Welfare, the Family, and Reproductive Behavior Research Perspectives (1998) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 1-8
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From page 1... ...
In May 1996, the Committee on Population and the Board on Children, Youth, and Families of the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council and Institute of Medicine convened a workshop on the Effects of Welfare on the Family and Reproductive Behavior. Its purpose was to assess what the research community has learned from the studies that had been conducted to date, to identify gaps, and to suggest new areas of research that would be relevant 1
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program and replaced it with the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program, delegated most of the programmatic and budgetary responsibility for the new program to the states, mandated new work requirement and time limit provisions for the program, and modified in major dimensions the eligibility conditions and provisions of many other welfare programs.
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The most radical provisions are those converting the AFDC program to a block grant, those requiring time limits on receipt of benefits in the new TANF program, and the new work requirement mandates. Blank concludes by emphasizing that the PRWORA legislation merely pushed further trends that had already been occurring for several years, including an increasing emphasis on behavioral requirements as a condition of program eligibility (with particular emphasis on work behavior)
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show that there were only two types of waiver demonstrations, however, that directly addressed demographic issues. These were waivers testing a "family cap" a restriction on the increase in benefit payment to a welfare mother who has had an additional child and waivers relaxing the stringent eligibility requirements in the AFDCUP (unemployed parent)
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From page 5... ...
Currie provides considerable discussion of the methodological and statistical difficulties in assessing the true effects of the programs. Nevertheless, her review of the research yields one striking finding: unrestricted transfers such as AFDC and the Earned Income Tax Credit have relatively few discernible effects on children, but transfer programs that have specific targeting on children such as the school nutrition, WIC, and Head Start programs are much more likely to show positive effects.
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From page 6... ...
Certainly PRWORA both requires and allows changes in the programs that are more significant than the types of variations in the AFDC program used to estimate demographic effects in past behavioral and demonstration research. The work requirements of PRWORA go considerably beyond those of the traditional AFDC programs and beyond those of the Family Support Act of 1988, as clearly do the time limits, which have been tested in the past only in waiver form.)
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From page 7... ...
A project to study the administrative response to welfare reform has also been initiated by the Rockefeller Institute at the State University of New York at Albany. In addition, the research community can expect to see more traditional research studies conducted using well-known national surveys like the Current Population Survey, the Panel Study on Income Dynamics, the National Longitudinal Survey, and others, as well as using aggregate caseload data from the new welfare system.
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From page 8... ...
1988 Welfare, The Family, and Reproductive Behavior: Report of a Meeting. Committee on Population and Board on Children, Youth, and Families, National Research Council and Institute of Medicine.
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