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From page 397... ... , 48-49 Accreditation of models, 2, 3-5, 74, 326-328, 330, 331, 332, 333-336 Accuracy of performance, 2-3, 53, 72, 74, 106, 259, 262, 263, 264 Acquisition simulation users, 11, 36-37 ACT-R (adaptive control of thought) , 54-59, 64, 66, 97, 106, 107, 108, 109, 132, 133, 134, 138, 187, 265, 266 table of functionalities, 98-105 Adaptive Combat Model, 216, 218-219 Adaptive planning models, 151, 156, 160, 161-162, 163, 216 Advanced air-to-air system performance evaluation model, 35 Aggregation of behavior, 13, 299, 321 decision making, general, 150- 151 see also Individual behavior; Organizational behavior; Team behavior; Unit-level behavior 397 Aggressiveness, 49, 151, 162, 163, 170, 250, 263 Air Force, 37, 112 AASPEM, 48-49 CBS, 46-47 EADSIM, 46 IFOR, 42-43 MIDAS, 75-79, 97, 179-180 modeling requirements, 20 ModSAF, 40 MTWS, 48 situation awareness, 176- 178, 191 Soar, 42-44, 50, 58, 66, 79, 90-96, 107, 108, 109, 132, 134, 137-138, 180181, 193, 218-219, 222-225 STOW, 36, 50, 95 TACBRAWLER, 49 see also Flight simulators; Helicopters Air Force Air Warrior Center, 36, 50 Air Force Systems Command, 37 AMP (automated mission planner) Read the entire page →
From page 398... ... 398 Anxiety and fear, 163, 242, 243, 244, 250, 253, 255, 256, 265, 267 Architectures, general, 5, 18, 320-321, 322 attention, general, 118- 119, 125- 126 behavior moderators, 244, 248, 259-268 C3 factors, 270-300 decision making, general, 162- 171 hybrid, 55, 108-110, 111, 149, 283, 298, 312 individual behavior, 2, 51- 111 information diffusion, 306-310 learning, general, 135-148 methodology, general, 320-342 modular development, 338 multitasking, general, 120-127 planning, general, 212-241 unitary, 337-338 unit-level behavior, 270-300 see also specific architectures Army, 35, 37, 179 AWSIM, 46 CBS, 46-47 CCTT, 34, 35, 47 CSSTSS, 46-47 JANUS, 35 MIDAS, 75-79, 97, 179-180 ModSAF, 40 NAC-VPM, 195 NVESD/NVL, 194 Soar, 43, 218 STOW, 36, 49-50 stress variables, 243, 247, 248 tactical planning, 204-215, 228-229, 323 TRADOC, 37 VISED, 195 WARSIM, 47 Army Aviation Applied Technology Directorate, 195 Army Concepts Analysis Agency, 37 Army Materiel Command, 37 Army Research Laboratory, 229 Army Space and Strategic Defense Command, 46 Army Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command Research, Development and Engineering Center, 195 INDEX ART (adaptive resonance theory) , 80, 83, 140, 143-148 Artificial intelligence, 10, 15, 135, 136-148, 322 ACT-R, 138-139 C3 factors, 281, 284-285 emotions, 260-261 environmental representations, 236, 238 IFOR, 42 planning, 203, 208, 228-229, 232, 233, 234-238 Soar, 42-44, 50, 58, 66, 79, 90-96, 137 138 unit-level behavior, 274, 281, 284-285, 293-294 see also Neural networks Assessment, see Accreditation of models; Validation of models; Verification of models Attention, 2, 16, 18, 112-119, 120-121, 125128, 172, 258 automatic processing and, 114, 115, 116, 123 decision making, general, 150, 161, 163 divided, 117-118 focused, 117 individual behavior architectures, 268 ACT-R, 55 COGNET, 59-60, 61 HOS, 67, 69, 70-71 neural networks, 146 MIDAS, 76, 78, 79 SAMPLE, 88, 89 learning, 113- 115, 128 obsessiveness, 255 planning, 239 selective, 115, 117, 118- 119 situation awareness, 174, 177 skill level, 114, 115, 116 see also Multitasking Attitudes, 130, 151, 155, 162, 163, 164, 167, 170, 244, 252, 255-256, 268 information diffusion/belief, 302, 308, 310-311, 312, 313-314, 316 see also Belief formation and diffusion Attrition, battlefield, 12, 243, 270 Read the entire page →
From page 399... ... , 46 B Battalion task forces, 35, 212, 224, 225, 322 CBS, 47 CCTT, 47 JANUS, 45 vector-in-command, 46 WARSIM, 47 Bayesian methods, 101, 138, 165 belief networks, 181, 182-183, 186-192, 201, 264, 312-313 Behavior moderators, general, 2, 18, 67, 199, 202, 242-268 history of research, 243 training, 243, 244, 258, 259, 264 see also Psychological factors; Workload and fatigue Belief formation and diffusion, 18, 109, 244, 256, 296 belief networks, 181, 182-183, 186-192, 201, 264, 312-313 C3 factors, 286 communications technology, 315-316 399 decision theory, 150, 168 information diffusion, 302, 303, 306-307, 308-319 see also Uncertainty Benchmarks, 3, 5, 338-339 Blackboard systems, 60, 61, 76, 182, 201, 229, 238 Brigade-level behavior, 26, 212, 270 CASTFOREM, 45 CBS, 47 CCTT, 47 CoVRT, 216, 218-219 JANUS, 45 WARSIM, 47 BRS (battlefield reasoning system) , 220-221, 228, 229-230 C C3, see Command, control and communications Calibration, 327-328 CAPS, 58 Case-based approaches, 185-186, 236, 320321 behavior moderators, 263 decision making, general, 161-162 learning, 128, 139-141, 149 planning, 231-232, 233, 236-237 situation awareness, 182, 185-186, 191, 197, 202 see also Expert systems, Neural networks, Rule-based models CASTFOREM (combined arms task force effectiveness model) Read the entire page →
From page 400... ... , 297 Coalition forces, see International coalition forces COGNET (COGnition as a NEtwork of Tasks) , 59-63, 71, 97, 106, 108 table of functionalities, 98-105 Cognitive processes, general, 9, 10, 14, 31, 324-326 as behavior moderators, 244 C3 factors, 271, 277 cultural factors, 25, 256-258 defined, 52-53 fatigue and, 246 individual combatant architectures, 53, 109, 137, 271, 272 ACT-R, 54-59, 265, 266 COGNET, 59, 63 EPIC, 58, 63-64, 65, 95, 107 HOS, 67, 69, 107 Micro Saint, 74 MIDAS, 76, 225-226 Neural networks, 79-84 OMAR, 85 Soar, 90-96, 226, 265, 266 MCSF, 41 multitasking, general, 120, 125, 128 obsessiveness, 255 situation awareness, 174, 176, 199 Soar, 42-44, 50, 58, 66, 79, 90-96, 109, 137 unit-level behavior, 271, 272, 277, 292, 299 workload, 150, 163, 170, 248-250, 259 see also Artificial intelligence; Attention; Decision making; Individual behavior; Knowledge representation; Learning; Memory; Neural networks; Planning; Reasoning abilities; Task analysis Command behavior, 1, 9, 12, 13, 33, 243, 265-268, 270, 297 AMP, 227-228 INDEX CBS (Corps Battle Simulation) Read the entire page →
From page 401... ... , 216-217, 218-219 Crew behavior, see Team behavior CSIM (crew/system integration model) , 87 CSSTSS (combat service support training support simulation) Read the entire page →
From page 402... ... , 230-231 Dynamic social impact theory, 309-310 EEADSIM (Extended Air Defense Simulation) , 46 Eagle, 46 Echelon effects, 12, 32, 41, 169, 201, 204, 206, 207-208, 214, 232-233 Education and training, see Training, general Emotions, 162, 166-167, 242, 244, 252, 254255, 260-261, 264, 266, 268 anger, 250 anxiety and fear, 163, 242, 243, 244, 250, 253, 255, 256 depression, 255, 265, 267 fatigue and, 246 information diffusion and, 310 neural networks, 83, 143 regret, 166-167 Emulation models, 275, 328 Read the entire page →
From page 403... ... INDEX Enemy detection and assessment, 1, 13, 38, 113, 282-284 AASPEM, 48 C3 factors, 270, 271, 273, 283 CBS, 47 emotions and, 261 expertise, 251-252 JANUS, 45 JWARS, 50 memory, general, 131 METT-T, 22, 198, 204-205, 265, 324 NSS, 48 obsessive leader, 266 planning, 205, 220-221, 227 platoon behavior, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26-27, 31-32, 205, 265-266 situation awareness, 174, 189, 191 SUTT, 42, 220-221 unit-level behavior, 269-270 see also Friendly forces; Target identification and handoff Environmental protection, 35, 245 Environmental representations, 6, 13, 121,339 artificial intelligence, 236, 238 C3 factors, 271, 296 contextual effects, 215 decision making, general, 150, 169 exemplar-based models, 140 fields of fire, 23-24 individual behavior, COGNET, 60 EPIC, 65 MIDAS, 76 Soar, 109 modeling requirements, 20 neural networks, 141, 143 NSS, 48 obsessiveness and, 255 planning, general, 23-24, 205, 208, 212, 236, 238 situation awareness and, 173, 174, 192193, 197 stressors, 242, 243, 245-248, 259 TAEMS, 295-296 unit-level behavior, 271, 289, 295, 296 urban areas, 42, 194, 207 403 see also Avenues of approach; Humanmachine interaction; Spatial dimension; Terrain; Weather EPIC (executive-process interactive control) , 58, 63-67, 95, 97, 108, 109, 126, 132 table of functionalities, 98-105 Errors, decision making, 114, 130, 134, 151, 152, 159, 163-171 C3 factors, 279 individual behavior architectures, 68, 74, 78, 79, 80, 91, 92, 142, 143-144, 259 information diffusion, 309, 311, 318 neural networks, 79, 80, 142, 143-144 Estimation theory, see Control and estimation theory Evaluation, see Accreditation of models; Research methodology; Research recommendations; Validation of models Exemplars, see Case-based approaches Expected utility models, 152- 154, 163 Expected value models, 152 Experimental data, see Laboratory data Expertise, domain, 244, 251-252 learning, general, 130- 131 multitasking, 127 planning, 235, 240 see also Skill level Expert judgment, 10, 17-18, 41, 322, 326 interdisciplinary teams, 5 model validation, 4 Expert systems, 136, 182, 183- 184, 276, 283 CCTT SAF, 41 planning, 216, 228-231 situation awareness, 182, 183-184, 201, 202, 263 F Fatigue, see Workload and fatigue Fear, see Anxiety and fear Feedback, 15, 81, 135, 141, 158, 162, 238, 244, 250, 255, 278, 286, 298, 339 Fidelity, see Simulation fidelity Read the entire page →
From page 404... ... , 234-235 Ground forces MTWS, 48 STOW, 50 see also Infantry; Platoon behavior; Terrain Ground vehicles, 13, 20, 21-22, 38, 189-190 CCTT, 34, 47 CCTT SAF, 41 Micro Saint, 74 MIDAS, 75 ModSAF, 40 neural networks, 82 see also Tanks Group behavior, 19 C3 factors, 271 information dissemination, 303, 307 multitasking, 128 transactive memory, 314-315 see also Organizational behavior; Team behavior; Unit-level behavior H HARDMAN III, 73 Hearing, see Auditory perception INDEX Helicopters, 16, 26, 31, 32 CCTT, 34, 35, 47 CFOR, 44 IFOR, 42-43 MIDAS, 75-79, 97, 179-180, 225-226 table of functionalities, 98-105, 218219 Soar, 42-43, 44, 95, 218 HOS (human operator simulator) , 67-71, 73, 74, 97, 106, 107, 108 table of functionalities, 98-105 Human-machine interaction, 67-71, 73, 7579, 84-96, 97, 106, 107, 108, 110, 111, 218-219, 225-226, 257 situation awareness, 179-180, 191 see also Flight simulators; Man-in-the loop models HyperCard, 57 I IFOR (intelligent forces) Read the entire page →
From page 405... ... , 73 J JANUS, 35, 45 Japan, 256 JAVA, 86 JCATS (joint combat operations) , 50 JCM (joint conflict model) Read the entire page →
From page 406... ... , 35, 50 K Knowledge representation C3 factors, 274, 279, 282, 293 declarative vs procedural, defined 55 group memory and, 314-315 individual behavior architectures, 55, 106 ACT-R, 55, 56, 57, 100, 101, 106 COGNET, 60, 61, 100, 101 comparative table, 100, 101 EPIC, 64, 100, 101 HOS, 71, 100 Micro Saint, 74, 100, 101 MIDAS, 76, 100, 101 neural networks, 83-84, 100, 142 OMAR, 84, 100, 101, 106 SAMPLE, 88-89, 100, 101 Soar, 92, 93, 100, 101, 276 information diffusion, 308 memory, general, 131-132, 314-315 planning, general, 206, 213, 215(n.8) , 232, 235 structural factors, 56, 57, 93, 94, 133 unit-level behavior, 274, 276, 279, 282, 293 see also Situation assessment/awareness L Laboratory data, 2, 3, 4, 299 NIH/NSF, 7 Leadership, see Command behavior Learning, 2, 6, 130, 135-149, 241 attention/multitasking, general, 113- 115, 128 INDEX C3 factors, 271, 273, 284, 285-287, 296, 299 case-based, 128, 139-141, 149 chunking, 92, 93, 116, 137, 138, 197(n.1) Read the entire page →
From page 407... ... , 75-79, 97, 179180, 225-226, 231 table of functionalities, 98-105, 218-219 Missile systems AASPEM, 48-49 EADSIM, 46 TACBRAWLER, 49 Mission planning and preparation, 11, 203 AASPEM, 48 JWARS, 50 MIDAS, 76, 77 NSS, 48 platoons, 20, 22-30, 265 rehearsal, 20, 29-30, 208, 265 situation awareness, 174 Soar/STOW models, 43 Models and simulations, general accreditation of, 2, 3-5 attention, general, 118- 119, 125- 126 behavior moderators, 244, 248, 259-268 belief formation, 310-215 benchmarks, 3, 5, 338-339 C3, 270-300 (passim) current, 19, 33-51; see specific types infra and supra tables of functionalities, 39, 98-105 decision making, general, 162- 171 definitional issues, 10-14, 33-35 DMSO role, general, 8 framework for development of, 2-7, 330340 individual behavior architectures, 51- 111 information diffusion, 306-310 learning, general, 135-148 memory, general, 131- 135 methodology, general, 320-342 military requirements, 19-38 multitasking, general, 120-127 planning, general, 212-241 platoon behavior, 20-33 unit-level behavior, 270-300 see also specific models and types of models (e.g., Multiagent models) Read the entire page →
From page 408... ... , 48 Multiagent models, 318 planning, 221, 229 situation awareness, 181- 182 unit-level behavior, 271, 274, 279, 288, 289, 292-295, 298 Multiattribute utility, 154- 155 Multidisciplinary teams, see Interdisciplinary teams Multinational forces, see International coalition forces Multitasking, 2, 112-116, 119-128 automatism and, 114, 115, 116 divided attention, 117-118 individual behavior architectures, 52, 53, 107, 111, 268 ACT-R, 55, 102-103, 107, 109 COGNET, 59-63, 102-103 comparative table, 102- 103 EPIC, 58, 63-67, 102-103, 109, 126 INDEX HOS, 67, 70, 102- 103 Micro Saint, 71-75, 102-103 MIDAS, 76-77, 102-103 neural networks, 102- 103, 125, 128 OMAR, 84, 102-103, 126 SAMPLE, 87-90, 102-103 Soar, 91, 94, 95, 102-103 motor behavior, 120, 125, 128 procedures, 114, 115, 123 psychological factors, 120, 122-125, 126127 selective attention, 115, 117 situation awareness, 172 skill level, 122, 125 time factors, 120-121, 124, 125, 126 N NAC-VPM (National Automotive Center Visual Perception) , 195 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 95, 179 National Institutes of Health, 7 National Science Foundation, 7 Natural language, 94-95, 299, 319 Naval Air Warfare Center, 42 Naval forces, 20, 35-36, 37, 228-229 ModSAF, 40 NSS, 35, 36, 44, 48, 220-221 Soar, 43 Naval Systems Command, 37 Networked virtual simulations see Distributed interactive simulations Network techniques, 34, 35, 72, 133, 216, 225, 253, 259, 321-325 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 409... ... , 8486, 97, 106, 108, 126 table of functionalities, 98- 105, 107 Operating procedures, see Standard operating procedures OPFOR (opposing forces) , see Enemy detection and assessment Optimization techniques, 59, 204, 211, 214, 219, 232, 233, 271, 281, 285, 288, 298, 299 ORGAHEAD, 296, 321 Organizational behavior, 1-2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 17, 19, 275, 322, 325 CBS, 47 JANUS, 45 moderators, general, 2 platoons, 21 vector-in-command, 46 see also Command behavior; Command, control and communications; Group behavior; Information dissemination; Information warfare; Unit-level behavior 409 p Pacific operations, 35-36 Pandemonium theory, 127 Pattern matching/recognition, 328, 333 behavior moderators, 244, 252, 253, 256 decision making, 168- 169 individual behavior architectures, 55, 80, 81, 85 information dissemination, 304, 307, 309, 310 learning, 138-147 situation awareness, 173, 178, 180 unit-level behavior, 273, 281, 294-295 Perception, 2, 261-262, 267, 326 decision making, general, 150, 158, 230 estimation models, 193- 194 individual combatant architectures, 52, 53, 109, 111 ACT-R, 57, 98, 109 COGNET, 60, 61, 63, 98 comparative table, 98 EPIC, 63-64, 98, 109 HOS, 68, 69, 98 MCSF, 41, 98 MIDAS, 75, 76, 98 OMAR, 85, 98 SAMPLE, 87, 98 Soar, 91, 92, 95, 98, 180-181 multitasking, general, 126, 127 neural networks, 141 planning, 230, 233-234 selective attention, 115 situation awareness, 173, 174, 192- 194, 200, 201 see Auditory perception; Sensory behavior; Visual perception PERFECT (performance effectiveness for combat troops) Read the entire page →
From page 410... ... , 240 situation awareness in, 173, 175, 198 199, 204, 210, 212, 215, 217, 230, 233-234 skill level, 233, 241 specific models, 216-240 staff-level, 204, 207, 209, 210, 212, 214 217, 219, 230 INDEX structural factors, 214, 222, 226, 235 time factors, 206, 207, 208, 211, 212, 214-215, 224, 226, 235-236, 267 uncertainty, 214, 215, 236, 239 see also Intelligence, military information; Mission planning and preparation; Strategy; Tactical behavior Platoon behavior, 20-33, 265 attention/multitasking, 113, 114, 116 CCTT SAF, 41, 47 enemy detection and assessment, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26-27, 31-32, 205, 265266 MCSF, 41 ModSAF, 40 planning, 20, 22-30, 204-205, 207 SUTT, 42 Political processes, 15, 299 Power distance, 257 Prediction C3 factors, 271 decision making, general, 158 force effectiveness, 37 individual behavior architectures, COGNET, 62 EPIC, 63 HOS, 68 neural networks, 80 learning, exemplar-based models, 139 model analysis, general, 4, 335 neural networks, 142 situation awareness, 173, 178, 188 war outcomes, 12 see also Planning Probability, 42, 45, 112, 121, 239, 242, 256, 264 decision making, general, 154, 156-161, 162, 164, 170 individual behavior architectures, 56, 57, 61,69,71,72,88,92, 105, 111 learning, 138-141, 148 situation awareness, 186-192, 194, 197198 unit-level behavior, 284, 288 see also Bayesian methods; Stochastic processes Read the entire page →
From page 411... ... , 245, 246, 247, 259, 260 Psychological factors, 2, 5, 14-15, 16, 17, 51, 244, 322 individual behavior architectures, 111 COGNET, 63 EPIC, 65, 66, 67 Micro Saint, 74 MIDAS, 79 OMAR, 86 Soar, 91 multitasking, general, 120, 122-125, 126127 411 obsessiveness, 255, 265-266, 267 see Cognitive processes; Cultural factors; Emotions; Personality; Stress Q Quality control, 3, 17 see also Accreditation of models; Costeffectiveness; Validation of models Queuing theory, 120- 121, 122 R Random utility models, 156- 158, 160, 163, 170 Rank-dependent utility, 154, 163 Reactive behavior, 21, 53, 85, 109 Real-time data/processes, 12-13 C3, 287 EPIC, 65 Micro Saint, 74 NSS, 48 OMAR, 86 Soar, 91, 94, 95 see also Virtual simulations Real-world data, 2, 3, 13, 95, 322, 327-328, 333, 339 C3 factors, 297 learning/memory, 149 planning, 217 workload and fatigue, 248 Regret, 166-167 REM (retrieving effectively from memory) , 133 Research methodology, 15, 18, 320-328 accreditation, 2, 3-5, 326-328, 330, 331, 332, 333-336 framework for model development, 2-7, 330-340 NIH/NSF, 7 report methodology and scope, ix, 10, 17 task analysis, 322, 323, 324-326, 331, 333, 336, 341 see specific methodologies (e.g., Statistical analyses) Read the entire page →
From page 412... ... , 294-295 Sensory behavior, 10, 97, 325 decision making, general, 158 detection/identification of enemy/friendly forces, 13 individual behavior architectures, 52, 53 ACT-R, 55, 98 comparative table, 98 EPIC, 64, 98 ModSAF, 40, 98 neural networks, 83, 98, 144 OMAR, 84, 98 SAMPLE, 87, 98 selective attention and, 118 situation awareness and, 178, 182, 193, 201 toxins, effect on, 246 see also Auditory perception; Visual perception Sequential sampling models, 156, 158- 162, 163, 170 Read the entire page →
From page 413... ... , 191 intelligence, military information, 21, 50, 201 JWARS, 50 learning, general, 130-131, 185-186, 197 198,202 MCSF, 41 memory, 177, 185, 197 MIDAS, 76, 79, 101 ModSAF, 40 motor behavior, 178, 194- 195 multiagent models, 181-182 other modes, relation to, 192-199 pattern recognition, 173, 178, 180 perception, general, 173, 174, 192-194, 200, 201 planning, general, 173, 175, 198-199, 204, 209, 210, 212, 214, 215, 217, 230, 233-234 platoon leaders, 23-27, 32 413 prediction, general, 173, 178, 188 probability, 186-192, 194, 197-198 problem solving, 176, 178, 197 procedures, 179, 183, 193 reasoning abilities, 178, 181, 182, 183, 187, 188, 199, 201 research recommendations, 173, 199-202 rule-based models, 178, 193, 196- 197, 201 SAMPLE, 88, 101 sensory behavior, 178, 182, 193, 201 auditory perception, 200 visual perception, 181, 194- 196, 200 spatial dimension, 174, 195- 196 staff-level, 198, 199 statistical analyses, 198, 202 structural factors, 185, 192, 197, 199, 202 SUTT, 42, 179 tactical behavior, 173, 175, 182, 185, 191, 197, 201 team behavior, 174, 176, 202 uncertainty, 175, 178, 181, 186, 187, 192, 199, 201 validation of models, 191, 201-202 types of, 177- 181 Skill level, general, 48, 84, 136, 138, 139, 168, 242, 262, 263, 264, 323 attention, 114, 115, 116 memory, 129, 130 multitasking, 122, 125 planning, 233, 241 unit-level behavior, 279, 280, 282, 294, 298 see also Expertise, domain; specific skills Sleep loss, 248, 259, 268 Soar, 42-44, 50, 58, 66, 79, 90-96, 107, 108, 109, 132, 134, 137-138, 180-181, 193, 222-225, 231, 265, 266, 275, 276, 294-295, 299, 337 C3 factors, 272, 276, 294-295, 299 table of functionalities, 98-105, 218-219 Sociological factors, 2, 5, 9, 15, 16, 17, 289, 291, 293-294, 322 see also Belief formation and diffusion; Cultural factors; Information warfare; Organizational behavior Read the entire page →
From page 414... ... , 204, 209 STAMIS (standard Army management information system) , 47 Standard operating procedures, 2, 219, 225 behavior moderators, 242-243 flight simulation, 87 joint/combined forces, 38 unit-level behavior, 272, 296, 299-300 see also Doctrine Standards decision making models, 169 military language, decision making, 166, 169 see Accreditation of models; Doctrine; Quality control; Validation of models Statistical analyses accreditation/validation, 3, 327-328, 334 battle outcomes, 11 belief updating, 109 C3 architectures, 271, 280-281 cultural factors, 283 decision models, 158 INDEX environmental variables, 65 individual behavior architectures, 65, 80, 88 memory/learning, 134, 141, 145 neural networks, 80, 134, 141 situation awareness, 198, 202 see also Bayesian methods; Probability Stochastic processes, 4, 34, 45, 46, 69, 71, 156, 158, 196, 237 STOW (synthetic theater of war) Read the entire page →
From page 415... ... , 295296 Tanks, 20-33, 111, 112, 113, 116, 117, 121, 130, 190, 204-205, 207 CCTT, 34, 35, 47 Micro Saint, 74 TARDEC Visual Model, 195-196 Target identification and handoff, 21, 26, 84, 117, 143, 157 see also Enemy detection and assessment Task analysis, 5, 51, 169 C3 factors and, 270, 272, 276, 277, 279280, 282, 290-292, 294, 297-300 DMSO role, 8 IMPRINT, 71, 243, 259-260, 268 individual behavior architectures, 109, 324 ACT-R, 55 COGNET, 59-63 HOS, 67, 70 Micro Saint, 71-75 MIDAS, 76-78, 226 OMAR, 84, 85 PERFECT, 248 methodology, general, 322, 323, 324326, 331, 333, 336, 341 ModSAF, 40 situation awareness, 174 Soar, 42-44, 93, 94, 223, 225, 226 structural factors, 6, 123, 126, 304, 326, 336 SUTT, 42 TAEMS, 295-296 team behavior, 243 unit-level behavior, 243, 270, 272, 276, 277, 279-280, 282, 289-292, 294, 295-296, 299-300, 322, 324 see also Multitasking TAWL (task analysis work load) , 71 Team behavior, 1, 112, 212, 322 C3 factors, 270, 271, 272, 277 CASTFOREM, 45 communications, 14 JANUS, 45 modeling requirements, 19-20, 33 Read the entire page →
From page 416... ... , 37, 40, 45, 46, 47 Training, general of modeling professionals, 7-8, 341 individual combatant architectures, 58, 82, 86, 94 of personnel, 1, 2, 11, 12, 32, 33, 35-36, 37, 42, 45, 46-48, 59, 63, 81, 283, 289, 334 automatism and, 116 behavior moderators, 243, 244, 258, 259, 264 decision making, general, 165 gaming prevention, 20 joint services, 11, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 49-50 memory, general, 130 mismatched, 282 mission rehearsal, 20, 29-30, 208, 265 situation awareness, 176-177 staff-level, 36, 46, 49 see also Learning; Skill level; War games TTES (computer-controlled hostilities for team target engagement simulator) Read the entire page →
From page 417... ... , 282, 283, 292, 293, 300, 302, 325 SUTT, 42 417 task analysis, 243, 270, 272, 276, 277, 279-280, 282, 289-292, 294, 295296, 299-300, 322, 324, 325 see also Platoon behavior; Team behavior Urban areas, 42, 194, 207, 219 Utility theory, 152- 162, 163, 196- 197 V Validation of models, 4, 8, 10, 17, 326-328 C3 factors, 297 individual behavior architectures, 108, 110, 111 ACT-R, 58, 105 COGNET, 62, 63, 105 comparative table, 105 EPIC, 66, 67, 105 HOS, 67, 70, 105, 108 Micro Saint, 73-74, 105, 108 MIDAS, 78-79, 105 neural networks, 83, 105 OMAR, 86, 105 SAMPLE, 90, 105 Soar, 94-95, 105 information diffusion, 317, 318-319 learning/memory, 149 methodology, general, 320, 322, 326328, 334-335, 341 multitasking, general, 127, 128 planning, general, 216-217 situation awareness, 191, 201-202 unit-level behavior, 297, 298 VDT (virtual design team) , 279-280, 291, 292, 294, 316, 321 Vector-in-command, 46, 265 Verification of models, 4, 10, 74, 326, 327, 334 Vibration, as stressor, 247 VIEWNET, 143 Virtual simulations, general, 37-38, 40, 47, 74-75, 106 constructive simulations linked with, 35, 36, 40, 43, 46, 47, 48, 49-50, 73, 74, 75, 86 Read the entire page →
From page 418... ... , 259, 268, 284 Workload and fatigue, 2, 123, 124, 172, 242, 243, 244-250, 259, 333 C3 factors, 279 decision making, general, 150, 163, 170, 248 individual behavior architectures, 63, 71, 72, 74, 76, 265, 268 physical, 244, 245, 246, 248 planning, 224 platoon behavior, 21, 22, 32 sleep loss, 248, 259, 268 temperature and, 245, 247 see also Multitasking Read the entire page →

From page 397...

... , 48-49 Accreditation of models, 2, 3-5, 74, 326-328, 330, 331, 332, 333-336 Accuracy of performance, 2-3, 53, 72, 74, 106, 259, 262, 263, 264 Acquisition simulation users, 11, 36-37 ACT-R (adaptive control of thought) , 54-59, 64, 66, 97, 106, 107, 108, 109, 132, 133, 134, 138, 187, 265, 266 table of functionalities, 98-105 Adaptive Combat Model, 216, 218-219 Adaptive planning models, 151, 156, 160, 161-162, 163, 216 Advanced air-to-air system performance evaluation model, 35 Aggregation of behavior, 13, 299, 321 decision making, general, 150- 151 see also Individual behavior; Organizational behavior; Team behavior; Unit-level behavior 397 Aggressiveness, 49, 151, 162, 163, 170, 250, 263 Air Force, 37, 112 AASPEM, 48-49 CBS, 46-47 EADSIM, 46 IFOR, 42-43 MIDAS, 75-79, 97, 179-180 modeling requirements, 20 ModSAF, 40 MTWS, 48 situation awareness, 176- 178, 191 Soar, 42-44, 50, 58, 66, 79, 90-96, 107, 108, 109, 132, 134, 137-138, 180181, 193, 218-219, 222-225 STOW, 36, 50, 95 TACBRAWLER, 49 see also Flight simulators; Helicopters Air Force Air Warrior Center, 36, 50 Air Force Systems Command, 37 AMP (automated mission planner)

Index Pages 397-418

Index
Pages 397-418