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Pathological Gambling A Critical Review (1999) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 326-340

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From page 326...
... criminal behavior, 160 diagnostic tools, 43 gambling machines, 88, 113, 255 lotteries, 88, 140, 250 methodological issues, 85-87, 89, 92-93 326 onset of gambling, 4,112,113114, 117, 118, 140, 274, 276, 280 peer influences, 117 prevalence, 3, 63, 84-94,113-114 prevention, 219-220 state by state legislative summary, 285-311 state legal age for gambling, by state, 283-284, 285-311 substance abuse, 93-94, 99-100, 110-111, 117 treatment, 222 urban, 109 Advertising, 38, 214, 216, 219, 247, 249, 307 African Americans, 97, 115-116 Age factors, 3,108,110-111,113-115, 133 cohort effects, 65, 94-95,108,110111 elderly persons, 3-4, 63, 94-95, 114, 250, 251, 253 onset of gambling, 4,112,113114, 117, 131, 138, 142, 274, 276, 280 prevalence, 94-95
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From page 327...
... . Opmlon Australia, 137,161,164,178-181, 186 Autobiography as treatment, 206-207 Aversion therapy, 199-201 B Balanced measurement studies, 174-185, 186 Behavioral-environmental models 17, 37, 38, 3940, 46, 112, 115-119 see also Organization of gambling; Social factors; Technology of gambling Behavioral treatments, 199-203, 224, 313-316 Beliefs, see Attitudes and beliefs Benefit-cost studies, 157-158, 162186 casinos, 163-166,175, 177-178, 182-184, 186 crime, 176,177,178, 180 methodology, 157-158, 162-186 social factors, 163-164,173-174, 175-178, 180-185 Bingo, 78-79, 80, 238, 248, 250-251, 252 state by state legislative summary, 285-311 (passim)
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From page 328...
... arousal rates, 35, 40 benefit-cost analyses, 163-166, 175, 177-178, 182-184, 186 family factors, 117 historical perspectives, 238 prevalence, 72, 73, 78-79, 82, 88, 195, 252 state by state legislative summary, 285-311 (passim) state legal age for participation by state, 283-284, 285-311 (passim)
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From page 329...
... , 282 Gambler's Anonymous 20 questions, 271-272 longitudinal studies, 259 treatment issues, 194, 196, 206207, 212 see also Debt Counseling, 135, 207, 213, 217-218 behavioral, 200, 224 certification, 217-218, 222-223 psychoanalytic /psychodynamic, 197-199, 205, 313-315 telephone help lines, 114-115, 135, 214-217 therapist characteristics, 224-225 see also Gamblers Anonymous; Self-help treatments Crime and criminal behavior adolescents, 160 benefit-cost analyses, 176,177, 178, 180 gamblers involved in, 2, 5, 11, 26, 48, 135, 137, 158-159, 160161,176,177,178,180,196, 272 DSM criteria, 273-274, 275, 276, 281 illegal gambling, 65, 72, 73, 88, 248 organized, 7-8 pathological gambling as exculpatory condition, 3031 see also Substance use and abuse Cultural factors, 1, 7, 16,18, 19, 38, 219 moral viewpoints, 5, 8, 16, 26, 39 religious influences, 11,194, 239 stigmatization of gamblers, 5, 26; see also Shame and guilt see also Minority groups; Social factors
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From page 330...
... , 281 gender factors, 115, 274, 276, 277, 279-280 gradations of gambling problems, 23, 24 historical perspectives, 25-27, 4849, 108, 273-282 individual costs, 158, 273-279 (passim) , 282 legal issues, pathological gambling as exculpatory condition, 30-31
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From page 331...
... Excessive gambling, defined, 20, 2122 Extraversion, 109 F Family factors, 4, 38,109,114, 117 118, 142, 249, 254, 257 benefit-cost analyses, 163,176, 180-181 DSM criteria, 25, 273-277 (passim) , 281 gambling promotions, 219 impact on, 3, 11, 25, 48, 156-157, 158-159, 163, 168
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From page 332...
... Government role, see Federal government; State government Gross impact studies, 172-173 Guilt, see Shame and guilt H Hawaii, 290 Health insurance, 5, 211-212, 214, 221, 222 Hispanics, 97,115-116, 217 Historical perspectives, 7, 9-12, 1617, 42, 48-49, 80 definitional issues, 16, 23, 25-27 DSM, 25-27, 48-49, 108, 273-282 input-output models, 165-166 organization and technology of gambling, 238-240 treatment approaches, 197 Home gambling, 256-258 Horse and dog racing, 11, 124, 248, 251, 253-254 arousal, 35, 124 family factors, 117
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From page 333...
... , 290-291 Impulse control disorders, 2, 20, 23, 27, 30, 31-36, 41, 119, 120, 122, 143, 159, 199, 205, 273, 275-281 see also Compulsive gambling Le~lslahon Incidence of gambling acute treatment, 181 defined, 64 prevalence vs. 64-65, 101 research methodology, 51, 64-65, 101, 179-180, 181 see also Prevalence of gambling Indiana, 70, 74, 291-292 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, 8, 116, 131 Indians, see American Indians Input-output models, 165-166, 172173 Insurance, see Health insurance International perspectives, 178-181 children, 113 comorbidity, 129 see also specific countries Internet, 5, 213, 216, 246, 251, 252, 253-254, 256-258 Interventions, see Preventive interventions; Treatment issues 333 In-transition gamblers, see Problem gambling Iowa, 70, 74, 82, 83, 216, 292 K Kansas, 292-293 Kentucky, 293 L Laboratory studies, 35, 40, 240, 258259 neurobiological factors, 121,123, 124-127 legal-age gambling, by state and type, 283-312 legalization of gambling, 80-84, 100, 237, 247-250, 253, 259 see also Crime and criminal behavior committee charge, 8-9 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, 8,116,131 lotteries, 7, 283-312 state by state analysis, 285-312 state legal-age gambling, by state and type, 283-312 Longitudinal research, 4, 65, 142, 210, 259 Lotteries, 7, 8,17, 80, 82, 242, 244, 245-246, 248, 251, 253, 254255 adolescents, 88, 140, 250 family factors, 117 prevalence, 72, 73, 78-79, 88,195196, 249, 252 state by state legislative summary, 285-311 (passim)
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From page 334...
... 334 M Machines, see Gambling machines Maine, 295 Managed care, 222 Mania, 133, 134, 274, 277, 281, 282 Maryland, 70, 75, 195, 216, 295-296 Massachusetts, 70, 75, 86, 90, 296 Mass media advertising, 38, 214, 216, 219, 247, 249, 307 Internet, 5, 213, 216, 246, 251, 252, 253-254, 256-258 television, 251, 252, 254, 257, 258 Mathematical skills, 16, 238, 239, 241, 243-244 Medicalization of gambling, 19-20, 22, 38, 108 comorbidity, general, 32, 127 see also Biological factors Men, see Gender factors Methodology, see Research methodology Michigan, 86, 90, 296-297 Minnesota, 70, 75, 76, 82, 83, 86, 91, 114, 195, 215, 216, 217, 297 298 Minority groups, 97,115-117,141, 217, 222, 239 poverty, 126, 141 prevalence of gambling, 63, 9697, 99, 114, 141 research methodology, 115-116 see also specific groups Mississippi, 70, 72, 75, 76, 298-299 Missouri, 70, 299-300 Montana, 70, 75, 300 Mood and mood disorders, 4, 122, 125, 126, 132-134, 142, 204, 274, 277, 279 see also Depression; Mania Moral viewpoints, 5, 8, 16, 26, 39 N Naltrexone, 205, 206 Narcissism, 198, 179 INDEX National Center for Responsible Gaming, 66 National Comorbidity Survey, 80 National Council on Compulsive Gambling, 30, 177 National Council on Problem Gambling, 212, 213, 214, 218 National Gambling Impact Study Commission, 67, 77-78, 81, 92, 93 National Institute of Mental Health, 129 National Institute on Drug Abuse, 220-221 National Institutes of Health, 4 National Opinion Research Center, 67, 77-78, 81, 92, 93 National prevalence, 1, 3, 8, 19, 65 67, 71, 77-78, 98-100 Natural recovery, 193, 210-211 Native Americans, see American Indians Nebraska, 300-301 Neurobiological factors, 4, 45,111, 120-127, 142, 143 brain studies, 37, 41,119, 120, 124-127, 142 comorbidity, 128 dopamine system, 37-38, 120 122, 124, 125, 205 laboratory studies, 121, 123, 124 127 methodology, 121, 124-127 norepinephrine, 120, 205 pharmacological treatments, 203 206, 224, 225, 313, 314 serotonin, 122-123, 204-205 Neuroticism, 109, 126 Nevada, 7, 11, 71, 87, 91, 114, 238, 246, 301-302 New Hampshire, 8, 302 New Jersey, 71, 75, 87, 91, 114, 216, 218, 302-303 New Mexico, 71, 75, 76, 303 New York State, 71, 72, 75, 82, 83, 87, 91, 114, 215, 216, 303-304
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From page 335...
... see also Horse and dog racing Peer influences, 3, 48, 109, 114, 117, 239, 249-250, 251, 254, 257, 276 adolescents, 117 alienation of friends, 159 American Indians, 116 Pennsylvania, 216, 306 Personality disorders, general, 4, 5, 137-138 antisocial personalities, 5, 31, 122, 137-138, 139, 142, 274275, 281 335 comorbidity, 137-138,142, 196, 279 historical perspectives, 9,10, 1112 treatment seekers, 196 Pharmacological treatments, 203206, 224, 225, 313, 314 Population studies, 2, 3, 115-116, 124, 142 clinical studies vs. 43 comorbidity, 131,135,136, 139 Epidemiologic Catchment Area study, 129,133,135-136, 139 screening tools, use in, 44, 47 Posttraumatic stress disorder, 109110 Poverty, 176, 184 depressed areas, benefits of gambling, 1, 160 minority status and, 126,141 prevalence of gambling among the poor, 3-4, 63, 97-98, 99 see also Debt Prevalence of gambling, 1, 3, 8,19, 44, 63-101, 276, 279-280 adolescents, 3, 63, 84-94, 113-114 onset of gambling, 4,112,113114, 117, 118, 140, 274, 276, 280 age at onset of gambling, 4, 112, 113-114, 117, 131, 138, 142, 274, 276, 280 alcohol abuse compared with, 63,80,81,93-94,99 benefit-cost analyses, 169,175, 177-178 card games, 72, 73, 85, 88, 252 casino gambling, 72, 73, 78-79, 82, 88, 195, 252 charitable gambling, 72, 73, 78-79 DSM, 68, 70-71, 76, 80, 86-87, 99, 276, 279-280 gender factors, 63, 95-96, 99, 255, 277, 279-280 horse and dog racing, 78-79, 252 incidence vs.
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From page 336...
... 22-25, 65 prevalence, 64-101 (passim) , 177178 see also Costs to individuals; Diagnosis; Gamblers Anonymous; Screening; Treatment issues Psychiatric disorders, 122 classification issues, 21-24, 44, 45, 49-51, 106, 121; see also Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders comorbidity, 9, 37, 126, 129, 133, 137-138 pathological gambling as, 12 posttraumatic stress disorder, 109-110 see also American Psychiatric Association; Impulse control disorders; Mood and mood disorders; Personality disorders Psychoanalytic /psychodynamic treatments, 197-199, 205, 313-315 Public opinion, 21, 156, 249 advertising, 38, 214, 216, 219, 247, 249, 307 lotteries, 245-246 Puerto Rico, 307 Pull-tab, state by state legislative summary, 285-311 (passim)
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From page 337...
... , 141, 259 construct validity, 45-47, 49-50, 100-101 descriptive studies, 45, 141, 160, 171, 173-174 DSM criteria development, 25-27 etiological, 107-112,121, 124-142 (passim) excessive gambling, 21-22 gender factors, 115 gross impact studies, 172-173 incidence studies, 51, 64-65,101, 179-180, 181 input-output models, 165-166, 172-173 longitudinal studies, 65 minority groups, 115-116 neurobiological studies, 121,124 127 organization of gambling, 238, 240 prevalence studies, 64-71, 76, 79, 86-87, 89, 92-93, 99, 100-101 South Oaks Gambling Screen, 42, 43, 44, 46, 48, 68, 99, 114 treatment evaluation, 192, 199, 200-201, 202-203, 207-208, 220, 223-224, 313-318 see also Case studies; Clinical studies; Laboratory studies; Population studies Rhode Island, 215-216, 207 Risk-taking, 16-18, 48, 237, 239, 242 243, 253 gender factors, 28-29 impulse control disorders, 33, 34-35 see also Sensation-seeking Rural areas, 142
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From page 338...
... 338 S Screening, 42-45, 47-48 NORC DSM SCREEN, 77 population studies and, 44, 47 prevalence research and, 64, 77, 100-101 see also Diagnosis; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; South Oaks Gambling Screen Self-esteem, 10,116,159, 198 see also Depression; Shame and guilt Self-help treatments, 25, 209, 211 age factors, 114 definitional issues, 25, 37 see also Gamblers Anonymous Sensation-seeking, 17, 33, 34-35, 40, 119, 121-122, 123, 125, 198199, 239, 278 behavioral treatments, 199-202, 224 see also Risk-taking Serotonin, 122-123, 204-205 Sex-based factors, see Gender factors Shame and guilt, 10-11, 26, 28,159, 198, 278 Slot machines, see Gambling machines Social factors, general, 4, 15, 17, 38, 110, 112-118, 142, 247-251, 254, 256-258 antisocial personalities, 5, 31, 122, 137-138, 139, 142, 274275, 281 benefits of gambling, 8,12,156,157 benefit-cost analyses, 163-164, 173-174, 175-178, 180-185 cohort effects, 110 costs of gambling, 12,15,19,156186 definitional issues, 16,18,19, 32, 38 DSM criteria, 27, 273, 277, 278 INDEX historical perspectives, 7,16, 18 legalization of gambling and, 8084, 100, 237, 247-250, 253, 259 natural recovery, 210 organization of gambling, 237239; see "legalization..." supra see also Cultural factors; Demographic factors; Family factors; Peer influences; Public opinion; Religious factors Social gambling, see Recreational gambling South Carolina, 308 South Dakota, 71, 75, 82, 83, 175 177, 215, 308-309 South Oaks Gambling Screen, 42, 43,44,46,48, 118 alcoholism, comorbidity, 131 methodology, 42, 43, 44, 46, 48, 68, 99, 114 prevalence studies, 68, 71-72, 76, 77, 86-87, 99, 114 Spiritual factors, see Religious factors Sports betting, 8, 242 adolescents, 85, 88,140 family factors, 117 prevalence, 72, 73, 78-79, 85, 88, 252 Spouses of gamblers, 159, 201, 207, 209, 215, 225, 305, 311 DSM criteria, 274, 275, 276 State government, 1, 7, 8,11, 80 counselor certification boards, 218, 222-223 gambling promotions, 219 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, 8, 116, 131 legal age for gambling, by state and type, 283-284, 285-311 (passim) legislative review, by state, 285312 telephone help lines, 215-216
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From page 339...
... INDEX treatment issues, 213-214, 222 see also Casino gambling; Horse and dog racing; Lotteries; specific states State-level factors, other benefit-cost analyses, 166, 167168 Gamblers Anonymous meetings, by state, 1995-1998, 317-318 health insurance coverage, 212, 213 prevalence, 66, 67, 68, 69-76, 8184, 101 see also specific states Statistics Gamblers Anonymous meetings, by state, 317-318 types of gambling, 8 see also Incidence of gambling; Prevalence of gambling Substance use and abuse, 4, 5, 9 adolescents, 93-94, 99-100,110111, 117 antisocial personality disorder, 137-138 benefit-cost analyses, 170 children of abusers, 118 cohort effects, 110-111 comorbidity, 130-132,135, 139, 142, 196, 207, 224, 276, 279 pathological gambling compared to, 25-26, 28-29, 31, 37, 122, 124-126 adolescents, 93-94, 99 natural recovery, 210, 211 prevalence, 63, 80, 81, 93-94 treatment, 193, 196, 206, 212, 220-221, 224 recreational gambling, 26 see also Addiction; Alcohol use and abuse Suicide, 3, 5, 10, 48, 134-137, 159160, 196, 272, 274 Survey of American Gambling Attitudes and Behavior, 42 339 T Taxes, 156, 176, 213-214, 219, 273 Technology of gambling, 12-13, 237, 239, 251-260 see also Computer technology; Gambling machines; Internet; Mass media Telecommunications, 5, 246, 252, 253-254, 255-256 see also Internet Telephone help lines, 114-115, 135, 214-217 Television, 251, 252, 254, 257, 258 Tennessee, 309 Texas, 71, 75, 82, 83, 87, 91,114,131, 215, 216-217, 309 Tourism, 156, 178 Transfer effects, 164-165,167-170, 179 Treatment issues, 2, 5, 12, 107, 109, 192-236 acute intervention, 193 addiction, general, 192, 194, 205, 206-208 age factors, 114, 217, 222 alcoholism, 205, 206 autobiography, 206-207 availability of and access to, 211214 aversion therapy, 199-201 behavioral approaches, 199-202, 224 benefit-cost analyses, 181, 183184, 220-222 characteristics of treatment seekers, 195-196 clinical studies, 199, 203, 204-205 cognitive factors, 202-203, 206207, 209, 224, 313-316 comorbidity, 128-129,133, 138, 196, 198, 205 cost of, 194, 206-207, 213-214, 221-222; see also "benefit-cost analyses" supra and "health insurance" infra
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From page 340...
... , 181185, 186, 216, 311 Withdrawal symptoms, 27, 29, 38, 119, 205, 277, 281 Women, see Gender factors World Wide Web, see Internet Wyoming, 311-312
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Key Terms

  • gender factors
  • pathological gambling
  • treatment issues
  • definitional issues
  • gambling machines

  • research methodology
  • gamblers anonymous
  • family factors
  • dog racing
  • health insurance

  • clinical studies
  • legal age
  • age factors
  • social factors
  • telephone help

  • compulsive gambling
  • help lines
  • american indians
  • natural recovery
  • state legal

  • substance abuse
  • oaks gambling
  • legislative summary
  • south oaks
  • state legislative

  • cohort effects
  • control disorders
  • statistical manual
  • mental disorders
  • impulse control


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