Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter I. Immediate Priorities and a Long-Range Research Portfolio (1998) / Chapter Skim
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1. Introduction
1. Introduction
Pages 15-24
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From page 15... ...
Outdoor particles originate from varied natural processes and human activities, including forest fires, wind erosion, agricultural practices, fossil-fuel combustion, industrial manufacturing, and the construction and use of builciings and roads. The particles can be emitted directly from the sources or formed in the atmosphere from gaseous precursors, such as sulfur dioxicle, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbon vapors.
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From page 16... ...
Concern about airborne particulate matter in recent years has been driven largely by epidemiological studies that have reported relatively consistent associations between outdoor particulate-matter levels and adverse health effects. However, assessing the specific health risks resulting from exposures to airborne particulate matter, and distinguishing these effects from those produced by gaseous copollutants, involves substantial scientific uncertainty about the influence of copollutants ant!
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From page 17... ...
Without knowing the most toxic particle constituents, the toxicological mechanisms through which they act, or the actual exposures experienced by people, a nationwide control strategy might reduce some kinds of particulate-matter exposures while failing to protect public health adequately, if the types of particulate matter controlled are not the most important in causing adverse health effects. In other words, at the present time, there is uncertainty as to what specific types or components of particulate matter need to be reduced to achieve substantial health-risk reduction cost effectively.
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1998-2003 PM25 monitoring data to be coffected nationwide. 2002 EPA will complete 5-year scientific review of PM2 5 standards, leading to possible .
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was retained. The new PM2 5 standards were developed by EPA largely on the basis of epidemiological studies that found relatively consistent but poorly understood associations between ambient particulate-matter concentrations and various adverse health effects, including premature (ex cess)
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From page 21... ...
to identify the most important research priorities relevant to setting and reviewing NAAQS for particulate matter, to develop a conceptual plan for particulate-matter research, and to monitor and report over 5 years on research progress toward improved understanding of the relationship between particulate matter and its effects upon public health. In response to the request from Congress, the Committee on Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter, which prepared this report, was established by the NRC in January 1998.
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From page 22... ...
In developing its research priorities, the committee has considered particulate matter not in isolation, but in the context ofthe mixture of air pollutants of which particulate matter is a part. Other air pollutants are also of public-health concern; they might have effects similar to particulate matter or might interact with it to cause adverse health effects.
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From page 23... ...
research topics linked to key scientific policy-relevant uncertainties and integrates the recommended research activities into a ~ 3-year research investment portfolio. The estimated cost and timing ofthe recommencled research activities are also presented in the committee's recommended research portfolio.
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From page 24... ...
The recommencied phasing and estimated costs ofthese research activities are integrated into a research investment portfolio in Chapter 5. In Chapter 6, the research priorities ant!
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