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From page 259... ... Amotivational syndrome, see Motivation Amphetamines, 21, 88, 240 Analgesia, see Pain, treatment of Anandamide, 34, 41, 4347, 48, 54, 194 Animal studies, 3, 35, 36-81, 88, 89, 91, 111, 120, 122-123, 125, 140, 145, 195, 199, 212, 246 movement disorders, 164-165, 167, 170 relevance of, general, 36 Anorexia, see Appetite; Wasting syndrome Anorexia nervosa, 159 Antagonist, receptor, 34, 37, 39, 44, 55, 58, 70 market considerations, 205, 210, 211 nausea and vomiting, 151, 152-153 Antiemesis, see Vomiting 259 Read the entire page →
From page 260... ... Bronchi, 113-114, 115, 119 Buyers' clubs, see Cannibis buyers' clubs Cachexia, 145, 154, 155, 158 see also AIDS wasting; Appetite; Wasting syndrome INDEX Caffeine, 88 California, vii, 1,16, 17, 18, 101-102, 104, 204, 207 Canada, 150 Cancer smoking of marijuana as cause, 5, 114, 115, 117-121, 237 treatment of, 22, 23, 142, 145, 154, 158, 159, 204-205; see also Chemotherapy Cannabidiol (CBD) , 3, 36-37, 47, 60-61, 66, 122, 166, 171-172, 214 Cannabinoids, general, vii, viii-ix, 24 defined, 2, 25-26, 194 defined substances, 4 standards, general, 19, 213, 216, 217 see also THC Cannabinol, 25, 37, 64, 66, 110 see also THC Cannibis buyers' clubs, viii, 16,20,21,22,207 defined, 20 Cardiovascular system, 121-122, 251 see also Blood pressure Case studies, 15, 27-29, 117, 119-120, 254 individual patient accounts, 27-29 single-patient clinical trials, 139, 162 COD, see Cannabidiol Cellular biology, 5, 25, 35-59, 69-70, 118119, 120-121 see also Genetics; Immune system; Receptors; Signal transduction Cerebellum, 46, 49, 50, 51, 53, 121, 122 Cesamet, see Nabilone Chemotherapy, viii, 4, 16, 23, 144, 146-153 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 261... ... , 216-217, 218, 240-241, 256257 Convulsions, see Seizures Cost factors, 9, 16, 206-207, 243 antiemetics, 151, 152 drug development, 195, 196, 203, 206, 217-218 CP 47,497, 210 CP 55,244, 210 CP55,940, 44, 46, 56, 201 Craving, 9, 90, 91-92 CT-3, 67, 209 Cytokines, 62, 66, 67, 112, 120, 157 D DEA, see Drug Enforcement Administration Delivery modes, see Drug delivery Department of Health and Human Services, 199, 200, 201, 217 see also National Institutes of Health Dependence, 6, 9, 57-59, 70, 84, 86, 237 animal research, 35 criteria, 87 legal issues, 16 261 marijuana as a gateway drug, 6-7, 9, 2021, 98-101 predictors of, 93-98, 99, 100, 101, 126 see also Craving; Tolerance; Withdrawal symptoms Depression, 22, 23, 29, 84, 95, 105, 155, 159 fluoxetine, 48 see also Dysphoria Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 84, 87 Diarrhea, 24, 155 District of Columbia, 17 Dizziness, 27, 121, 150, 158, 203 Dopamine, 58, 88, 92, 167, 168 Dosage factors, 137, 245, 248, 256 affinity, 42(footnote) AIDS wasting, 156, 157, 158 caffeine, 88 cardiovascular effects, 121 COD, 36, 60-61 cognitive effects, 107 glaucoma treatment, 176, 177, 251 immune system effects, 60-63, 64-67, 68 morphine, 37 multiple sclerosis treatment, 163 neurological disorder treatment, 166, 169 overdosing, 37, 109, 206 pain treatment, 102, 142, 143, 149 psychological effects, 84, 85, 105 psychomotor effects, 51, 53, 85 reproductive effects, 122, 125 respiratory effects, 113 THC, 88, 89, 91, 122, 142, 176, 203, 206, 215, 255 anxiety, 36, 142, 149 glaucoma treatment, 176, 177, 251 pain treatment, 102, 142, 143, 149 psychoactive doses, 85 vomiting, 147, 154 vomiting, 147, 151, 152, 154 see also Dependence; Tolerance Dronabinol, see Marinol Drug Awareness Warning System, 102-103 Drug delivery, 7, 9, 151, 197, 199, 217, 239, 242, 245 inhalation, 7, 9, 57, 94, 150, 154, 165, 175, 197, 203, 206, 215(footnote) Read the entire page →
From page 262... ... , 137, 198-202, 203-204, 208, 213, 214, 217 Dysphoria, 5, 84, 126, 150, 159, 203 see also Anxiety; Depression Dystonia, 166, 168, 245, 250 E Economic factors access and availability, general, 9, 194198, 206-208, 213-214 health insurance, 207 malnutrition, 154, 155 private investment, 178, 195-219 public investment,4, 137, 178, 211, 214, 218 see also Cost factors Efficacy, 9, 11, 14, 19, 20, 30, 54, 57, 88, 107, 108, 126, 144, 179, 217, 243, 256 defined, 4-5 regulatory requirements, 197, 212, 215 see also Clinical studies; Clinical trials Elderly persons, 21 clinical trials, 139 psychological effects, 4, 175 Emesis, see Vomiting Emotional factors, see Psychological effects Endorphins (endogenous opioids) , 35, 43 Epidemiological Catchment Area Program, 97 Epilepsy, 29, 170-173, 177, 245, 250-251 Euphoria, 5, 16, 83-84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 92, 108, 144, 150, 203 Eye diseases, see Glaucoma F Federal government, 194-202 see also Department of Health and Human Services; Drug Enforcement Administration; Food and Drug Administration; Legal issues and legislation; Public investment Fluoxetine, 48 INDEX Food and Drug Administration, 17, 20, 137, 138, 149, 156, 194-198, 199, 200, 202203, 204, 205, 208, 209, 213, 215, 216, 217, 257 Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act, 197(footnote) Read the entire page →
From page 263... ... , 216-217, 218, 240-241, 256257 Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act, 197(footnote) Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 194, 213, 215, 256 foreign/international, 103-104, 217 Marijuana Tax Act, 16 National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Legislation, 17, 18, 200, 213 Orphan Drug Act, 198, 205, 211 patent law, 208-210 Prescription Drug User Fee Act, 195 referenda, vii, 1,17, 18 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 217 state legislation, 17, 18, 102-103, 200, 206207 see also Regulatory issues Lethargy, see Motivation Leukocytes, 59, 62, 64, 109-111, 120 Levonantradol, 44, 57, 142, 148, 149, 210 Ligands, 37, 39, 4041, 42, 45, 53, 64, 194 see also Agonists, receptor; Antagonist, receptor; Receptor binding Lipophilic substances, 25, 39, 175, 206 Louisiana, 17 LSD, 240 Lungs, 5, 111-115, 117, 118, 119, 126, 236, 253 Lymphocytes, general, 59, 64, 112, 118, 155 B cells, 64, 65, 66, 112 T cells, 59, 64-65, 66, 112 M Macrophages, 66, 112-113, 121 Malnutrition, see Appetite; Nutrition Marijuana, general active constituents, 36-37 defined, 2, 24-25 prevalence of use, 92-93, 137 Read the entire page →
From page 264... ... seizures, 22, 29, 90, 170-173, 177, 245, 250-251 see Brain; Movement disorders; Multiple sclerosis; Spasticity; Spinal cord Neurons, general, 2, 37, 38, 46, 47, 48, 49-50, 53, 55, 167, 211 Neuroprotection, 47, 67, 70, 176, 209, 211 Neurotransmitters, 37, 38, 43, 48, 50, 53, 54, 88, 147, 168, 211 dopamine, 58, 88, 92, 167, 168 see also Endorphins; Gammaaminobutyric acid; Serotonin Nevada, vii, 1,17 New drug applications (FDA) , 195-197, 203, 215, 257 New Hampshire, 17 Nicotine, 3, 70, 88, 90, 92, 96, 97, 100 see also Tobacco Norway, 104 Nutrition, 154-156, 158 anorexia nervosa, 159 see also Appetite; Wasting syndrome Read the entire page →
From page 265... ... . Vit, 1 Ohio, 17 Older persons, see Elderly persons Opioids, 3, 35, 37, 43, 53, 54, 55, 58, 69, 70, 88, 92, 102, 233, 246 heroin, 88, 90, 92, 95, 99, 100, 240 morphine, 37, 41, 55, 240 pain treatment, 140, 142 Oregon, vii, 1,17 Orphan Drug Act, 198, 205, 211 pi Pain, treatment of, viii, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 2022, 23, 24, 28-29, 84, 159, 164, 210, 233, 234, 241, 245-247 clinical trials, 7-8, 141-145, 179 dose effects, 102, 142, 143, 149 hyperalgesia, 54, 56, 141 market for, 210, 212 neurophysiology of, 35, 53-56, 70 sedation, 5, 10, 109, 127, 140, 144, 145, 150, 161, 164, 168, 241 standards of analgesic usefulness, general, 140-141 usefulness of analgesics, general, 140-141 Pain, types of, 141-145, 166 acute, 54, 67-68, 141-142 chronic, 8, 21, 22, 23, 30, 53, 54, 67-68, 138, 142-143 definitional issues, 139-140, 141 depression, 22, 23, 29, 48, 84, 95, 105, 155, 159 dysphoria, 5, 84, 126, 150, 159, 203 inflammatory/antiinflammatory effects, 67-68, 112-113, 142, 155, 209 surgical, 142, 145, 247 withdrawal, 3, 6, 35, 58-59, 70, 84, 86, 87, 89-91, 127, 143-144 Paranoia, 84, 105 Parkinson's disease, 49, 167, 168, 198, 209 see also Substantia nigra Peer review, 9, 15 Performance, see Psychomotor performance Pharmaceutical companies, see Private sector Political and social factors, vii, 1, 2, 6-7, 1315,17-19,92,93,94,98,99,202,234 265 National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Legislation, 17, 18, 200, 213 see also Legal issues and legislation; Referenda Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 117, 119 Potency, 41, 46, 214-215 Pregnancy, 122-125, 126, 139, 145 Prescription Drug User Fee Act, 195 Private sector, 178, 195-219 Prostaglandins, 44, 46, 176 Prozac, see Fluoxetine Psychiatric disorders, see Schizophrenia Psychological effects, 3, 4-5, 44, 54, 65, 8392, 101, 104-109, 126, 233, 237, 253254 anorexia nervosa, 159 anxiety, 4, 10, 36, 84, 90, 109, 127, 142, 153, 165, 168, 203 clinical trials, 5, 10, 109, 149 dependence predictors, 95-96, 99, 100, 101, 126 depression, 22, 23, 29, 48, 84, 95, 105, 155, 159 dose effects, 84, 85, 105 DSM-IV, 84, 87 dysphoria, 5, 84, 126, 150, 159, 203 elderly patients, 4, 175 euphoria, 5, 16, 83-84, 88, 92, 108, 150, 203 hallucinations, 84, 90, 106 mood disorders, general, 23, 24 motivation, 58, 105, 107-108, 158, 168, 237, 254 paranoia, 84, 105 receptor physiology, 35 schizophrenia, 105, 106, 159, 253 seizures, impacts of, 172 smoking of marijuana, 5-6, 10-11, 104-109 withdrawal, 3, 6, 35, 58-59, 70, 84, 86, 87, 89-91, 127, 143-144 see also Cognitive effects Psychomotor performance, 5, 85, 89, 107, 108, 125-126, 254 dizziness, 27, 121, 150, 158, 203 dose effects, 51, 53, 85 movement disorders physiology of, 35, 49, 51-53, 55 see also Spasticity Public information, viii, 101 Internet, viii, 16, 245 Public investment, 4, 137, 178, 211, 214, 218 Putamen, 49, 52, 53, 166 Read the entire page →
From page 266... ... 266 R Racial/ethnic factors, 94-95, 173 Receptor binding, 37, 3945, 64, 194, 211 affinity, 42, 44, 46, 51 ligands, 37, 39, 4041, 42, 45, 53, 64, 194 potency, 41, 46 see also Agonists, receptor; Antagonist, receptor Receptors, 2, 3, 33, 34, 35, 37-65, 69-71, 86, 110, 144, 159, 169, 172, 176-177 anandamide, 34, 41, 43-47, 48, 54, 194 brain, 41, 49, 51-59 immune system, 59-64 nausea and vomiting, 146, 147, 152, 153 serotonin, 48, 151, 152-153, 159, 205 Referenda, vii, 1,17, 18 Regulatory issues, 14, 211, 213-218 clinical trials, 195, 196, 200, 202, 208, 211, 213, 218, 256-257 THC, 200-208, 214-215 see also Drug Enforcement Administration; Food and Drug Administration; Legal issues and legislation; Standards Reproductive system effects, 122-125, 126, 139, 145, 253 Research methodology, see Methodology Respiratory system, 5-6, 10, 88, 113-115, 119-120, 127, 146, 236, 253 see also Lungs S Scheduling, 17, 102, 194, 198-213 (passim) , 216-217, 218, 240-241, 256-257 Schizophrenia, 105, 106, 159, 253 Sedation, 5, 10, 109, 127, 140, 144, 145, 150, 161, 164, 168, 241 Seizures, 22, 29, 90,170-173,177,245,250-251 types of, 170 Serotonin, 48, 151, 152-153, 159, 205 Side effects, general, 9, 27, 28, 127, 138, 140, 151, 203, 243, 246 marijuana use, 34, 145, 150, 152, 158, 161, 170, 172, 173, 177 see also Anxiety; Chemotherapy; Memory; Nausea; Sedation; Vomiting Signal transduction, 37, 38, 4041, 43, 57 see also Agonists, receptor; Cellular biology INDEX Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 217 Sleep, 6, 27, 37, 49, 83, 90, 127, 160, 164, 165 Smoking, marijuana, 2, 4, 5, 7-8, 47, 83, 85, 91, 104, 111-127, 177-178, 216, 254255 AIDS wasting, 27-28, 156 carcinogenic effects, 5, 114, 115, 117-121, 237 defined, 2 glaucoma, 174, 175, 177, 251 individual patient accounts, 27-29 movement disorders, 167 physiological effects, 5-6, 10-11, 104-109 spasticity, 161, 163 tolerance, 57, 89 vomiting, control of, 150, 152, 153, 154, 179, 247 wasting syndrome, 27-28, 156, 159 Smoking, tobacco, see Tobacco Social factors, see Political and social factors Spasticity, 23, 24, 143, 169, 245, 249 clinical trials, THC, 160-164, 165, 249 multiple sclerosis, 9, 22, 23, 28, 143, 160161, 162, 163, 198 smoking of marijuana, 161, 163 Spinal cord, 49, 54, 55-56, injury, 23, 145, 159-160, 161, 163-164, 198, 245, 249 Spleen, 46, 59, 64, 66 SR 141716A, 34, 44, 57-58, 65, 69 SR 144528, 34, 44 Standards analgesic usefulness, general, 140-141 cannabinoid drugs, 19, 213, 216, 217 clinical trials, 7-8, 10, 138-139, 179-180 DSM-IV, 84, 87 State-level action legislation, 17, 18, 102-103, 200, 206-207 referenda, vii, 1,17, 18 see also specific states Striatum, 46, 51, 53 Substantia nigra, 49, 51, 52, 53, 167, 168 T Tardive dyskinesia, 166, 168 Taxes, 16 T cells, 59, 62, 64-65, 66, 112, 120 see also Lymphocytes, general Tetrahydrocannabinol, see Marinol; THC Thalamus, 46, 49, 51, 52, 53, 55, 165, 167, 169 Read the entire page →
From page 267... ... , 179,247 smoking of marijuana, 150, 152, 153, 154, 179,247 THC, 148-150, 153 see also Nausea W Washington, D.C., see District of Columbia Washington State, vii, 1,17 Wasting syndrome, 9, 23, 24, 28-29, 144, 154-159, 234, 248 Alzheimer's disease, 173 definitions, 153-154 smoking of marijuana, 27-28, 156, 159 see also AIDS wasting; Appetite WIN 55,212, 42, 44, 64, 65, 88 Wisconsin, 17 Withdrawal symptoms, 3, 6, 35, 58-59, 70, 84, 86, 89-91, 127, 143-144 defined, 86, 87 Women, see Pregnancy; Reproductive system effects World Health Organization, 244-255 (passim) World Wide Web, see Internet Read the entire page →

From page 259...

... Amotivational syndrome, see Motivation Amphetamines, 21, 88, 240 Analgesia, see Pain, treatment of Anandamide, 34, 41, 4347, 48, 54, 194 Animal studies, 3, 35, 36-81, 88, 89, 91, 111, 120, 122-123, 125, 140, 145, 195, 199, 212, 246 movement disorders, 164-165, 167, 170 relevance of, general, 36 Anorexia, see Appetite; Wasting syndrome Anorexia nervosa, 159 Antagonist, receptor, 34, 37, 39, 44, 55, 58, 70 market considerations, 205, 210, 211 nausea and vomiting, 151, 152-153 Antiemesis, see Vomiting 259

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From page 260...

... Bronchi, 113-114, 115, 119 Buyers' clubs, see Cannibis buyers' clubs Cachexia, 145, 154, 155, 158 see also AIDS wasting; Appetite; Wasting syndrome INDEX Caffeine, 88 California, vii, 1,16, 17, 18, 101-102, 104, 204, 207 Canada, 150 Cancer smoking of marijuana as cause, 5, 114, 115, 117-121, 237 treatment of, 22, 23, 142, 145, 154, 158, 159, 204-205; see also Chemotherapy Cannabidiol (CBD) , 3, 36-37, 47, 60-61, 66, 122, 166, 171-172, 214 Cannabinoids, general, vii, viii-ix, 24 defined, 2, 25-26, 194 defined substances, 4 standards, general, 19, 213, 216, 217 see also THC Cannabinol, 25, 37, 64, 66, 110 see also THC Cannibis buyers' clubs, viii, 16,20,21,22,207 defined, 20 Cardiovascular system, 121-122, 251 see also Blood pressure Case studies, 15, 27-29, 117, 119-120, 254 individual patient accounts, 27-29 single-patient clinical trials, 139, 162 COD, see Cannabidiol Cellular biology, 5, 25, 35-59, 69-70, 118119, 120-121 see also Genetics; Immune system; Receptors; Signal transduction Cerebellum, 46, 49, 50, 51, 53, 121, 122 Cesamet, see Nabilone Chemotherapy, viii, 4, 16, 23, 144, 146-153 (passim)

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From page 261...

... , 216-217, 218, 240-241, 256257 Convulsions, see Seizures Cost factors, 9, 16, 206-207, 243 antiemetics, 151, 152 drug development, 195, 196, 203, 206, 217-218 CP 47,497, 210 CP 55,244, 210 CP55,940, 44, 46, 56, 201 Craving, 9, 90, 91-92 CT-3, 67, 209 Cytokines, 62, 66, 67, 112, 120, 157 D DEA, see Drug Enforcement Administration Delivery modes, see Drug delivery Department of Health and Human Services, 199, 200, 201, 217 see also National Institutes of Health Dependence, 6, 9, 57-59, 70, 84, 86, 237 animal research, 35 criteria, 87 legal issues, 16 261 marijuana as a gateway drug, 6-7, 9, 2021, 98-101 predictors of, 93-98, 99, 100, 101, 126 see also Craving; Tolerance; Withdrawal symptoms Depression, 22, 23, 29, 84, 95, 105, 155, 159 fluoxetine, 48 see also Dysphoria Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 84, 87 Diarrhea, 24, 155 District of Columbia, 17 Dizziness, 27, 121, 150, 158, 203 Dopamine, 58, 88, 92, 167, 168 Dosage factors, 137, 245, 248, 256 affinity, 42(footnote) AIDS wasting, 156, 157, 158 caffeine, 88 cardiovascular effects, 121 COD, 36, 60-61 cognitive effects, 107 glaucoma treatment, 176, 177, 251 immune system effects, 60-63, 64-67, 68 morphine, 37 multiple sclerosis treatment, 163 neurological disorder treatment, 166, 169 overdosing, 37, 109, 206 pain treatment, 102, 142, 143, 149 psychological effects, 84, 85, 105 psychomotor effects, 51, 53, 85 reproductive effects, 122, 125 respiratory effects, 113 THC, 88, 89, 91, 122, 142, 176, 203, 206, 215, 255 anxiety, 36, 142, 149 glaucoma treatment, 176, 177, 251 pain treatment, 102, 142, 143, 149 psychoactive doses, 85 vomiting, 147, 154 vomiting, 147, 151, 152, 154 see also Dependence; Tolerance Dronabinol, see Marinol Drug Awareness Warning System, 102-103 Drug delivery, 7, 9, 151, 197, 199, 217, 239, 242, 245 inhalation, 7, 9, 57, 94, 150, 154, 165, 175, 197, 203, 206, 215(footnote)

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From page 262...

... , 137, 198-202, 203-204, 208, 213, 214, 217 Dysphoria, 5, 84, 126, 150, 159, 203 see also Anxiety; Depression Dystonia, 166, 168, 245, 250 E Economic factors access and availability, general, 9, 194198, 206-208, 213-214 health insurance, 207 malnutrition, 154, 155 private investment, 178, 195-219 public investment,4, 137, 178, 211, 214, 218 see also Cost factors Efficacy, 9, 11, 14, 19, 20, 30, 54, 57, 88, 107, 108, 126, 144, 179, 217, 243, 256 defined, 4-5 regulatory requirements, 197, 212, 215 see also Clinical studies; Clinical trials Elderly persons, 21 clinical trials, 139 psychological effects, 4, 175 Emesis, see Vomiting Emotional factors, see Psychological effects Endorphins (endogenous opioids) , 35, 43 Epidemiological Catchment Area Program, 97 Epilepsy, 29, 170-173, 177, 245, 250-251 Euphoria, 5, 16, 83-84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 92, 108, 144, 150, 203 Eye diseases, see Glaucoma F Federal government, 194-202 see also Department of Health and Human Services; Drug Enforcement Administration; Food and Drug Administration; Legal issues and legislation; Public investment Fluoxetine, 48 INDEX Food and Drug Administration, 17, 20, 137, 138, 149, 156, 194-198, 199, 200, 202203, 204, 205, 208, 209, 213, 215, 216, 217, 257 Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act, 197(footnote)

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From page 263...

... , 216-217, 218, 240-241, 256257 Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act, 197(footnote) Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 194, 213, 215, 256 foreign/international, 103-104, 217 Marijuana Tax Act, 16 National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Legislation, 17, 18, 200, 213 Orphan Drug Act, 198, 205, 211 patent law, 208-210 Prescription Drug User Fee Act, 195 referenda, vii, 1,17, 18 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 217 state legislation, 17, 18, 102-103, 200, 206207 see also Regulatory issues Lethargy, see Motivation Leukocytes, 59, 62, 64, 109-111, 120 Levonantradol, 44, 57, 142, 148, 149, 210 Ligands, 37, 39, 4041, 42, 45, 53, 64, 194 see also Agonists, receptor; Antagonist, receptor; Receptor binding Lipophilic substances, 25, 39, 175, 206 Louisiana, 17 LSD, 240 Lungs, 5, 111-115, 117, 118, 119, 126, 236, 253 Lymphocytes, general, 59, 64, 112, 118, 155 B cells, 64, 65, 66, 112 T cells, 59, 64-65, 66, 112 M Macrophages, 66, 112-113, 121 Malnutrition, see Appetite; Nutrition Marijuana, general active constituents, 36-37 defined, 2, 24-25 prevalence of use, 92-93, 137

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From page 264...

... seizures, 22, 29, 90, 170-173, 177, 245, 250-251 see Brain; Movement disorders; Multiple sclerosis; Spasticity; Spinal cord Neurons, general, 2, 37, 38, 46, 47, 48, 49-50, 53, 55, 167, 211 Neuroprotection, 47, 67, 70, 176, 209, 211 Neurotransmitters, 37, 38, 43, 48, 50, 53, 54, 88, 147, 168, 211 dopamine, 58, 88, 92, 167, 168 see also Endorphins; Gammaaminobutyric acid; Serotonin Nevada, vii, 1,17 New drug applications (FDA) , 195-197, 203, 215, 257 New Hampshire, 17 Nicotine, 3, 70, 88, 90, 92, 96, 97, 100 see also Tobacco Norway, 104 Nutrition, 154-156, 158 anorexia nervosa, 159 see also Appetite; Wasting syndrome

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From page 265...

... . Vit, 1 Ohio, 17 Older persons, see Elderly persons Opioids, 3, 35, 37, 43, 53, 54, 55, 58, 69, 70, 88, 92, 102, 233, 246 heroin, 88, 90, 92, 95, 99, 100, 240 morphine, 37, 41, 55, 240 pain treatment, 140, 142 Oregon, vii, 1,17 Orphan Drug Act, 198, 205, 211 pi Pain, treatment of, viii, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 2022, 23, 24, 28-29, 84, 159, 164, 210, 233, 234, 241, 245-247 clinical trials, 7-8, 141-145, 179 dose effects, 102, 142, 143, 149 hyperalgesia, 54, 56, 141 market for, 210, 212 neurophysiology of, 35, 53-56, 70 sedation, 5, 10, 109, 127, 140, 144, 145, 150, 161, 164, 168, 241 standards of analgesic usefulness, general, 140-141 usefulness of analgesics, general, 140-141 Pain, types of, 141-145, 166 acute, 54, 67-68, 141-142 chronic, 8, 21, 22, 23, 30, 53, 54, 67-68, 138, 142-143 definitional issues, 139-140, 141 depression, 22, 23, 29, 48, 84, 95, 105, 155, 159 dysphoria, 5, 84, 126, 150, 159, 203 inflammatory/antiinflammatory effects, 67-68, 112-113, 142, 155, 209 surgical, 142, 145, 247 withdrawal, 3, 6, 35, 58-59, 70, 84, 86, 87, 89-91, 127, 143-144 Paranoia, 84, 105 Parkinson's disease, 49, 167, 168, 198, 209 see also Substantia nigra Peer review, 9, 15 Performance, see Psychomotor performance Pharmaceutical companies, see Private sector Political and social factors, vii, 1, 2, 6-7, 1315,17-19,92,93,94,98,99,202,234 265 National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Legislation, 17, 18, 200, 213 see also Legal issues and legislation; Referenda Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 117, 119 Potency, 41, 46, 214-215 Pregnancy, 122-125, 126, 139, 145 Prescription Drug User Fee Act, 195 Private sector, 178, 195-219 Prostaglandins, 44, 46, 176 Prozac, see Fluoxetine Psychiatric disorders, see Schizophrenia Psychological effects, 3, 4-5, 44, 54, 65, 8392, 101, 104-109, 126, 233, 237, 253254 anorexia nervosa, 159 anxiety, 4, 10, 36, 84, 90, 109, 127, 142, 153, 165, 168, 203 clinical trials, 5, 10, 109, 149 dependence predictors, 95-96, 99, 100, 101, 126 depression, 22, 23, 29, 48, 84, 95, 105, 155, 159 dose effects, 84, 85, 105 DSM-IV, 84, 87 dysphoria, 5, 84, 126, 150, 159, 203 elderly patients, 4, 175 euphoria, 5, 16, 83-84, 88, 92, 108, 150, 203 hallucinations, 84, 90, 106 mood disorders, general, 23, 24 motivation, 58, 105, 107-108, 158, 168, 237, 254 paranoia, 84, 105 receptor physiology, 35 schizophrenia, 105, 106, 159, 253 seizures, impacts of, 172 smoking of marijuana, 5-6, 10-11, 104-109 withdrawal, 3, 6, 35, 58-59, 70, 84, 86, 87, 89-91, 127, 143-144 see also Cognitive effects Psychomotor performance, 5, 85, 89, 107, 108, 125-126, 254 dizziness, 27, 121, 150, 158, 203 dose effects, 51, 53, 85 movement disorders physiology of, 35, 49, 51-53, 55 see also Spasticity Public information, viii, 101 Internet, viii, 16, 245 Public investment, 4, 137, 178, 211, 214, 218 Putamen, 49, 52, 53, 166

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... 266 R Racial/ethnic factors, 94-95, 173 Receptor binding, 37, 3945, 64, 194, 211 affinity, 42, 44, 46, 51 ligands, 37, 39, 4041, 42, 45, 53, 64, 194 potency, 41, 46 see also Agonists, receptor; Antagonist, receptor Receptors, 2, 3, 33, 34, 35, 37-65, 69-71, 86, 110, 144, 159, 169, 172, 176-177 anandamide, 34, 41, 43-47, 48, 54, 194 brain, 41, 49, 51-59 immune system, 59-64 nausea and vomiting, 146, 147, 152, 153 serotonin, 48, 151, 152-153, 159, 205 Referenda, vii, 1,17, 18 Regulatory issues, 14, 211, 213-218 clinical trials, 195, 196, 200, 202, 208, 211, 213, 218, 256-257 THC, 200-208, 214-215 see also Drug Enforcement Administration; Food and Drug Administration; Legal issues and legislation; Standards Reproductive system effects, 122-125, 126, 139, 145, 253 Research methodology, see Methodology Respiratory system, 5-6, 10, 88, 113-115, 119-120, 127, 146, 236, 253 see also Lungs S Scheduling, 17, 102, 194, 198-213 (passim) , 216-217, 218, 240-241, 256-257 Schizophrenia, 105, 106, 159, 253 Sedation, 5, 10, 109, 127, 140, 144, 145, 150, 161, 164, 168, 241 Seizures, 22, 29, 90,170-173,177,245,250-251 types of, 170 Serotonin, 48, 151, 152-153, 159, 205 Side effects, general, 9, 27, 28, 127, 138, 140, 151, 203, 243, 246 marijuana use, 34, 145, 150, 152, 158, 161, 170, 172, 173, 177 see also Anxiety; Chemotherapy; Memory; Nausea; Sedation; Vomiting Signal transduction, 37, 38, 4041, 43, 57 see also Agonists, receptor; Cellular biology INDEX Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 217 Sleep, 6, 27, 37, 49, 83, 90, 127, 160, 164, 165 Smoking, marijuana, 2, 4, 5, 7-8, 47, 83, 85, 91, 104, 111-127, 177-178, 216, 254255 AIDS wasting, 27-28, 156 carcinogenic effects, 5, 114, 115, 117-121, 237 defined, 2 glaucoma, 174, 175, 177, 251 individual patient accounts, 27-29 movement disorders, 167 physiological effects, 5-6, 10-11, 104-109 spasticity, 161, 163 tolerance, 57, 89 vomiting, control of, 150, 152, 153, 154, 179, 247 wasting syndrome, 27-28, 156, 159 Smoking, tobacco, see Tobacco Social factors, see Political and social factors Spasticity, 23, 24, 143, 169, 245, 249 clinical trials, THC, 160-164, 165, 249 multiple sclerosis, 9, 22, 23, 28, 143, 160161, 162, 163, 198 smoking of marijuana, 161, 163 Spinal cord, 49, 54, 55-56, injury, 23, 145, 159-160, 161, 163-164, 198, 245, 249 Spleen, 46, 59, 64, 66 SR 141716A, 34, 44, 57-58, 65, 69 SR 144528, 34, 44 Standards analgesic usefulness, general, 140-141 cannabinoid drugs, 19, 213, 216, 217 clinical trials, 7-8, 10, 138-139, 179-180 DSM-IV, 84, 87 State-level action legislation, 17, 18, 102-103, 200, 206-207 referenda, vii, 1,17, 18 see also specific states Striatum, 46, 51, 53 Substantia nigra, 49, 51, 52, 53, 167, 168 T Tardive dyskinesia, 166, 168 Taxes, 16 T cells, 59, 62, 64-65, 66, 112, 120 see also Lymphocytes, general Tetrahydrocannabinol, see Marinol; THC Thalamus, 46, 49, 51, 52, 53, 55, 165, 167, 169

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... , 179,247 smoking of marijuana, 150, 152, 153, 154, 179,247 THC, 148-150, 153 see also Nausea W Washington, D.C., see District of Columbia Washington State, vii, 1,17 Wasting syndrome, 9, 23, 24, 28-29, 144, 154-159, 234, 248 Alzheimer's disease, 173 definitions, 153-154 smoking of marijuana, 27-28, 156, 159 see also AIDS wasting; Appetite WIN 55,212, 42, 44, 64, 65, 88 Wisconsin, 17 Withdrawal symptoms, 3, 6, 35, 58-59, 70, 84, 86, 89-91, 127, 143-144 defined, 86, 87 Women, see Pregnancy; Reproductive system effects World Health Organization, 244-255 (passim) World Wide Web, see Internet

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Index Pages 259-267

Index
Pages 259-267