Pesticide Resistance Strategies and Tactics for Management (1986) / Chapter Skim
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Managing Resistance to Rodenticides
Managing Resistance to Rodenticides
Pages 236-244
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From page 236... ...
Several attempts to manage resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides in the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus, are reviewed, and the responses of users, suppliers of rodenticides, and official agencies to the problem of resistance are discussed. Although improvements in rodent-control techniques and further analysis of genetical-ecological aspects of the problem would be useful, the technical means for making long-term progress already exist.
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From page 237... ...
PRACTICAL ATTEMPTS TO MANAGE RESISTANCE IN BRITAIN Nipping Resistance in the Bud For several years Britain maintained official vigilance for new outbreaks of resistance using the procedures described by Drummond and Rennison (1973) and tried to exterminate the resistant rats with acute rodenticides.
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From page 238... ...
Eradicating Widely Established Resistant Populations A pilot scheme to eradicate warfarin-resistant rats was conducted in a rural area of five square miles in Wales, using the acute rodenticides zinc phosphide, arsenious oxide, antu, and norbormide (Bentley and Drummond, 19651. It failed because of the limited efficacy of the available rodenticides and also probably because such a small experimental area is vulnerable to invasion by rats from the surrounding countryside.
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From page 239... ...
Two independent studies in Britain suggest that this physiological defect alone may eliminate resistance from natural populations when artificial selection with anticoagulant rodenticides is withheld. In the first study, when acute rodenticides were substituted for anticoagulants in a sizable experimental area, the frequency of phenotypic resistance decreased steadily from 57 to 39 percent in two years.
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From page 240... ...
the process of developing new rodenticides to counter new forms of resistance can be repeated indefinitely. The essential question to ask about any technique in the context of resistance management is not whether it can control resistant rats but whether it can control resistant rats selectively, because only then will it be possible to reverse the evolution of resistance or prevent it from proceeding at its natural pace.
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From page 241... ...
Despite these difficulties several new rodenticides have reached the market, thus lessening the resistance problem. When new rodenticides with a useful degree of toxicity to resistant strains are registered, normal marketing strategy dictates that they be promoted for their "anti-resistant" and other favorable properties.
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From page 242... ...
Official agencies are usually responsible for administering legislation concerned with the control of infestations and the use of rodenticides. They are in a powerful position to influence whatever action is taken to manage resistance in rodent populations.
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From page 243... ...
The exigencies of rodent control in the real world create pressures, however, that predispose the various participants to cooperate involuntarily in the continued evolution of resistance rather than to reverse or retard it. Progress has been made in areas of technique, but rodenticide resistance continues to develop, probably because resistance, like communicable disease, cuts across the boundaries of most ordinary management structures.
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From page 244... ...
1979. Relative fitness of genotypes in a population of Rattus norvegicus polymorphic for warfarin resistance.
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