Pesticide Resistance Strategies and Tactics for Management (1986) / Chapter Skim
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2 Genetics, Biochemical, and Physiological Mechanisms of Resistance to Pesticides
2 Genetics, Biochemical, and Physiological Mechanisms of Resistance to Pesticides
Pages 45-53
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From page 45... ...
Most resistance to pesticides is inherited in a typical Mendelian fashion, but in some cases, resistance can be attributed to, or influenced by, relatively unique genetic and biochemical characteristics, e.g., extranuclear genetic elements in bacteria and higher plants. A thorough understanding of the genetic, biochemical, and physiological mechanisms of pesticide resistance is essential to the development of solutions to the pesticide-resistance problem.
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From page 46... ...
They may also recognize and hind. pesticides and thereby control induction of appropriate detoxifying enzymes A clear and detailed understanding Of the molecular genetic apparatus of the resistant organism can provide essential intonation for devising tools and strategies for avoidance and management of practical pesticide resistance problems.
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From page 47... ...
Metabolic resistance in the house fly seems to be under the control of a single gene whose product is a receptor protein. This protein binds insecticides, and the protein: insecticide complex induces synthesis of multiple detoxifying enzymes.
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From page 48... ...
. The herbicide paraquat disrupts photosynthesis in target weeds by intercepting electrons from photosystem I, part of the metabolic cycle that fixes energy from sunlight into plant constituents via a complicated flow of electrons.
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From page 49... ...
PROMISING RESEARCH DIRECTIONS AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION Synthetic chemicals will probably continue for some time as the major weapon against most pests because of their general reliability and rapid action, and their ability to maintain the high quality of agricultural products that is demanded by urban consumers today. Although new chemicals offer a shortterm solution, this approach to pest control alone will rarely provide a viable, long-term strategy.
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From page 50... ...
Such data are essential in designing novel pesticides that exploit genetic weaknesses and bypass genetic capabilities to develop resistance. It is reasonable to anticipate that agents could be developed, for example, that are superior to existing cholinesterase inhibitors for insect pests, or to chemicals that inhibit macromolecular synthesis integral to the function of microorganisms.
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From page 51... ...
'`Target site" research shout reveal opportunities for He systematic combination of commands Hat Assess negatively corTelat~l crossresistance traits that exploit ;structur~ differences ~ the "target site" In resistant biotypes. Several clear -- cut examples of compounds that are negatively correlated with respect to cross-resistance can be found in some carbamate pesticides (Georgopoulos, Plapp, this volume)
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From page 52... ...
Pesticides with one or more of the following properties would be useful in resistance management: (1) compounds that suppress target pest populations while allowing predators and parasites to multiply; (2)
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From page 53... ...
HOUGHTON, Monsanto Agricultural Products Company DALE KAUKEINEN, ICI Americas, Inc. ALAN MAcN~cHo~, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Great Britain R
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