition, 20-21, 205-209 as separate from service delivery, 32-33, 288, 340-342 subjective measurements used as proxy variables, 19-20, 31, 180-181, 195-198, 20C-202, 208-216 See also Youth knowledge development plan; specific programs Reservation wage, 14, 62 Rosen, Howard, 301, 309 S Sample undercoverage and attrition, 20-21, 205-209 Sarasin, Ronald, 291 School enrollment dropout problem, 22-26 education, effects on employment, 25, 61 employment during, 2, 40-43 Read the entire page →
From page 493... ... , 69, 73, 137, 281, 296, 299, 324 expenditures, 77, 79, 283 participation figures, 78, 284 reports disposition, 101, 102 research design and results, 14, 146, 148-151, 158, 160 restructure recommendation, 27 target group, program approach, and administration, 74, 147, 282 Supported Work, 16, 102, 137, 179 benefit-cost analyses, 144 research design and results, 12-13, 139, 142-144, 158-160 target group, program approach, and administra' Lion, 138, 141-142 Supported Work Youth Variation, 144 T Taggart, Robert, 299-304, 308-314, 321, 322, 324, 326-329, 331, 335, 339, 344 Target groups, 105-106. See also specific programs Targeting and recruiting, 7-8, 86-89 Temporary jobs programs, 12-15, 105, 137-160 Training programs, see Employment programs U Unemployment, see Employment and unemployment Unions, 72, 85 Urban Institute, 176, 177, 258, 264 Read the entire page →
From page 494... ... discretionary and demonstra tion project expenditures, 77-83 expenditures and participa tion, 73~77 funding, 1, 69-70, 281 implementation difficulties, 4-5, 98 legislative background, 70-72, 289-299 local implementation, 6-7, 83-93 mandate, 1, 69, 281 national implementation, 5-7, 72-83 objectives and evaluation, 21-23 See also specific program_ and issues Youth Employment and Training Program {YETP) , 69, 71, 73, 281, 299 expenditures, 77, 78, 283 participation figures, 78, 284 reports disposition, 101 target group, program approach, and administration, 74, 282 Youth Incentive Entitlement Pilot Projects (YIEPP) Read the entire page →
From page 495... ... 495 Phoenix, 152, 153, 155 political background, 71, 291, 292, 294, 300 reports disposition, 101, 102 research design and results, 14-15, 148, 152-160 target group, program approach, and administration, 74, 147, 151-152, 282 Youth knowledge development plan, 93-98, 281-347 analytical model, 281-289, 336-345 demise of, 329-331 design, 93-96, 304-311 evaluation of, 21-22 implementation, 96-98 influence on policy and practice, 331-336 organization and management, 299-303, 311-329 policy system, 324-329 Youth Programs, Office of (OYP) , 73 disbanding of, 330 staffing problems, 312-313 YEDPA management, 5-6, 93, 281, 283, 299-303 Youthwork, 6, 81, 314, 315, 318 Read the entire page →

From page 487...

... , see Brandeis University Center for Employment and Income Studies Center for Studies in Social Policy, 130 Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII, 57 Community-based organizations (CBOs) , 72, 85, 87-88, 295 Community Services Administration, 79, 80, 96, 314, 315, 319 Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA)

Read the entire page →

From page 488...

... . SpeCl: 1C programs displacement, 54-55, 57, 72, 150-151, 155-157, 159, 294 Dropouts, see Out-of-school youths; specific employment programs E Earnings and wages discrimination in, 56 minimum wage laws, 54-55 prevailing wage issue, 29 4 reservation wage, 14, 62 subminimum wage, 294 youth/adult earnings ratio, 51-52 See also specific programs Economic changes, 53-54 Edelman, Peter, 327 Edes, Nik, 289, 291 Education, see School enrollment Educational attainment, YEDPA programs effect on, see specific programs Educational Testing Service, 6, 82, 97, 180, 320-321 Employment and Training Administration, 70, 73, 99, 281, 299 Employment and unemployment demand for labor, 53-58, 62-63 early unemployment, effects, 64 earnings figures, 51-52 employment-to-population rates, 2, 38-39, 65-67 entry into labor force, 49-51 family background effects, 63-64 frictional wage-search unemployment, 373-374

Read the entire page →

From page 489...

... 489 Hispanic youth, 410-461 inactivity rates, 46-49 in-school and out-of-school youth employment, 40-43 job turnover figures, 49-51 labor force participation rates, 43-46 overview, 1-2, 52, 67-68, 369-376 racial differences, statistical analysis of 1980 Census data, 367-409 seasonal and cyclical unemployment, 370-373 social background effects, 64-65, 348-366 structural unemployment, 374-376 supply of labor, 58-63 unemployment rates, 34-38, 65 youth cohort size effects, 2, 58-60, 67 Employment programs economic and racial isolation of, 88-89 effectiveness estimates derived from national data bases, 97, 175-181, 254-280 evaluation procedures, 3-4, 99-107, 220-230 improvement of evaluation methods, 231-243 improvement of quality and interpretability of evaluation reports, 243-246 in-school programs design, 26-27 jobs creation achievement, 21 JTPA framework, 28-30 local implementation, 6-7, 83-84 matching of needs and services, 91-92 planning and assembling of, 84-86 quality monitoring, 92-93 school dropouts' needs, 23-26 school systems' relationship, 22-24, 33, 84-85 staffing and organizing activities, 90-91 social context, 348-366 target groups, 105-106 targeting, recruiting, and enrolling participants, 7-8, 86-89 types and goals, 103-105 young women's participation, 27-28, 462-485 See also specific programs Employment Service, U.S., 82, 88 Energy Department, 79, 80, 97, 316, 319 Entitlement program, see Youth Incentive Entitlement Pilot Projects Equal Pay Act of 1962, 57 Esch, Marvin, 291 Executive Order 11246, 57 Expenditures, see Funding expenditures; specific programs F Family influences, 63-64 Federal agencies interagency agreements, 6, 79, 80, 96-97, 315-316, 318-319 intraagency projects, 6, 81-82, 97, 316-317, 319 program recruitment efforts, 88 Female employment, see Employment and unemployment; specific programs Financial assistance, 26 Funding and expenditures CETA expenditures, 75 YEDPA annual appropriation, 1, 69-70, 281 YEDPA discretionary and demonstration projects, 77-83 YEDPA expenditures, 73-77 See also specific programs

Read the entire page →

From page 490...

... , 79, 80, 96 Humphrey, Hubert, 289, 290 I Immigrant labor, 58-59 Income maintenance program effects, 55 In-school youths, see School enrollment Interagency agreements, 6, 79, 80, 96-97, 315-316, 318-319 Interior Department, 74, 79, 97 Intermediary organizations, 6, 81, 83, 96, 314, 315, 318 Intraagency projects, 6, 81-82, 97, 316-317, 319 J Jackson, Henry, 289, 290 Javits, Jacob, 289, 290 Job Corps, 69, 73, 102, 281, 296, 299, 335 benefit-cost analyses, 110, 114 criminal activity, effect on, 10, 110, 112, 114 expenditures, 77, 283, 284 participation figures, 78 research design and results, 9-10, 16, 19, 110-116, 118 target group, program approach, and administration, 74, 108, 109, 111, 282 Job Corps Educational Improvement Effort (EIE) , 120-122, 126-127 University of Florida, 126 University of Kentucky, 126 Job Factory, 16, 161-163, 165-166 Cambridge, Mass., 165 Job Factory Voucher Program, 161-163, 166-167 Job placement programs, 15-16, 105, 161-174 Job Track, 161-163, 167 San Francisco, 167 Job Track II, 167 Job Training Longitudinal Survey Data Base (JTLS)

Read the entire page →

From page 491...

... , 12, 82, 131, 317 Chicago, 131 Hartford, Conn., 131 Jersey City/Hoboken, N.J., 131 New York City (Bronx) , 131 San Juan, P.R., 131 National Urban League, 82, 295, 317, 321 Needs assessment, 91-92 Neighborhood Youth Corps, 335 Nelson, Gaylord, 289, 290 New Youth Initiatives in Apprenticeship, 10-11, 108-110, 116-118 Nichols, Donald, 325 Nonwhite employment, see Employment and unemployment; specific programs o Occupational skills training programs, 9-11, 25-26, 105, 108-118 Office of, see specific offices Ohio State University Center for Human Resource Research, 254 Olympus Research Centers, 167 Opportunities Industrialization Centers of America, Inc., 12, 130, 295 Out-of-school youths employment problems, 22-23, 61

Read the entire page →

From page 492...

... Career Exploration Program, 11, 82, 120-124, 135, 317 Remediation and Training Institute, 329 Research programs benefit-cost analyses, 16, 31, 110, 114, 144 comparison and control group methodology, 17-18, 30, 274-277 follow-up periods, 3, 19, 31. See also specific programs measures of implementation, 18-19, 30, 96-98 recommendations for, 30-32, 231-253 reports used, 83, 99-100, 220-230 sample undercoverage and attrition, 20-21, 205-209 as separate from service delivery, 32-33, 288, 340-342 subjective measurements used as proxy variables, 19-20, 31, 180-181, 195-198, 20C-202, 208-216 See also Youth knowledge development plan; specific programs Reservation wage, 14, 62 Rosen, Howard, 301, 309 S Sample undercoverage and attrition, 20-21, 205-209 Sarasin, Ronald, 291 School enrollment dropout problem, 22-26 education, effects on employment, 25, 61 employment during, 2, 40-43

Read the entire page →

From page 493...

... , 69, 73, 137, 281, 296, 299, 324 expenditures, 77, 79, 283 participation figures, 78, 284 reports disposition, 101, 102 research design and results, 14, 146, 148-151, 158, 160 restructure recommendation, 27 target group, program approach, and administration, 74, 147, 282 Supported Work, 16, 102, 137, 179 benefit-cost analyses, 144 research design and results, 12-13, 139, 142-144, 158-160 target group, program approach, and administra' Lion, 138, 141-142 Supported Work Youth Variation, 144 T Taggart, Robert, 299-304, 308-314, 321, 322, 324, 326-329, 331, 335, 339, 344 Target groups, 105-106. See also specific programs Targeting and recruiting, 7-8, 86-89 Temporary jobs programs, 12-15, 105, 137-160 Training programs, see Employment programs U Unemployment, see Employment and unemployment Unions, 72, 85 Urban Institute, 176, 177, 258, 264

Read the entire page →

From page 494...

... discretionary and demonstra tion project expenditures, 77-83 expenditures and participa tion, 73~77 funding, 1, 69-70, 281 implementation difficulties, 4-5, 98 legislative background, 70-72, 289-299 local implementation, 6-7, 83-93 mandate, 1, 69, 281 national implementation, 5-7, 72-83 objectives and evaluation, 21-23 See also specific program_ and issues Youth Employment and Training Program {YETP) , 69, 71, 73, 281, 299 expenditures, 77, 78, 283 participation figures, 78, 284 reports disposition, 101 target group, program approach, and administration, 74, 282 Youth Incentive Entitlement Pilot Projects (YIEPP)

Read the entire page →

From page 495...

... 495 Phoenix, 152, 153, 155 political background, 71, 291, 292, 294, 300 reports disposition, 101, 102 research design and results, 14-15, 148, 152-160 target group, program approach, and administration, 74, 147, 151-152, 282 Youth knowledge development plan, 93-98, 281-347 analytical model, 281-289, 336-345 demise of, 329-331 design, 93-96, 304-311 evaluation of, 21-22 implementation, 96-98 influence on policy and practice, 331-336 organization and management, 299-303, 311-329 policy system, 324-329 Youth Programs, Office of (OYP) , 73 disbanding of, 330 staffing problems, 312-313 YEDPA management, 5-6, 93, 281, 283, 299-303 Youthwork, 6, 81, 314, 315, 318

Read the entire page →

← Previous Chapter Skim

This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.

Index Pages 487-496

Index
Pages 487-496