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From page 305... ... See also Age firearm-related injuries, 7-8,132-133, 134 impulsivity, 26 violence prevention programs, 184,191 worker safety, 225, 227 Advocacy, 36, 180, 185, 199-201 Age and deaths from injuries, 41,46~8, 49 50, 86 and emergency department visits, 51-52 and falls, 48, 52 and fire and burn injuries, 48, 52 and firearm injuries, 47, 52, 100 and homicides, 47 and hospitalizations, 5~51 minimum-age drinking laws, 47, 117 118, 123,200 minimum for firea~.~,purchase, 126, 127 and motor vehicle traffic-related injuries, 46~7, 52, 100 patterns of injury by, 49-52 and poisonings, 48, 52 and response to injury, l 54 305 and risk-taking behavior, 100 and suffocations, 48, 52 and suicides, 47, 86 Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) , 9, 148, 167, 206 Agent of injury, 93. Read the entire page →
From page 306... ... , 184,199 Buckle Up America! , 209 Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, 126, 127, 207 Project LEAD, 125 Bureau of Justice Statistics, 207 Bureau of Labor Statistics, 66, 207,221,222 Bureau of Mines, 223 Bureau of the Census, 69 California, injury prevention plan, 187-188 INDEX California Wellness Foundation, 184 Canada motor vehicle safety, 123 trauma care, 142, 151 Carbon monoxide in cooking gas, 26, 87-88 Carnegie Corporation of New York, 232 Case-control studies, 6, 102, 103 Case-crossover studies, 102-103 Case mix, 152-154 Case studies defined, 103 firearm injuries, 124-135 misuse of, 103 motor vehicle injuries, 115-124 Cause of injury behavioral research, 101 biomechanics research, 96 E codes, 63-64, 65 economic costs by, 54 mortality rates by, 42~3, 47, 54, 132 patterns of injury by, 52 phases, 22, 29, 30 years of potential life lost by, 53, 54 Census of Agriculture, 69 Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, 53, 66, 72, 221 Center on Children and the Law, 75 Center to Prevent Handgun Violence, 197 n.3 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 19, 103, 189 n.2, 223,240 conferences, 31 injury control research centers, 2, 20, 24, 31,227, 249 injury focus, 206, 239 leadership role, 12, 251, 261 surveillance systems, 67, 73, 125, 147 trauma care funding, 160 violence prevention, 236 Child protective services, 182 Child safely, 21 biomechanical research, 97, 98 child-resistant packaging, 84, 101, 215 cigarette lighter standards, 93, 215 evaluation of programs, 198 gun safe-storage laws, 127, 132 home visits for first-time mothers, 26, 84, 90, 92 playground safety, 85, 232, 241 seat restraints in motor vehicles, 91-92, 95,119,120,179,190 state and local initiatives, 182, 185, 191, 192, 193 surveillance systems, 68, 75 Children. Read the entire page →
From page 307... ... achievernents, 215-217 hotline, 212 mission and focus, 206, 212 public education, 214-215 recommended role, 3-4, 11, 13, 16,217, 247, 249, 252, 261 regulatory activities, 21, 126, 207,213 research, 11, 93, 214, 216-217, 246, 247 resources and structure, 212-213 standards development, 207, 213-214 surveillance activities, 3 - ,13, 67, 70, 7, 79, 125,213-214, 216,252, 261 training role, 249 Controversies advocacy by researchers, 36 boundaries of injury field, 25 federal priority-setting role, 35-36, 266267 firearms-related, 131-132 motor vehicle safety, 121-123 paternalistic interventions, 34-35 Cooperative Compliance Program, 223 307 Cost-benefit analysis of preventive interventions,33,220, 222 Costs of injury. See also Years of potential life lost direct, 1 n.l, 18 n.l, 41 n.l, 55, 157, 158 economic, 41, 53, 54, 55, 56-57, 97, 154, 156-159 estimates, 1, 18, 41 n.l, 54 fatalities, 55 friction cost method, 56 human capital (cost-of-illness) Read the entire page →
From page 308... ... See also Highway safety; Motor vehicle safety airbags and, 61, 75, 91, 123, 208 antilock brakes, 123 Blood alcohol level laws, 35, 36, 103,209 center high-mounted brake lights, 93,119 child safety restraints, 91-92, 95, 119, 120, 179, 190 crash testing, 98,184 enforcement of mandatory requirements, 122, 123 grassroots organizations, 21, 120,184 minimum-age drinking laws, 47, 72, 117118, 123, 200 motorcycle helmet laws, 34, 78, 84-85, 92, 120, 122,209 safety-belt use laws, 34-35, 78, 91-92, 95, 119, 120, 122, 123, 209, 259 speed limit, national maximum, 46 n.3, 82, 120, 121, 123 zero-tolerance laws, 36 Drownings, 45, 48, 52, 76, 193 Drug Abuse Warning Network, 69 Drunk driving. See also Alcohol use injuries, 46-47, 91, 92, 94-95 E codes, 63-64, 70, 147, 187, 191 Ecologic study design, 103 Educating Professionals in Injury Control series, 196 Education and Research Centers (ERCs) Read the entire page →
From page 309... ... See also individual depart ments and agencies agencies involved in injury field, 11-12, 206-207 coordination and leadership role, 12-13, 251-253, 260-262 interagency collaboration, 12-13, 192, 251-253 priority-setting role, 35-36, 200 private-sector partnerships, 260 state infrastructure building, 10, 189, 191, 201 technical assistance to states, 10, 197, 201 training of injury prevention practitioners, 194-195,197 trauma systems support, 8, 9, 147, 149, 159-161, 168 Federal Transit Administration, 207 Financing/funding construction, tied to highway safety, 36, 118, 123 education, 197 n.3 evaluation research, 189 309 federal sources, 8, 10, 18, 19, 103-105, 106,119,130,148,160,189 infrastructure building, 10, 189, 201 patient care, 161-163 private-sector sources, 179, 184 research, 7, 8, 18, 19, 103-105, 106, 119, 104, 130, 148 state and community sources, 10, 179, 180, 181, 182-183, 188-190, 201 for training, 6, 103-105, 106, 196 trauma care systems, 9, 138, 143, 149, 159-163, 167, 168 violence prevention programs, 235 Fire and burn injuries, 45, 48, 52 mortality rates, 259 prevention, 61, 75, 84, 87, 93, 217, 226227,228-229 research accomplishments, 84, 85, 87, 228-229 surveillance data, 75, 189 Fire Prevention Week, 185 Fire safety, 182, 185 Firearm Owner Protection Act, 127 Firearm-related injuries, 89 access issue, 7, 132, 133 age and, 47, 52, 100, 124 child and adolescent vulnerability, 7-8, 132-133, 134 controversies, 131-132 enforcement of regulations, 133 federal role, 7, 130, 134-135 gender and, 47 homicides, 45, 47, 48, 73 individual freedom issue, 7, 131 instrumentality issue, 131 measures of exposure, 129 mortality rates, 7, 45,46, 47, 48, 52, 103, 115, 124, 132 prevention, 2, 7-8, 24, 86, 89, 126-128, 130, 132-134 recommendations, 7, 8,131, 134 research, 7, 128-130, 134, 243, 247 state and local programs, 130 suicides, 8, 45, 47, 48, 73, 86 surveillance systems, 7, 71, 73, 125-126, 128, 134, 187, 241 treatment, 129 trends, 46, 124 unintentional, 8, 124, 125, 129, 132 Firearms design interventions, 129, 133 illegal commerce, 128, 132 number in circulation, 7, 132 regulation and legislation, 7, 126-128, 132, 134 safety and performance standards, 126 Read the entire page →
From page 310... ... , 97 Helicopter medical transport, 158 Health Care Cost and Utilization Project, 65, 69 Health Care Financing Administration, 68 Health insurance, private, 162, 163, 164,165 Health-related quality of life measures, 154155, 156 Health Resources and Services Administration, 9, 13, 77, 120, 160, 167, 185, 189, 206, 230,234, 247 n.l7, 252,261 Health Services, Preventive Health Services, and Home and Community-Based Services Act, 144 Health-state classification system, 57 Health status measures, 154-155, 156 Health Utilities Index, 57 Healthy People 2000 goals, 200 INDEX High-risk groups, targeting interventions to, 92,100, 133 Highway Loss Data Institute, 184 Highway safety construction funding tied to, 36, 118, 123 engineered safety features, 94, 118 Legislation, 21, 118, 120, 144, 145, 179 strategic planning, 187 Highway Safety Act, 21, 118, 120, 144, 145, 159,208, 209 Homicide Research Working Group, 130 Homicides, 24 age and, 47, 124 domestic violence, 128 firearm-related, 45, 47, 48, 73, 128, 132 race/ethnicity and, 50 rates, 45, 46, 88 socioeconomic environment and, 94 suIveillance systems, 4, 72, 73, 74, 125 workplace, 53, 227 Hospitalizations, 1, 18, 41, 48, 49 costs of, 55 lengths of stay, 150, 154, 158, 1654166 number of, 143 patterns of injury, 50-51, 52 readmissions, 77 surveillance systems, 65, 66, 75-76, 7778 transfers, 166 IDEA program, 211 Indian Health Service, 68, 194, 195, 206 Industrial safely, 21 Information systems. See Surveillance systems; specif c networks and databases Injury and Violence Prevention Program, 231 Injury control. Read the entire page →
From page 311... ... MacArthur Founda tion, 1, 20 Johns Hopkins University, 31, 244 Center for Injury Research and Policy, 194 Journal of Emergency Medical Services, 149 Journals,31,149 "Kids Plate" vehicle license tags, 190 Law Enforcement Agency Data, 125 Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted, 67 Lawnmower performance standards, 215 Learn Not to Burn curriculum, 185 Legislation. See also individual statutes highway safely, 21, 118, 120, 144, 145, 179 trauma care, 139-140, 143, 144, 145, 149, 159-161 Lifesavers Conference, 192 Lobbying, 200 Location of injury occurrence, 63-64 Magnitude of injury cost, 53-58 morbidity, 48-49 mortality rates, 44 48 patterns, 49-53 Maine 2000 program, 221 Major Trauma Outcome Study, 151 Managed care, 150, 162, 163, 164-167, 168, 191 Maternal and Child Health Bureau accomplishments, 142, 185,234 Block Grant Program, 189, 231 Community Integrated Service Systems, 231, 233 Emergency Medical Services for Children (EMS-C) Read the entire page →
From page 312... ... ,21, 120, 184, 199 Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act, 205 Motor vehicle and traffic-related injuries. See also Driver/occupant safety age and, 46-47, 52, 100 alcohol-related, 46-47, 91, 92, 94-95 cellular telephones and, 103 controversies, 121-123 INDEX evaluation of interventions, 87, 97, 120, 209 hospital lengths of stay, 166 mortality rates, 7, 45, 46, 48, 50, 52, 94, 95, 115-116, 121, 123, 141, 179,259 nonfatal, 49 number, 24 occupational, 52-53 perceptions of risk and, 100-101, 122 prevention, 6, 7, 84, 85-86, 87, 91-92, 93, 94-95, 99-100, 116-120, 191 public support for safety, 120 race/ethnicity and, 50 regulation and legislation, 118-119 research, 6, 83, 84, 99-100, 119-120, 123,208, 243, 247 socioeconomic conditions and, 94 speed limit and, 46 n.3, 82, 119 state and local programs, 120,209 surveillance data, 4, 65, 68, 71, 72, 78, 117-118 trends, 46 Motor vehicle safety design mismatches, 123 inspections, 119 literature, 105 organizations, 184 research, 208 standards, 21, 118, 205 Motorcycle headlights, 121 helmet laws, 34, 78, 84-85, 92, 120, 122, 209 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) Read the entire page →
From page 313... ... achievements, 47, 209-212 child safety initiatives, 12, 185,233, 252 collaborative programs, 192 mission and focus, 21,118, 205, 207 recommended role, 6, 10, 13, 16, 104, 196, 212, 249, 252, 261, 262 regulatory activities, 205, 207 research, 6, 21, 105, 119, 130, 198, 208, 212,247 resources and structure, 207-208 Safe Communities program, 193 Special Crash Investigation (SCI) program, 61 Section 402 grants, 189, 208 surveillance systems, 4,32, 69, 71, 73, 78, 209, 212 training activities, 6, 10, 194, 196, 212, 249, 262 trauma systems development, 13, 142, 145,147,148,160,188 workshops, 194 National Highway Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act, 118 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) Read the entire page →
From page 314... ... , 11, 224, 225-226, 247, 268 National Pediatric Trauma Registry, 142 National Personal Transportation Survey, 68 National Program for Playground Safety, 197 INDEX National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians, 145 National Research Council, 145 Transportation Research Board, 211 National SAFE KIDS campaign, 179, 185, 190, 193, 199 National Safety Council, 21, 185 National Science Foundation, 128, 207, 239 National Suicide Prevention Conference, 88 National Technical Information Service, 105 National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966, 205 National Transportation Safety Board, 207 National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) , 76, 147 National Traumatic Occupational Fatality Surveillance System, 67, 72 National Vital Statistics System, 65, 67, 117 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey, 68 Nature of injury coding, 62-63 morbidity trends, 49 surveillance systems, 64 Network of Employers for Traffic Safety, 209 New Injuly Severity Score, 153 9-1-1 systems, 138, 140, 149, 165 Nonprofit organizations, 180, 184-185, 199 200. Read the entire page →
From page 315... ... See also individual organizations Psychological trauma, 27 Public awareness, raising, 178, 180, 198-199, 201,259 Public education. See Education interventions Public health departments funding ofinjury prevention, 7, 104, 183 perspective on injury prevention, 22, 23, 24,33,260 program placement, 181 state infrastructure strengthening, l 81 191 on violence prevention, 26, 89 Public support for motor vehicle safety, 120, 122, 133 for firearm safety, 133-134 nurturing, in injury field, 259, 265-266 Qualitative research, 101 Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) Read the entire page →
From page 316... ... ,21, 120 Research on prevention. See also Evaluation of interventions; individual disciplines Accidental Death and Disability recommendations,18 INDEX accomplishments, 5, 82, 83-95 animal experiments, 97, 98 on assaultive injuries, 24, 129 behavioral, 91-92 bias, 36, 102 cadaver use, 97, 98 capacity building, 2, 259, 262-264 centers, 2, 6, 19-20, 103, 148, 195, 240 241, 243, 244-245 challenges in, 6, 83, 88, 93, 95, 97 childhood injury, 142 collaborative approach, 238-239 communicating results, 105-106, 198, 201, 265 cost-effectiveness, 104, 159 extramural, 6, 104, 148, 208, 211, 212, 223, 226,228, 230, 235, 236, 238, 240, 243-244, 245, 263 federal funding, 8, 14, 18, 19, 103-105, 106, 130, 148, 208, 210-212, 240, 243 firearm injuries, 7, 128-130, 134, 243, 247 Injury in America recommendations, 19 20 investigator-initiated, 104, 142,208, 211, 224, 226,228, 236, 240, 243, 245, 247, 262-263 motor vehicle safety, 6, 21, 83, 84, 99 100, 119~120, 123, 208, 21~212, 243, 247 multidisciplinary nature of, 5, 7, 95-103, 119, 129-130, 134, 198,224-225,230 occupational safety and health, 223-226 opportunities, 95-106, 123 organization of researchers, 106 peer review of, 6, 104, 105, 211, 224,228, 236, 240, 244 priority setting, 224, 225-226, 242, 245 248, 262,267-268 product safety, 214, 216-217 qualitative, 101 recommendations, 6, 7, 14, 98, 99, 101, 103, 104-105, 212, 226, 230, 247-248 rehabilitation, 228 state and community sponsorship of, 180, 185 training for, 6, 103-105, 106, 212, 230, 238,243,262 trauma care, 8, 9, 19, 119, 120, 129, 148, 149, 150-156, 159, 168, 224, 226, 227, 230, 245, 247 n.l7 validation, 98 violence prevention, 235, 236-237, 238, 239 Residential injury prevention, 21,244, 245 246, 247-248,264 Read the entire page →
From page 317... ... program, 61 Special Projects of Regional and National Significance, 231,232-233 Speed limit, national maximum, 46 n.3, 82, 120, 121, 123 Sport-utility vehicles, 123 Sports injuries, 87, 185 State and Community-Based Injury Control Programs, 242 n.l5 State and Community Formula Grant Program, 208 State and Community Highway Safety Grant Program, 120 317 State and Territorial Injury Prevention Directors' Association (STIPDA) , 10, 77, 181,188, 190, 196 State and community response advocacy, 180, 185, 199-201 agencies and organizations, 180, 182-183 barriers to, 9-10, 186, 194 coalition building, 185, 190, 192, 193, 201 collaboration, 191-193, 201 educational, 179, 180, 185, 190, 192, 197 n.3, 199,200, 201, 225 evaluation of programs, 197-198, 209 federal role, 10, 189, 191, 192, 194, 197, 200,201, 241 firearm regulation, 127-128, 130 funding for programs, 10, 179, 180, 181, 182-183, 184, 186, 188-190, 196, 198, 201, 209, 232-234,241, 242 grassroots organizations, 180, 193, 200 implementation of programs, 9, 178-180, 197 injury prevention programs, 21, 118, 120, 130, 181, 187-188, 191, 192, 209, 241 motor vehicle accident related programs, 120, 209 nonprofit organizations, 180, 184-185, 199-200 occupational safety and health programs, 218 private-sector organizations, 179, 180, 185 professional organizations, 179, 180, 186 public awareness, raising, 178, 180, 198 199, 201 public health infrastructure, 181-191, 242,249-250, 264 recommendations, 10, 190, 196 research sponsorship, 180, 185, 198,209 strategic planning, 10, 187-188 surveillance systems, 3, 61, 74-78, 85, 117,125,128,147,187,189 technical assistance, 10, 179, 187, 188, 190, 194,197, 201, 209, 241 training, lo, 179, 185, 191, 194-197, 201 trauma systems management, 8, 143-145, 147, 149 Steps to Prevent Firearm Injury (STOP) Read the entire page →
From page 318... ... , 196 Timeline, 284-295 Time-series study designs, 103 Tolerance to injury, 96-97, 119 Toy Manufacturers of America, 185 Toy standards, 217 Training burn program, 228-229, 262 coding, 3, 64, 71 funding for, 6, 103-105, 106, 224-225, 241,243, 248-249, 262 health care professionals, 196-197, 226, 241 injury prevention practitioners, 10, 179, 185, 201, 243, 262 interdisciplinary model, 195 occupational safety, 222, 224-225 peer, 92 recommendations, 3, 10, 64, 104-105, 196, 248-249, 262 of researchers, 6, 103-105, 106, 211-212, 238,240,248-249, 243, 262 trauma-care providers, 145-147, 191, 228-229, 243,262 violence prevention, 195, 235,237, 238 Transportation Research Information Services, 105 Trauma and Injury Severity Score, 151, 154 Trauma care systems. See also Acute care; Emergency department visits; Emer gency medical services; Rehabilitation case mix, 152-154 components, 8, 139, 140, 167-168 convoluter applications in, 105 cost-effectiveness, 9, 158-159, 168 costs of, 9, 154, 156-159, 168 criteria to identify, 150 evaluation of effectiveness of, 9, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150-152, 154-156 exclusive, 139 federal support for, 8, 147, 149, 159-161, 168, 188, 261 financing of, 9, 138, 143, 149, 159-163, 167,168 grown in, 138, 145, 148-150 inclusive, 139-140 injury severity, 152-154 legislation, 139-140, 143, 144, 145, 149, 159-161 limits on number of centers, 144-145, 149 managed care and, 150, 162, 163, 164 167, 168 management, 139, 143-145 Read the entire page →
From page 319... ... System, 72, 125 Uniform data sets, 147, 148 Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation, 147 Uniform hospital discharge data, 3, 75, 77-78, 187, 209 Unintentional injuries, 28-29 deaths, 83 research accomplishments, 83-86, 87 University of North Carolina Injury Prevention Research Center, 195 U.S. Coast Guard, 207 U.S. Read the entire page →

From page 305...

... See also Age firearm-related injuries, 7-8,132-133, 134 impulsivity, 26 violence prevention programs, 184,191 worker safety, 225, 227 Advocacy, 36, 180, 185, 199-201 Age and deaths from injuries, 41,46~8, 49 50, 86 and emergency department visits, 51-52 and falls, 48, 52 and fire and burn injuries, 48, 52 and firearm injuries, 47, 52, 100 and homicides, 47 and hospitalizations, 5~51 minimum-age drinking laws, 47, 117 118, 123,200 minimum for firea~.~,purchase, 126, 127 and motor vehicle traffic-related injuries, 46~7, 52, 100 patterns of injury by, 49-52 and poisonings, 48, 52 and response to injury, l 54 305 and risk-taking behavior, 100 and suffocations, 48, 52 and suicides, 47, 86 Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) , 9, 148, 167, 206 Agent of injury, 93.

Index Pages 305-319

Index
Pages 305-319