Observations on the President's Fiscal Year 1999 Federal Science and Technology Budget (1998) / Chapter Skim
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· The cross-cutting initiatives in the president's budget target national goals requiring broad investment by a number of research agencies. Issues addressed in FY 1999 include climate-change technology, large-scale networking and high-end computing and computation, education, and emerging infectious diseases.
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, the RFFA is closely patterned on the Academies' Allocating Federal Funds report, which called for an integrated FS&T budget. Unlike FS&T, the RFFA does not include defense-related research.
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FUTURE PROJECTIONS OF THE FS&T BUDGET SHOW FUNDING FOR NIH AND NSF INCREASING DRAMATICALLY ABOVE FY 1994 LEVELS, WITH THE BUDGET FOR THE OTHER MAJOR RESEARCH AGENCIES REDUCED Figure 2 shows the current and projected change in the FS&T funding for four key research agencies: NSF, NIH, DOE, and DOD. The percentage change for various periods is shown in table 1 (for more in-depth information, see table Am.
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The agencies with reduced FS&T budgets are the major supporters of research and graduate education in some fields, and they provide a critical component of support for the national science and engineering enterprise. For example, agencies other than NIH and NSF provide 92% of federal funding -4
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For example, increases in support by NIH and NSF for academic research in the environmental and social/behavioral sciences have not compensated for decreased support from the other agencies; they are down 5.1% and 7.3% respectively. DOD, NASA, DOE, and other mission agencies provide a substantial proportion of federal funding for graduate students in the fields where they are the major federal funders~7% in physical sciences, 58% in mathematics, 64% in computer science, and 67 % in engineering.
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An in-depth study is warranted to learn the effect of the above funding changes for key science and engineering fields, including the effect on the number and quality of the graduate students in each field. SUCCESSFUL RESULTS FROM THE INCREASED FUNDING FOR NIH ALSO DEPEND ON THE HEALTH OF THE PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES As indicated in the NAS Beyond Discovery ser~es6, which uses well-known applications of science and technology to illustrate how research has led to breakthroughs that have greatly benefited society, every breakthrough stems from research conducted in many science and engineering fields.
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Physics also supplied the ingredi ents fundamental to many common clinical practices X rays, CAT scans, fiber optic viewing, laser surgery, ECHO cardiography and fetal sonograms. Materials science is helping with new joints, heart valves, and other tissue mimetics.
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Since FY 1994, NIH and NSF have received increased funding in real terms. This trend is projected by the administration to continue to FY 2003.
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R&D funding normally includes personnel, program-supervision, and administrative-support costs directly associated with R&D activities; laboratory equipment is also included. Defense R&D includes testing, evaluation, prototype development, and other activities that precede actual production (known as RDT&E)
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It does include about $3 billion in programs, primarily at NSF and NIH, that are not classified as R&D according to OMB categories. A comparison of the RFFA and the FS&T budget for the six largest research agencies is shown in figure 4 (in-depth information is provided in table A-3.
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