Pesticide Resistance Strategies and Tactics for Management (1986) / Chapter Skim
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Case Histories of Anticoagulant Resistance
Case Histories of Anticoagulant Resistance
Pages 355-370
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From page 355... ...
Management of rodent populations is importantfor aesthetic, economic, and public health reasons. INTRODUCTION Anticoagulant rodenticides introduced in the 1950s selected for resistance within a decade, first in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)
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~- ~ , 1 ~ ~ Y \ \ OWL , , ~ , .. 1 1 1 o 1 1 1 1 ~ ~r~ J · Cities with resistant populations of Norway rats a Cities without resistant Norway rat populations Identified , ~a ~° ; ~~ ~ -- · ~ ~ ·~ N.e a/ -~ (~ ma FIGURE 1 Distribution of warfar~n-resistant Norway rat populations in the United States.
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From page 357... ...
They will also show how and why control programs, if done improperly, can create greater problems. CHICAGO The Chicago Rat Control Program began in June 1952, although rodent control efforts had begun years earlier.
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358 Cal Cal 4 V)
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Cyanide gas operations provided visible (political) evidence of rodent control but offered little overall reduction in rats, because gassings were confined to burrows in alleyways or away from structures and domestic animals.
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The ineffective applications of anticoagulant baits meant that rats with the resistant allele survived, and enough target-area rats remained to facilitate rapid breeding. Populations quickly rebuilt, and when warfarin baits were distributed again, resistant genotypes tended to be selected.
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From page 361... ...
House mouse populations generally are confined to a single building (or a single house in a city) , and treatment patterns may vary greatly.
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Laboratory studies (conducted at the Bowling Green State University Rodent Research Laboratory) of mice collected at the site revealed that 76 percent were resistant to warfarin.
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From page 363... ...
Data Base United States In the combined efforts at Bowling Green State University and the New York State Department of Health, more than 10,000 Norway and roof rats collected from over 100 locations have been examined (Jackson et al., 19851. Nearly 50 Norway rat resistance sites have been identified, and the incidence of resistance in most samples was less than 20 percent.
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Cross-Resistance Norway rats and house mice have been tested against other first-generation anticoagulant rodenticides. With Norway rats (from 16 locations in 13 cities and 1 rural site)
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From page 365... ...
Red squill is currently not available. Zinc phosphide is relatively hazardous when not properly placed and quickly produces bait shyness.
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From page 366... ...
As agricultural and noncrop, nonurban uses of anticoagulants expand, resistance in native rodents can be expected following several years of persistent and careless or excessive distribution of baits. RESEARCH NEEDS · Commensal rodents (in the United States, these are Norway and roof rats and house mice)
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From page 367... ...
Staffs at both the New York Health Department Laboratory at Troy and our own Bowling Green State University Rodent Research Laboratory carried out the resistance evaluation tests. Art Beeler was most helpful in allowing our access to his buildings and mouse populations.
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1982. Multiple allelism at the locus controlling warfarin resistance in the Norway rat.
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From page 369... ...
1976. A major gene controlling warfarin resistance in the house mouse.
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