Skip to main content

Currently Skimming:

Index
Pages 547-612

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.


From page 547...
... See Air Force Health Study (AFHS) Aflatoxin, I: 453 Africa sub-Saharan, II: 181; III: 282 Age and aging acute lymphocytic leukemia incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 384 acute myeloid leukemia incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 384 bone cancer incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 302 brain cancer incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 356
From page 548...
... 548 VETERANS AND AGENT ORANGE: UPDATE 1998 breast cancer incidence in US women, data for selected age groups, III: 324 cancer age-specific incidence, I: 436-438 chronic lymphocytic leukemia incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 384 chronic myeloid leukemia incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 384 diabetes prevalence, data by age, III: 492 epidemiologic studies, control of aging effects, II: 261-262; III: 409 female reproductive system cancer incidence, data by type, for selected age groups, III: 329, 330 gastrointestinal tract cancer incidence, data by type for selected age groups, III: 267 Hodgkin's disease incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 372 laryngeal cancer incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 292 latency and, II: 261-262, 273, 275; III: 409, 414-415, 425, 428, 430 leukemia incidence, data by type, for selected age groups, III: 384 liver/intrahepatic bile duct cancers incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 282 lung cancer incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 296 melanoma incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 313 multiple myeloma incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 377 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 289 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma age of onset, I: 436 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 362 prostate cancer incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 334 renal cancers incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 352 soft-tissue sarcoma age of onset, I: 436 soft-tissue sarcoma incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 306 testicular cancer incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 343 urinary bladder cancer incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 347 See also Demographic data, Vietnam veterans Agent Blue, I: 27, 89-90, 93, 97, 100; III: 136, 137 volume used in Operation Ranch Hand, data, III: 136 Agent Green, I: 27, 90, 92, 114; III: 136, 137, 140, 146 volume used in Operation Ranch Hand, data, III: 136 Agent Orange, II: 308; III: 130, 159, 315, 344, 359, 389, 407, 444, 460, 462, 489, 491 Air Force research activities, II: 31-32; III: 28-29 birth defects association, II: 298, 300; III: 435 cancer latency issues, II: 260-276; III: 407-431 chemical composition, I: 27; II: 102 chloracne association, II: 317, 318; III: 479 congressional hearings, II: 27-28; III: 25 defoliant effectiveness, I: 90 Department of Veterans Affairs activities II: 29-31, 153, 156-157; III: 27-28 Environmental Protection Agency research activities, II: 32; III: 29-30 exposure opportunity index (EOI) , II: 290-291; III: 146- 148 federal government action/research, I: 45 60; II: 27-32; III: 27-32 health effects of, concerns, I: 2; II: 19-23, 26-27; III: 19-20, 236, 237, 240, 242, 243 International Agency for Research on Cancer research activities, III: 30 legislation, I: 47-52; II: 28-29; III: 26-27 Orange II formulation, I: 90; III: 137 product liability litigation, I: 34-35 spontaneous abortion increased risk, II: 283 suspension of use, I: 92-93; II: 26 TCDD as contaminant of, I: 91, 114, 126 127; II: 102; III: 140 Vietnam amount used, I: 1, 27, 74, 90, 97-98, 106; II: 1, 26; III: 136 Vietnam military application, I: 1, 3, 27, 74, 84-85, 90, 92-93, 97-107, 543 545; II: 1, 26-27; III: 1, 25, 136-138, 140 Vietnam surplus disposal, I: 93-94 Vietnam veterans' concerns, I: 32-34; II: 26-27
From page 549...
... data, III: 136 Agent Purple, I: 27, 89, 92, 114; III: 136, 140, 146 TCDD in, I: 126 volume used in Operation Ranch Hand, data, III: 136 Agent White, I: 27, 90, 92-93, 97, 115, 189; III: 136, 137 volume used in Operation Ranch Hand, data, III: 136 Agricultural/forestry workers brain tumors, I: 320, 523; II: 136 Canadian Farmer Cohort, II: 135- 136 cancers, I: 13, 37, 320-323, 443, 447, 454; II: 133-137, 179 case-control studies, I: 326-341, 486-488; II: 118-122, 138-140; III: 185-195, 228-232 cohort studies, I: 318-323; II: 118- 120, 135-137, 197-198; III: 178-185, 224 228 549 epidemiologic studies, I: 37, 318-323; II: 118-120, 135-137, 232-234, 238-239, 241-243; III: 178-195, 224-232, 284 285, 335, 364-365, 379-380, 387-388 female reproductive and breast cancers, I: 510-511 hepatobiliary cancer, I: 454; II: 183- 184; III: 284-285 herbicide exposure assessment, I: 265 266; III: 154-157 Hodgkin's disease, I: 550-553; II: 135 Irish agricultural workers study, II: 136 137 kidney cancer, I: 515 leukemia, I: 332-335, 566-568; II: 136; III: 387-388 multiple myelomas, I: 11-12, 558-561; II: 138-139, 238-239, 241-243; III: 379 380 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, I: 9, 256-257, 530-540; II: 138, 139, 232-234; III: 364-365 prostate cancer, I: 11, 518, 519, 575; II: 8 9; III: 335 reproductive outcomes, I: 510-511, 598 respiratory cancer, I: 11, 466; II: 197-198 soft-tissue sarcomas, I: 37, 326-328, 479 481, 486-488 sperm dysfunction, I: 632 suicide, I: 650 See also Forests; Professional herbicide/ pesticide applicators Agricultural herbicides, I: 24, 35, 39, 174-175, 181; II: 137-139 See also Herbicides Agriculture. See Agricultural/forestry workers; Food crops; Forests Ah receptor (AhR)
From page 550...
... , I: 62-63, 260, 272, 622; II: 284, 293-295, 336; III: 23, 25, 29, 239, 438-439, 495, 505, 514 appropriation for, I: 51 autoimmune disease in, I: 698 basal/squamous cell skin cancer in, III: 318, 321, 322 baseline mortality studies, II: 151 birth defects in offspring, II: 286, 293 295; III: 436, 438, 439 bone cancer in, III: 303 cancer and latency in, III: 423, 424, 425, 427
From page 551...
... , III: 492, 493, 502 American Industrial Hygiene Association, II: 25 American Journal of Epidemiology, II: 281 American Legion, I: 60, 278-279, 399, 601 602, 626, 633; II: 113, 157 Vietnam veterans' epidemiologic studies, III: 212-213, 243 American Public Health Association, II: 25 American Thoracic Society Epidemiology Standardization Questionnaire, II: 136
From page 552...
... Asthma, I: 708, 711, 713 See also Respiratory disorders Ataxia, I: 658 See also Motor/coordination dysfunction; Neurobehavioral toxicity Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, I: 387 Atlanta, Georgia, II: 241, 296; III: 229 CDC Birth Defects Study, II: 9; III: 438 Atlantic Ocean, III: 108 Australia, I: 61, 91, 340, 406, 418, 444, 470, 488-489, 537, 546, 614-615, 633, 702, 710; II: 113, 132, 149, 160, 202, 293; III: 216-217, 218, 237, 244-245 Air Force veterans, III: 244 Army veterans, III: 244, 245 Australian National Service Vietnam veterans, III: 273, 286 Bureau of Statistics Health Interview Survey, 1989-1990, III: 245, 485, 511, 517 Department of Defense, III: 244, 245 Department of Veterans Affairs, III: 244, 245 Electoral Commission rolls, III: 245 Health Insurance Medicare, III: 245 herbicide use by forces, III: 137-138 lung cancer mortality in Vietnam veterans, III: 424
From page 553...
... See Methodological bias Binghamton, New York, III: 234 Biochemical warfare, I: 29, 45 Biologic plausibility, II: 88, 92; III: 2, 124, 128 Ah receptor-TCDD interaction, I: 3, 133 137, 439, 452-453; III: 129 altered sperm parameters, I: 634; III: 451 animal studies, I: 228; II: 176; III: 460 462, 474-475 basal/squamous cell skin cancer, III: 322 birth defects, II: 298; III: 444 bladder cancer, III: 351 bone cancer, I: 474; III: 304 brain tumors, I: 525; III: 362 breast cancer, II: 217; III: 327, 329 carcinogenicity, I: 116-118, 119, 146, 176-178, 182-184, 187, 190-191, 439, 451; II: 176; III: 394-397 childhood cancer, I: 630; II: 300 chloracne, I: 678; II: 320-321; III: 480 circulatory disorders, I: 708; III: 518 diabetes mellitus, I: 692; II: 335; III: 502 503 evidentiary role of, I: 111, 114, 223-224, 240-241, 434; II: 88, 92, 176; III: 23 female reproductive system cancers, I: 512; III: 334 fetal/neonatal/infant death, I: 624; III: 453 gastrointestinal tract cancers, III: 281-282 gastrointestinal ulcers, III: 513-514 genitourinary tract cancers, I: 521-522 genotoxicity, I: 178-179, 184, 187-188, 191 hepatobiliary cancer, I: 452-457; III: 286, 288 Hodgkin's disease, I: 557; III: 377 hyperlipidemia, I: 692 immunotoxicity, I: 122, 146-151, 181, 192, 699; III: 491 infertility, I: 634; II: 282; III: 451 laryngeal cancer, III: 295 leukemia, I: 571; III: 390 liver disorders, I: 691-692; II: 335; III: 513-514 low-birthweight outcomes, I: 628; III: 458 lung cancer, III: 302 male-mediated reproductive outcomes, I: 593-595; III: 451 melanoma, III: 317 motor/coordination dysfunction, I: 661; III: 475 multiple myeloma, I: 12, 563; III: 383
From page 554...
... Births. See Birth defects; Low birthweight; Perinatal death; Preterm delivery biologic plausibility, III: 351 epidemiologic studies, I: 515-517; II: 225227; III: 347-351 epidemiology; II: 223; III: 347 herbicide association in, I: 12, 521, 576; II: 7, 12, 21, 225-227, 250; III: 3, 10, 21, 132, 347-351 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: 349, 350-351 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 348, 350 histopathology, I: 513 incidence, I: 513 incidence, data by age/gender/race, for selected age groups, III: 347 risk factors, I: 513-514 scientific literature update, II: 226-227; III: 348-349 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 513, 517, 522; II: 223, 226; III: 349, 351 See also Genitourinary cancers Body mass index (BMI)
From page 555...
... INDEX herbicide association in, I: 13, 473-474, 577; II: 6, 11, 20, 204-205, 249-250; III: 7, 10, 303-305 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: 303, 305 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 303, 305 incidence of, data by gender/race, for selected age groups, III: 302 scientific literature update, II: 204-205; III: 303 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 473, 474; II: 204 Vietnam veterans studies, III: 303, 305 Boston Hospital for Women, II: 291-292 Brain tumors, I: 339 2,4-D exposure and, I: 119, 176-177 agricultural workers and, I: 320; II: 136 biologic plausibility, III: 362 clinical features, I: 522 epidemiologic studies, II: 136, 229-230; III: 356-361 epidemiology, I: 522-523; II: 228-229; III: 356 herbicide association in, I: 12, 525, 576; II: 7, 12, 21, 229-230, 250; III: 8, 12, 21, 356-362 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: 358, 361 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 357-358, 360 incidence, data by gender/race, for selected age groups, III: 356 scientific literature update, II: 229-230; III: 357-359 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 525; II: 228 229, 230 Vietnam veterans studies, III: 358-359, 361 Breast cancer agricultural workers and, I: 510 biologic plausibility, II: 217; III: 327, 329 epidemiologic studies, II: 214-216, 217; III: 324-328 epidemiology, I: 505, 506-507; II: 213214; III: 322, 324 herbicide association in, I: 13; II: 6, 11, 12, 20, 89, 213-217, 249-250; III: 7, 10, 324-329 herbicide environmental exposure studies, I: 511, 512; III: 328 555 herbicide occupational exposure studies, II: 214-216; III: 324-326, 328 histopathology, I: 505-506 incidence in US women, data by race, for selected age groups, III: 324 risk, estimated, II: 218 risk factors, I: 507 scientific literature update, III: 326-327 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 505, 511, 213, 216-217; III: 329 Vietnam veterans studies, III: 326, 328 See also Reproductive system cancers, women British Columbia, Canada, III: 10, 227-228, 338, 439-440, 447-448, 449, 452, 453, 457 Cancer Incidence File, III: 227 Death File, III: 227 Division of Vital Statistics, III: 452, 457 Health Surveillance Registry, III: 227, 439 Bronchitis, I: 708, 711, 713 See also Respiratory disorders Bronchus cancer. See Lung cancer Brown, Jesse, II: 24; III: 24, 25 Bureau of Labor Statistics, I: 79, 80 Bureau of the Census, III: 231 n-Butyl esters, I: 27 C Cacodylic acid, I: 88-89; II: 4; III: 5, 19, 32, 135, 136, 137, 218 acute toxicity, I: 188 animal studies, I: 185-189; II: 50-51; III: 34, 38, 48, 49-50, 396 carcinogenicity, I: 118, 119, 187; II: 40; III: 396 chemical properties/structure, I: 111, 114, 186; II: 38; III: 32 chronic exposure, I: 188-189 developmental toxicity, I: 124, 189 dimethylarsenic radical formation and, II: 4 disease outcomes, III: 34, 50 domestic use, I: 185- 186 genotoxicity, I: 119, 187-188 kidney toxicity, I: 125; II: 42 mechanism of action, II: 50; III: 38, 49-50 mechanisms of toxicity, II: 50-51 metabolism, I: 115, 116
From page 556...
... 556 pharmacokinetics, I: 186- 187 renal toxicity, II: 50-51 reproductive toxicity, I: 124, 189; II: 42 toxicity update summary, II: 50 toxicokinetics, II: 50; III: 32-33, 48 Vietnam formulations, I: 186 volume used in Operation Ranch Hand, data, III: 136 Calcium homeostasis of and 2,4,5-T, II: 4 California, I: 341; III: 232 See also Irvine, California Ca Mau peninsula, Vietnam, I: 100, 104 Camp Drum, New York, I: 25-26, 89 Canada, I: 11, 319-320, 323, 374-375, 443, 467-468, 537-539, 620, 650; II: 8, 132, 135-136, 140, 219-220, 243, 248; III: 226, 232, 303, 309, 335, 344, 348, 353 Census of Agriculture, 1971, II: 135 Census of Population, 1971, II: 135 Central Farm Register, 1971, II: 135 Central Farm Register, 1981, II: 135 Mortality Data Base, II: 135; III: 227 Mortality Study of Canadian Male Farm Operators, II: 135- 136; III: 224 Saskatchewan Cancer Foundation, II: 139 Saskatchewan Hospital Services Plan, II: 139 Statistics Canada, III: 227 See also Alberta, Canada; British Columbia, Canada; Manitoba, Canada; New Brunswick, Canada; Ontario, Canada; Saskatchewan, Canada Cancer age-specific incidence, I: 436-438 agricultural workers and, I: 320-323, 443; II: 136, 137-138 biologic plausibility, I: 116-118, 119, 434; II: 176; III: 394-397 children and, I: 14, 594-595, 628-631 clinical features, I: 433-436 epidemiologic studies, I: 45, 317, 320323, 325-326, 367, 383-384, 391-393, 443-445; II: 133- 138, 147- 148 epidemiology, I: 433, 435-438, 442, 525; II: 175; III: 265-266 herbicide association, insufficient evidence for determining, I: 13-14, 577-578; II: 249-250; III: 393 VETERANS AND AGENT ORANGE: UPDATE 1998 herbicide association, limited/suggestive evidence of, I: 10-12, 574-576; II: 247-249; III: 393 herbicide association, no evidence of, I: 12-13, 576-577; II: 250; III: 393-394 herbicide association, sufficient evidence of, I: 8-10, 572-574; II: 175, 176, 247; III: 390, 392 herbicide environmental exposure epidemiologic studies, I: 444, 469; II: 147-148 herbicide exposure measures, II: 175, 176; III: 265-266 herbicide occupational exposure studies, I: 443-444; II: 133, 134 herbicide/pesticide applicators and, I: 320-321, 323, 325-326, 443, 447, 466 468, 488, 491; II: 137-138 herbicides, categories of association in, I: 572 mortality studies, I: 442-445; II: 133, 134, 136, 137, 263; III: 410-411, 421, 422, 423, 424, 426, 427, 429 multistage model, I: 142-143, 434, 439 P450 induction to, I: 144-145, 170 phenoxy herbicide association in, I: 483; III: 422, 423, 429 research priorities, I: 19, 727 research recommendations, I: 19, 727 risk assessment, I: 442-443, 578; II: 251, 276; III: 430-431 site groupings for ICD-9 cancer codes, III: 537-539 TCDD animal studies, I: 138-142; II: 176; III: 394, 396 TCDD genotoxicity, I: 143-144 TCDD in initiation/promotion, I: 116, 142-143, 434, 439 TCDD in P450 induction to, I: 144-145 Vietnam civilians, II: 148 Vietnam veterans, expected incidence, I: 439-440, 442, 452, 460-461, 473, 475, 501, 505, 513, 522, 526, 564; II: 176 177; III: 266-267 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 391-393, 401, 402-403, 405, 436-438, 444-445, 578; II: 251, 276; III: 397, 430-431 See also Latency effects in cancer studies; specific cancers; specific cancer sites Carcinogen(s)
From page 557...
... Study, I: 610; II: 289-290 Cerebrovascular disease, I: 702 stroke, I: 658, 659, 660 Cervical cancer, I: 13, 505, 509, 510, 512; II: 6; III: 329, 330, 332 Chemical production. See Herbicides; Industrial accidents; Production workers Chemicals and chemical industry Agent Orange product liability litigation, I: 34-35 CDD contamination in production, I: 91, 126 hexachlorophene production, I: 40; II: 128 production workers exposure studies, I: 303-318; II: 114-118, 128-135, 171175, 182-183, 191, 193-197, 206-207, 232, 237-238, 273-274, 275; III: 170178, 218, 219-224, 284, 363-364, 378379, 386-387, 420, 423, 426, 429 See also Herbicides; Industrial accidents
From page 558...
... , II: 129 See also Respiratory disorders Circulatory disorders biologic plausibility, III: 518 definition, II: 335, 337; III: 514 epidemiologic studies, I: 700-707; II: 335337; III: 514-518 epidemiology, III: 514 herbicide association in, I: 14, 708; II: 7, 11, 21, 335-337; III: 3, 8, 514-518 morbidity studies, II: 336 mortality studies, II: 335 research methodology, I: 699-700; II: 335 scientific literature update, II: 336-337; III: 515-518 Vietnam veterans and, II: 336; III: 514 See also Angina; Cardiovascular system disorders; Depressive disorders; Hypertension; Myocardial infarction Cleanup efforts. See Hazardous materials disposal and cleanup Cleft lip/palate, I: 373-374, 375, 611, 612 See also Birth defects Clinton, William J., III: 24 CLL.
From page 559...
... See 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) Data sources Agent Orange Registry, I: 20, 53, 56, 729; II: 153 agricultural/forestry worker studies, I: 265-266, 318-341 animal studies, I: 111-114, 228 biological stored samples as, I: 20-21, 729-730 case reports, I: 235-236 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention studies, I: 387-391; II: 113 155-156; III: 207-209, 218, 240 chemical production workers, I: 303-318 computerized databases, I: 735-736; II: 24-25, 31 Department of Veterans Affairs epidemiologic studies, I: 393-399; II: 152, 153; III: 209-212, 218, 240-243
From page 560...
... DDT, I: 87, 91 Death certificates, I: 236-237; II: 128, 136, 137-138, 151; III: 470 See also Data sources VETERANS AND AGENT ORANGE: UPDATE 1998 Deaths 2,4-D lethality, III: 44-45 Australian Vietnam veterans' lung cancer deaths, III: 424 female reproductive system cancer deaths, by cancer site, III: 329 Finland male herbicide applicators' respiratory cancer mortality, II: 271 Germany herbicide/chemical production workers' cancer mortality, III: 423, 429 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma mortality, III: 429 prostate cancer mortality, III: 426, 427 respiratory cancer mortality, III: 421, 422, 423 Seveso, Italy, male cancer mortality, II: 271, 275; III: 422, 427 TCDD lethality, III: 71-73 See also Child mortality studies; Mortality studies; Perinatal death Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC) , II: 24-25 See also Department of Defense, U.S.
From page 561...
... Depressive disorders, I: 650, 651 See also Cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders; Neurobehavioral toxicity Dermal toxicity TCDD and, II: 76; III: 73-74 Desiccant herbicides, I: 88-89; III: 136 See also Herbicides Detroit, Michigan, II: 241; III: 229 Developmental disorders 2,4-D in, I: 180- 181; II: 42; III: 46 2,4,5-T in, I: 185; II: 42, 49-50 cacodylic acid in, I: 189; II: 42 neurological, I: 660 picloram in, I: 192; II: 42 TCDD in, I: 123-124, 149, 156-157, 159160, 185; II: 3, 41-42, 71, 72-73; III: 92- 105 See also Low birthweight Diabetes mellitus, I: 683-685, 691, 692, 698; II: 7 biologic plausibility, III: 502-503 diagnostic criteria, III: 493, 494 epidemiologic concerns, III: 494 epidemiologic studies, II: 330-331; III: 494-502 epidemiology, II: 330; III: 491-492, 493 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: 497 herbicide exposure and, II: 332-333; III: 2, 11-12, 125, 494-503 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 496 pathogenetic diversity of, III: 494 peripheral neuropathy and, relationship, III: 471-472 prevalence, data by age/race/gender, III: 492 scientific literature update, II: 330-331; III: 496, 497 Vietnam veterans and, II: 330; III: 2, 11 12, 495, 497, 498, 500, 502 Diamond Shamrock Corporation, I: 34, 35 Diazinon, I: 91 Dibenzofurans, I: 126 Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)
From page 562...
... See 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p formulations, I: 175 genotoxicity, I: 119, 178-179 half-life of, II: 4 immunotoxicity, I: 122, 181; II: 41; III: 46, 524 infertility and, II: 280-282 ingestion of, I: 653 kidney toxicity, I: 125; II: 42 lethality, III: 44-45 liver toxicity, I: 125; II: 42; III: 524 mechanism of action, II: 47-48; III: 44 mechanisms of toxicity, II: 48-49 metabolism, I: 115, 116 military field tests, I: 26 neurobehavioral disorders and, II: 305; III: 475 neuropsychiatric outcomes and, I: 649, 650, 653 neurotoxicity, II: 48; III: 45-46 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and, I: 256 257, 574 occupational exposure, I: 36, 37, 310-311, 321; III: 218, 224, 225, 226 peripheral neuropathy and, II: 312; III: 473 pharmacokinetics, I: 175 porphyria cutanea tarda and, II: 322 reproductive toxicity, I: 124, 180-181, 597-598; II: 41, 280-282; III: 46, 460, 461-462 role of, I: 88 teratogenic potential, I: 30, 92 therapeutic application, I: 659 dioxin (TCDD) ; Dioxin-responsive enhancers; Dioxin toxic equivalent factors (Teq factors)
From page 563...
... 563 Environmental herbicide exposure accidental exposures, I: 364-365, 368 370; II: 141-143, 144, 148 acute and subacute transient peripheral neuropathy and, II: 312-313 agricultural areas exposure, I: 372-375 Alsea, Oregon, I: 39, 42-43, 372-373, 598; II: 149 assessment strategies, I: 262-263, 267 270; III: 144-145, 156-157 basal/squamous cell skin cancer and, III: 323 birth defects and, I: 608-609; II: 140, 287 288; III: 437 birthweight, low, and, III: 459 bladder cancer and, I: 516-517; III: 349, 350-351 bone cancer and, III: 303, 305 brain tumors and, I: 523; III: 358, 361 breast cancer and, III: 328 breast cancer estimated risk, II: 218 cancer risk factor, I: 442 cancer studies, I: 442, 444, 454-455, 469; II: 147-148, 179-180, 184 chloracne and, I: 676-677 circulatory disorders and, I: 701-702 diabetes and, III: 497 epidemiologic studies, I: 3, 301, 365-384, 469; II: 3, 6-7, 140-149; III: 197-205, 218, 232-236, 271-272, 275, 277, 279 281, 283, 285, 287-288, 290, 291, 297-298, 301, 303, 305, 309, 316, 323, 328, 333, 336, 338, 342, 344, 345, 349, 350-351, 353, 354, 358, 361, 365, 369, 373, 375, 380, 382, 388-389, 392, 437, 454, 455, 456, 459, 467, 497, 520 evidentiary role of research on, I: 4-5, 222-223, 241-242 female reproductive system cancers and. I: 511;III: 333 gastrointestinal tract tumors and, II: 179 180; III: 271-272, 275, 277, 279-281 hepatobiliary cancers and, I: 454-455; II: 184, 185, 186; III: 283, 285, 287-288 Hodgkin's disease and, II: 236; III: 373, 375 immune modulation and, I: 693-694 infant death and, III: 456 leukemia and, I: 568-570; III: 388-389, 392 lipid/lipoprotein disorders and, III: 520
From page 564...
... Epidemiologic studies acute and subacute transient peripheral neuropathy, II: 312-314 aging effects control, II: 261-262; III: 409 agricultural/forestry workers, I: 318-323, 326-341; II: 118-120, 135-137, 183, 197-198, 232-234, 238-239, 241-243; III: 178-195, 224-232, 335, 364-365, 379-380, 387-388 Air Force personnel involved in herbicide spraying, II: 31-32; III: 28-29 altered sperm parameters, I: 632; III: 445 449, 450 autoimmunity, I: 697-698; II: 7; III: 488 491 basal/squamous cell skin cancer, III: 317 322, 323 birth defects, I: 607-618; II: 7, 140, 286 296; III: 436, 437-438, 443 bladder cancer, I: 515-517; II: 7, 225-227; III: 7, 10, 347-351 bone cancer, I: 472-473; II: 6, 204-205; III: 7, 10, 303-305 brain tumors, I: 523; II: 7, 136, 229-230; III: 8, 12, 356-361 breast cancer, II: 6, 176, 213-217, 218; III: 7, 10, 324-328 cancer, I: 45, 59, 317, 320-323, 367, 383 384, 391-393, 401, 402-403, 435-445, 574; II: 133-138, 147-148, 175, 176; III: 265-266 cancer latency issues, II: 260-276; III: 407-431 case-control studies, I: 326-341; II: 94-95, 118-127, 138-140, 144-146, 148-149, 155 157, 159-160, 183-184, 186-187, 188, 190, 193, 200, 222-223, 240-241; III: 173, 175, 185-195, 201-204, 208 217, 228-232 cervical cancer, III: 332 chemical industry production workers, I: 303-318; II: 114-118, 128-135, 191, 193-197, 206-207, 232, 237-238; III: 170-178, 218, 219-224, 363-364, 378 379, 386-387 childhood cancer, I: 628-630; II: 7, 299 200 chloracne, I: 674-678; II: 5, 6, 318-320; III: 6, 7, 479-480
From page 565...
... INDEX 565 chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy, II: 310-311 circulatory disorders, I: 700-707; II: 7, 335-337; III: 8, 514-518 cleft lip/palate, I: 373-374, 375 cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders, II: 7, 307-308; III: 468-469 cohort studies, I: 229-232; II: 105-109, 135-138, 141-147, 154-160, 178, 179, 180, 182-183, 186, 187, 190, 192-193, 204, 218, 222, 240; III: 170-185, 196, 197-200-1, 206-208, 217 colon cancer, I: 12, 328-329, 576-577; II: 7; III: 8, 276-278 congressionally mandated, I: 50; II: 5 controlled observational, I: 228 cost of, I: 727 cytogenetic studies, III: 365-366 diabetes mellitus, I: 684-685; II: 7, 330 331; III: 494-502 evaluation of, I: 300-301, 591-592, 737 738; II: 5, 93-94; III: 129- 130 evidentiary role of, I: 224-225, 228-237, 300, 305; II: 175, 176; III: 265, 266 female reproductive system/breast cancers, I: 508-511; II: 6, 211-213; III: 7, 10, 330-334 gastrointestinal tract cancers, I: 446-447; II: 7, 177-181; III: 8, 12, 268-281 gastrointestinal ulcers, I: 691; II: 334; III: 510-513 hepatic enzyme disorders, I: 686-688 hepatobiliary cancers, I: 453-455; II: 6, 176, 181-187; III: 7, 10, 282-288 herbicide environmental exposures, I: 365-384; II: 140-149, 189, 190, 193, 200-201, 207-208, 218, 221, 222, 234, 236, 241, 243, 287-288, 297, 306, 312-313; III: 197-205, 218, 232-236, 275, 277, 279-281, 283, 285, 287-288, 290, 291, 297-298, 301, 303, 305, 309, 316, 323, 328, 333, 336, 338, 342, 344, 345, 349, 350-351, 353, 354, 358, 361, 365, 369, 373, 375, 380, 382, 388-389, 392, 437, 454, 455, 456, 459, 467, 497, 520 herbicide exposure assessment for, I: 251 259; II: 99- 109; III: 142- 146 herbicide exposure indices development, II: 107-109 herbicide exposure levels, II: 175 herbicide exposure reconstruction model and, I: 725, 726-728 herbicide occupational exposure studies, II: 107-198, 112, 113-140, 188-189, 190, 191-199, 206-207, 214-216, 218, 219-220, 222, 232-234, 235-236, 237 243, 286-287, 297, 306, 312; III: 170 196, 218, 219-232, 274-280, 282-283, 284, 287, 290, 291, 293-294, 296-297, 300-301, 303, 305, 308-309, 312, 316, 317, 321, 323, 324-326, 328, 332-333, 335-336, 337, 338, 341, 344, 345, 348, 350, 353, 354, 378-379, 360, 363-365, 367-369, 372-373, 374-375, 378-380, 381-382, 386-388, 391-392, 437, 450, 454, 455, 456, 459, 467, 483-485, 489, 491, 496, 510-512, 515 516, 520 herbicide/pesticide applicators, I: 323 326; II: 31-32, 120-122, 137-138, 198-200; III: 182- 185, 226-228 Hodgkin's disease, I: 9, 329, 331, 335 336, 341, 384, 391, 393, 549-553, 549-556, 574; II: 5, 6, 138, 235-236; III: 6, 7, 372-376 immune modulation, I: 693-696 immune system disorders, II: 7, 327-329; III: 488-491 infant death, III: 456 infertility, I: 632-633; II: 7, 280-282; III: 445-449, 450 kidney cancer, I: 515; II: 7, 139-140, 224 225; III: 352-355 laryngeal cancer, II: 202-203; III: 293-295 latency (cancer) issues, II: 260-276; III: 407-431 leukemia, I: 13, 332-333, 334-335, 564 571, 577-578; II: 7, 136, 245-247; III: 7, 10, 385-390, 391-392 limitations, I: 4, 223 lipid abnormalities, I: 688-690; II: 7, 333 334; III: 504-506, 520-521 liver cancer, I: 13, 329, 391, 393 liver toxicity, II: 332-333; III: 510-513 low birthweight, I: 626-627; II: 7; III: 456-457, 459 lung cancer, III: 296-298, 300-301 melanoma, III: 313-317 meta-analysis, I: 225, 237-238, 242-243, 243, 244 metabolic and digestive disorders, II: 7, 330-337
From page 566...
... 566 VETERANS AND AGENT ORANGE: UPDATE 1998 motor/coordination dysfunction, I: 658 661; II: 7, 309-310; III: 469-470 multiple myeloma, I: 11-12, 331, 334, 335, 336, 341, 557-563, 576; II: 6, 138-139, 176, 237-244; III: 7, 8, 9, 377-383 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer, I: 459; II: 6, 176, 187-189; III: 7, 10, 290-291 neonatal death, III: 455 neural tube defects numbers, II: 297 neurobehavioral disorders, II: 305-308, 309-311, 312-314; III: 457 neurological disorders, I: 365-366, 642 648; II: 141 neuropsychiatric disorders, I: 649-657; II: 7, 148; III: 468-469 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, I: 9, 328, 329, 330, 331, 333-334, 335-338, 383, 384, 391-393, 401, 528-548, 573-574; II: 5, 6, 134-135, 136, 138, 139, 231-234; III: 6, 7, 362-371, 428-430 NRC Commission on Life Sciences, I: 63 ovarian cancer, III: 333 pancreatic cancer, III: 280-281 paper/pulp workers, II: 126-127, 200, 243; III: 196, 232 perinatal death, I: 620-624; II: 7, 285-286; III: 451-453, 454, 455, 456 peripheral nervous system disorders, I: 662-666; II: 6, 7, 310-311, 312-314; III: 7, 8, 470-471, 473 porphyria cutanea tarda, I: 680-682; II: 5, 6, 129, 321-323; III: 7, 8, 481-482 proportionate mortality studies, I: 232-233 prostate cancer, I: 11, 518-519, 575-576; II: 6, 176, 219-223; III: 7, 8, 9, 335 342, 426-428 Ranch Hand cohort, II: 31, 32, 109, 150 152, 154-156, 201, 209, 280, 283-284, 286, 293-295, 321-322, 330, 332, 336; III: 28-29, 206-207, 218, 237-240, 309-310, 313-314, 318, 321, 322, 339, 340, 385, 436, 438, 439, 446-447, 449, 452-453, 457-458, 481, 486, 495, 498, 502 rare diseases in, I: 231, 499 recommendations, I: 15-20, 721-725, 731; II: 24-25; III: 23 rectal cancer, III: 278-279 reproductive outcomes, I: 41-42, 311-312, 321, 364-365, 368, 370, 371-375, 387 388, 389-390, 591-592; II: 280-282, 283-284, 285, 286-296; III: 436, 437 438, 443, 445-449, 450, 451-453, 454, 455, 456-457, 459 resolution in, I: 242-243 respiratory cancers, I: 10-11, 364, 461 472, 575; II: 6, 176, 189-203; III: 7, 8, 9, 418, 420-426 respiratory disease, I: 709-713; II: 7, 324 326; III: 483-486 Seveso, Italy, population studies, I: 44-45, 365-368, 444, 454-455, 469, 491-492, 503, 511, 517, 523, 540, 568-570, 571, 598-599; II: 141 - 143, 148, 200 201, 206, 207-208, 209, 210, 211-212, 213, 216, 221, 225, 226-227, 228, 230, 234, 236, 243, 245, 246, 287, 299-300, 312-313; III: 197-200, 218, 232-233, 283, 285, 290, 296, 297-298, 299, 303, 307, 309, 314, 318, 324 326,327,330,331,332,336,338, 344, 348, 349, 352, 353, 356, 358, 363, 365, 372, 373, 380, 385, 386, 388-389, 390, 408, 414, 420, 422, 427, 436, 449, 495, 505 skin cancer, I: 502-503; II: 7, 209-211; III: 8, 10, 312-313 soft-tissue sarcoma, I: 8, 311, 326-328, 329-330, 335-336, 337, 339-340, 384, 391, 393, 395-396, 401, 403, 476, 477-500, 572-573, 574; II: 5, 6, 132, 134-135, 205-208; III: 6, 7, 306-311 sperm abnormal parameters, II: 7; III: 445-449, 450 spine bifida, II: 6; III: 7, 8, 9-10, 437-438 spontaneous abortion, I: 42, 336-337, 372-373, 405-406, 596-605; II: 7, 283-284 state-sponsored, I: 399-405, 495-496, 546; II: 153, 158-159, 161, 202, 292; III: 213-215, 243-244 stillbirth, III: 454 stomach cancer, III: 274-275 strength of evidence in assessment of, I: 238-241 TCDD biomarkers, I: 259-262; II: 101 105, 318 testicular cancer, I: 405, 519; II: 7, 153, 227-228; III: 7, 10, 343-346 Times Beach, Missouri, I: 368-370; II: 144; III: 200-201, 218, 234, 283 uterine cancer, III: 333
From page 567...
... , II: 321; III: 480-481 prostate cancer, I: 513, 514-515; II: 217, 219; III: 334 respiratory cancers, I: 460-461; II: 189 191 respiratory disorders, III: 482-483 skin cancer, I: 501-502; II: 209; III: 312, 313 soft-tissue sarcoma, I: 475; II: 205; III: 304, 306 spontaneous abortion, II: 282-283 stillbirth/neonatal deaths/infant death, III: 451 testicular cancer, I: 515; II: 223-224; III: 343 See also Epidemiologic studies Epidermal growth factor (EGF) , I: 145, 154; II: 59, 73-74; III: 77, 97 Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)
From page 568...
... , I: 153, 155; II: 52, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 69, 74; III: 40, 42, 51, 52, 53, 68, 69, 71,72,74,75,77,91,96 Europe, III: 108, 308, 471 European registry, II: 197 Evidence of herbicide association. See Herbicide association, insufficient evidence for determining; Herbicide association, limited/suggestive evidence; Herbicide association, limited/suggestive negative evidence; Herbicide association, sufficient evidence Executive Order 11850, II: 27; III: 25 Experimental studies evaluation of, II: 92-93 Exposure assessment.
From page 569...
... See General Birth Defects Study (GBDS) Gender acute lymphocytic leukemia incidence, data by gender, III: 384 acute myeloid leukemia incidence, data by gender, III: 384 bladder cancer incidence, data by gender, III: 347 bone cancer incidence, data by gender, III: 302 brain cancer incidence, data by gender, III: 356 cancer studies and, II: 180, 181, 183, 190, 191, 204-205, 234, 242, 243, 246 chronic lymphocytic leukemia incidence, data by gender, III: 384 chronic myeloid leukemia incidence, data by gender, III: 384 diabetes prevalence, data by gender, III: 492 gastrointestinal tract cancer incidence, data by type and gender, III: 267 Hodgkin's disease incidence, data by gender, III: 372 laryngeal cancer incidence, data by gender, III: 292 569 leukemia incidence, data by type and gender, III: 384 liver/intrahepatic bile duct cancers incidence, data by gender, III: 282 lung cancer incidence, data by gender, III: 296 melanoma incidence, data by gender, III: 313 multiple myeloma incidence, data by gender, III: 377 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer incidence, data by gender, III: 289 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence, data by gender, III: 362 renal cancers incidence, data by gender, III: 352 soft-tissue sarcoma incidence, data by gender, III: 306 See also Demographic data, Vietnam veterans; Men; Women veterans General Accounting Office, I: 52-53, 96; III: 139, 140 General Birth Defects Study (GBDS)
From page 570...
... receptors Headaches, I: 650, 660 Health and Human Services, U.S., Department of, I: 57-59 Health care. See Military health care Health outcomes of herbicide exposure 2,4-D outcomes, II: 48-49; III: 34, 38-39, 44-47 2,4,5-T outcomes, II: 49; III: 48 cacodylic acid outcomes, II: 50-51; III: 34, 50 categories of evidence for assessing, I: 227-237 categories of herbicide association in, I: 5-8, 221, 223-225, 246-247; II: 4-14, 19-22, 97; III: 6-15, 19-22, 132, 390, 392-394 disease outcomes of, II: 37; III: 33-35, 38 43,44-47,48,50,71-105 early herbicide research, I: 29-32, 35-36; II: 19-23; III: 19-23 early TCDD research, I: 28-29 evaluating exposure reconstruction model and, I: 289-290 evidence insufficient for determining herbicide association in, I: 13-14, 19, 247, 457, 460, 473-474, 512, 521, 571, 577-578, 605, 618, 624, 627, 630, 634, 657, 666, 691, 699, 708, 713, 727; II: 6-7, 11-12, 20-21, 22, 97, 181-187, 249-250, 282, 284, 285-286, 298, 300, 325, 329, 334-335, 337; III: 7-8, 10-12, 21, 132, 133, 292, 304, 316, 322, 327, 332, 334, 346, 349, 351, 355, 390, 393, 444, 449, 453, 458, 459, 473-474, 486, 491, 503, 507, 513, 518, 522 evidence limited/suggestive of herbicide association in, I: 10-12, 19, 247, 472, 519-521, 563, 574-576, 727; II: 6, 810, 20, 22, 97, 247-249, 298, 300, 323; III: 7, 8-10, 20-21, 133, 295, 299, 340, 342, 383, 393, 444, 458, 474, 482, 519 evidence of no association of herbicides in, I: 12-13, 224, 247, 447-451, 503, 521, 525, 576-577; II: 7, 12-13, 21-22, 97, 177-181, 250-251; III: 8, 12, 2122, 133, 359, 393-394, 522
From page 571...
... , II: 182, 183 Hepatitis C infection, I: 453 Hepatitis C virus, II: 182 Hepatobiliary cancers biologic plausibility, III: 286, 288 epidemiologic studies, III: 282-288 epidemiology, I: 452-455; II: 181-182; III: 282 incidence, data by gender/race, for selected age groups, III: 282 herbicide association and, I: 13, 577; II: 2, 6, 11, 12, 20, 89, 182-187, 249-250; III: 7, 10, 282-288 herbicide environmental exposure and, II: 184; III: 283, 285, 287-288 herbicide occupational exposure and, II: 182-184; III: 282-283, 284, 287 571 risk estimates, II: 186- 187 scientific literature update, III: 284-286 Vietnam veterans and, II: 181, 185, 187; III: 283, 285-286, 288 See also Liver cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma, II: 148 Hepatotoxicity TCDD and, II: 3, 73-75; III:76-79 Herbicide application methods military early research, I: 25-26 Operation Ranch Hand use, I: 85-87; III: 135, 136, 137, 138, 139 Vietnam use, I: 1, 3, 24, 27, 74, 85-87, 94-96; III: 135-142 See also Aerial spraying; Ground/ perimeter spraying; Herbicides; Professional herbicide/pesticide applicators Herbicide association, insufficient evidence for determining altered sperm parameters and, I: 14, 634; II: 7, 20; III: 449, 458 basal/squamous cell skin cancer and, III: 322, 393 basis for finding of, I: 13, 247, 577; II: 67, 11-12, 20-21, 22, 97, 249-250; III: 7-8, 10-12, 21, 133, 393 birth defects and, I: 14, 605; II: 7, 20, 298, 300; III: 444, 458 bladder cancer and, III: 7, 10, 132, 349, 351, 393 bone cancer and, I: 13, 473-474, 577; II: 6, 20, 205; III: 7, 10, 304, 393 breast cancer and, II: 217; III: 7, 10, 327, 393 chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy, II: 311, 314 circulatory disorders and, I: 14, 708; II: 7, 21, 337; III: 518, 522 cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders and, I: 14, 657-658; II: 7, 20, 308-309, 314; III: 473-474 diabetes mellitus and, I: 14, 691, II: 7, 21, 335; III: 503, 522 female reproductive system/breast cancers and, I: 13, 14, 512, 577; II: 6, 20, 213; III: 7, 10, 332, 334, 393 gastrointestinal tract ulcers and, I: 14, 691; II: 335; III: 513, 522 genitourinary tract cancers and, I: 13, 521, 577
From page 572...
... 572 hepatic enzyme abnormalities and, I: 14, 691 hepatobiliary cancers and, I: 13, 577; II: 6, 20, 187; III: 7, 10, 286, 393 immune system disorders and, I: 14, 699; II: 7, 21, 329; III: 491, 522 infertility and, I: 14, 634; II: 7, 282, 300; III: 449, 458 leukemia and, I: 13, 571, 577-578; II: 7, 20, 247; III: 7, 10, 390, 393 lipid abnormalities and, I: 14, 691; II: 7, 21, 335; III: 507, 522 liver cancer and, I: 13, 457, 577 liver toxicity and, II: 335; III: 513, 522 low birthweight and, I: 14, 627; II: 7, 20; III: 458 melanoma and, III: 316 metabolic and digestive disorders and, II: 334-335 motor/coordination dysfunction and, I: 14, 661; II: 7, 21, 310, 314; III: 474 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer and, I: 13, 460, 577; II: 6, 20, 189; III: 7, 10, 292, 393 neurobehavioral disorders, II: 314; III: 473-474 neuropsychiatric outcomes and, I: 14, 657, 666; II: 7, 20, 308-309, 314; III: 473-474 perinatal death and, I: 14, 624; II: 7, 20, 285-286, 300; III: 453, 458 peripheral nervous system disorders and, I: 14, 666; II: 21; III: 474 renal cancer and, I: 13, 521, 577; II: 7, 20, 225; III: 7, 10, 355, 393 research recommendations, I: 19, 727 respiratory disorders and, I: 14, 713; II: 7, 21, 325; III: 486, 522 skin cancers, II: 210-211; III: 8, 10, 21, 393 spontaneous abortions and, I: 14, 605; II: 7, 20, 284, 300 testicular cancer and, I: 13, 521, 577; II: 7, 20, 228, III: 7, 10, 346, 393 Vietnam veterans' children, cancer in, I: 14, 630; II: 7, 20, 300 Herbicide association, limited/suggestive evidence acute and subacute transient peripheral neuropathy, II: 314; III: 7, 8, 21, 474 VETERANS AND AGENT ORANGE: UPDATE 1998 basis for finding of, I: 10-12, 247, 574575; II: 6, 8-10, 20, 22, 97, 247-249; III: 7, 8-10, 20-21, 133, 393 cancer, I: 10-12, 519-521, 574-576; II: 247-249; III: 393 laryngeal cancer, III: 295, 393 lung cancer, III: 299, 393 multiple myeloma, I: 10, 11-12, 563, 574, 576; II: 6, 20, 244; III: 7, 8, 9, 20, 383, 393 neurobehavioral disorders, II: 314 peripheral neuropathy, II: 6 porphyria cutanea tarda, II: 6, 323; III: 7, 8, 20, 482, 519 prostate cancer, I: 11, 519-521, 575-576; II: 6, 20, 223; III: 7, 8, 9, 20, 340, 342, 393 research recommendations, I: 19, 727 respiratory cancers, I: 10-11, 472, 574, 575; II: 6, 20, 203; III: 7, 8, 9, 20 spine bifida, II: 6, 298, 300; III: 7, 8, 910, 21, 444, 458 Herbicide association, limited/suggestive negative evidence basis for finding of, I: 12-13, 224, 247, 576-577; II: 7, 12-13, 21, 97, 250; III: 8, 12, 21-22, 133, 393-394, 522 brain tumors, I: 12, 525, 576; II: 7, 21, 230; III: 8, 12, 21, 359, 394 gastrointestinal tract cancers, I: 12- 13, 447-451, 576-577; II: 7, 21, 177-181; III: 8, 12, 21, 268, 273, 282, 394 skin cancer, I: 12, 503, 576; III: 21 urinary bladder cancer, I: 12, 521, 576; II: 7, 21, 227; III: 21 Herbicide association, sufficient evidence basis for finding of, I: 8-10, 246-247, 572; II: 5, 6, 8, 19, 20, 21, 97, 247; III: 6, 7, 8, 20, 132-133, 390, 392 cancer and, I: 8-10, 572-574; II: 247; III: 390, 392 chloracne and, I: 10, 678; II: 5, 6, 20, 320; III: 6, 7, 20, 480, 519 Hodgkin's disease and, I: 8, 9-10, 556 557, 573-574; II: 5, 6, 20, 236; III: 6, 7, 20, 373, 374, 390 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and, I: 8-9, 10, 548, 573-574; II: 5, 6, 20, 234; III: 6, 7, 20, 366, 390 porphyria cutanea tarda and, I: 10, 682; II: 5, 6, 20; III: 20
From page 573...
... INDEX soft-tissue sarcoma and, I: 8, 9-10, 500; II: 5, 6, 20, 208; III: 6, 7, 20, 311, 390 Herbicide exposure assessment agricultural/forestry workers studies, III: 154-155 biomarkers for, I: 17, 259-262, 280-284; II: 101-104 cancer studies use, I: 436-439 case-control studies use, I: 256-257 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Agent Orange Study, I: 58; II: 102 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention exposure opportunity index, I: 274-276, 611-612; III: 147 148 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention validation study, I: 59, 260-261, 281-284, 387; II: 103, 104 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vietnam Experience Study, II: 101; III: 240 cohort studies use, I: 254-256; II: 107-109 cumulative exposure, III: 144 current estimates, I: 284-287 data sources (existing) limitations, I: 14 15, 290-291 definition of, methodological issues, II: 4 5; III: 5-6 Department of Veterans Affairs mortality studies, II: 101 difficulties in, I: 14-15, 222, 247-248, 284, 286-287 dioxin congeners, recent literature, II: 106-107; III: 158-159 environmental studies use, I: 262-263, 267-270; III: 156-157 epidemiologic studies evaluation and, II: 99-101; III: 142-146 evidentiary role of, I: 4, 15, 250-253 exposure-dose relationship, I: 252-253 ground spraying, I: 288-289; III: 138-140 historic exposure reconstruction, I: 17- 18, 19-20, 254, 255-256, 725-726, 728; III: 143 indices development, II: 107-109; III: 161-162 individual differences, I: 261, 286 job exposure matrix, I: 259-262 literature update, II: 104-109; III: 157-162 methodological issues, II: 4-5; III: 5-6 573 misclassification bias in, I: 17, 257-259, 724 non-military settings and, I: 4-5, 15, 222 223, 241-242 occupational studies use, I: 262-267, 269 270; II: 107-108; III: 150-156 paper/pulp mill workers, I: 266-267; III: 155-156 process perspective, I: 252-253 Ranch Hand study use, I: 386; II: 109; III: 145-147 research recommendations, I: 16- 18, 287 290, 291, 721-722, 724-725 risk assessment use, I: 14-15, 247-248, 250, 578; III: 14-15 sawmill workers, III; 10, 156, 227-228, 338, 439-440, 447-448, 449, 452, 453, 457 self-reports, I: 270-271 serum TCDD in, I: 19, 20-21, 261, 282 285, 289, 290, 725, 742-743; III: 159 161 Seveso, Italy, accident, I: 267-268, 285, 598-599; III: 156 state-sponsored studies, I: 400, 401-402, 403-404 Stellmans' study, I: 278-279, 284 strategies for, I: 253-254; III: 144-145 TCDD exposure levels for epidemiological studies, II: 105-106; III: 159-161 TCDD half-life investigation, II: 104-105; III: 157-158 Times Beach, Missouri, case, I: 268, 368 369 Vietnamese population, I: 108-109, 269, 731; III: 156-157 Vietnam military records in, I: 271-280 Vietnam service as element of, I: 271, 284-287; II: 101-104; III: 146-150 Vietnam spray data, I: 273-279 Vietnam troop movement data in, I: 95 96, 273-279, 287 workshop on, I: 746-747 See also Environmental herbicide exposure; Herbicides; Occupational herbicide exposure Herbicide exposure reconstruction model data sources, I: 725-726 epidemiologic research and, I: 726-728 evaluation of, I: 18, 289-290, 726; II: 25
From page 574...
... See Professional herbicide/pesticide applicators Herbicides action of, I: 88 acute and subacute transient peripheral neuropathy and, II: 2, 312-313; III: 7, 8, 473 agricultural role of, I: 24, 35, 39, 174-175, 181 Air Force research activities, II: 31-32; III: 28-29 basal/squamous cell skin cancer association, III: 317-322, 323 biological plausibility, II: 88, 92, 176, 217, 282, 298, 300; III: 2, 23, 124, 128, 281-282, 286, 288, 292, 295, 302,304,311,317,322,327,329, 334, 343, 347, 351, 356, 362, 366, 377, 383, 390, 444, 451, 453, 458, 460-462, 467, 480, 482, 486, 491, 502-503, 507, 513-514, 518, 522-525 birth defects association, II: 286-298; III: 436-444 bladder cancer association, II: 225-227; III: 7, 10, 132, 347-351 bone cancer association, II: 204-205; III: 7, 10, 303-305 brain tumors association, II: 229-230; III: 8, 12, 356-362 breast cancer association, II: 213-217; III: 7, 10, 324-329 cancer latency issues, II: 2, 13-14, 175, 260-276; III: 3, 12-14, 407-431 cancer risk and development, II: 13- 14, 175; III: 12-14, 265-266 carcinogenicity, I: 118-119; II: 175; III: 265-266 cervical cancer association, III: 332 chemistry of, II: 38 childhood cancer association, II: 299-300 chloracne association, II: 318-320; III: 6, 7, 479-480 chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy and, II: 310-311 circulatory disorders association, II: 335 337; III: 3, 514-518 VETERANS AND AGENT ORANGE: UPDATE 1998 cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders and, II: 307-309; III: 468-469 congressional hearings, II: 27-28; III: 25 congressional legislation on, II: 28-29; III: 26-27 Department of Veterans Affairs activities, II: 29-31; III: 27-28 developmental toxicity, I: 124 diabetes mellitus association, II: 330-331. 334-335; III: 2, 11-12, 125, 494-503 disease outcomes of exposure, III: 6-15, 33-35, 38-43, 44-47, 48, 50, 71-105 early concerns about, I: 29-32, 35-36, 1719; II: 26; III: 25 environmental exposure studies, I: 140149, 184, 186, 189, 190, 193, 200201,221,222,234,236,241,243, 287-288, 306, 312-313; II: 271-272, 275, 277, 279-281; III: 197-205, 218, 232-236, 283, 285, 287-288, 290, 291, 297-298, 301, 303, 305, 309, 316, 323, 328, 333, 336, 338, 342, 344, 345, 349, 350-351, 353, 354, 358, 361, 365, 369, 373, 375, 380, 382, 388-389, 392, 437, 454, 455, 456, 459, 467, 497, 520 Environmental Protection Agency research activities, II: 32; III: 29-30 evidence insufficient for determining association in health outcomes, I: 1314, 19, 247, 457, 460, 473-474, 512, 521, 571, 577-578, 605, 618, 624, 627, 630, 634, 657, 666, 691, 699, 708, 713, 727; II: 7, 11-12, 20-21, 22, 97, 181-187, 189, 205, 210-211, 213, 217, 225, 228, 247, 282, 284, 285286, 298, 300, 308-309, 310, 311, 314, 325, 329, 334-335, 337; III: 7-8, 10-12, 21, 132, 133, 286, 292, 304, 316, 322, 327, 332, 334, 346, 349, 351, 355, 390, 393, 444, 449, 453, 458, 473-474, 486, 491, 503, 507, 513, 518, 522 evidence limited/suggestive of association in health outcomes, I: 10-12, 19, 247, 472, 519-521, 563, 574-576, 727; II: 6, 8-10, 20, 22, 97, 203, 223, 244, 298, 300, 314, 323; III: 7, 8-10, 20-21, 133, 295, 299, 340, 342, 383, 393, 444,458,474,482,519 evidence of no association in health outcomes, I: 12-13, 224, 247, 447
From page 575...
... INDEX 575 451, 503, 521, 525, 576-577; II: 7, 12 13, 21, 22, 97, 181, 227, 230; III: 8, 12, 21-22, 133, 268, 273, 282, 359, 393-394, 522 evidence sufficient of association in health outcomes, I: 8-10, 246-247, 500, 548, 556-557, 572-574, 678, 682; II: 5, 6, 8, 19, 20, 21, 97, 208, 234, 236, 320; III: 6,7,8,20, 132-133,311,366,373,374, 390, 392, 480, 519 exposure assessment issues, II: 4-5, 99 109; III: 5-6, 135- 162 federal government response to concerns over military use of in Vietnam, II: 27-32; III: 25-30 female reproductive cancers association, II: 211-213; III: 7, 10, 330-334 gastrointestinal tract cancers association, II: 177- 181; III: 8, 12, 268-282 gastrointestinal ulcers association, II: 334 335; III: 510-514 hepatobiliary cancer and, II: 2, 176, 181 187; III: 7, 10, 282-288 Hodgkin's disease association, II: 235 236; III: 6, 7, 372-376 immune system disorders and, II: 327 329; III: 3, 488-491 immunotoxicity, I: 122-123 infertility association, II: 280-282; III: 445-451 International Agency for Research on Cancer research activities, III: 30 laryngeal cancer and, II: 202-203; III: 292-295 latency and cancer risk, II: 13-14, 175, 260-276; III: 3, 12-14, 265, 407-431 leukemia association, II: 245-246; III: 7, 10, 385-390, 391-392 lipid abnormalities association, II: 333 335; III: 504-508, 520-521 liver toxicity association, II: 332-333, 334-335; III: 510-514 low birthweight and, III: 456-458, 459 lung cancer and, III: 296-302, 421, 422, 423, 424 mechanism of action, II: 36; III: 33, 38, 44, 47-48, 49-50, 53-71 mechanisms of toxicity, II: 37 melanoma association, III: 313-317 metabolic and digestive disorders association, II: 330-335; III: 3 military research and development, I: 25 26 military (U.S.) use ban, I: 32, 45 motor/coordination dysfunction and, II: 309-310; III: 469-470 multiple myeloma assocation, II: 237-244; III: 7, 8, 9, 377-383 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer and, II: 2, 176, 187-189; III: 7, 10, 290-292 neural tube defects associated with herbicides, numbers, II: 297 neurobehavioral disorders and, II: 305, 306, 314; III: 3, 467, 468, 473-476 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma association, II: 231-234; III: 6, 7, 362-371, 428-430 occupational exposure settings, I: 36-38; III: 150-156 occupational exposure studies, II: 113 140, 182-184, 186, 188-189, 190, 191 200, 214-216, 219-220, 222, 232-234, 235-236, 237-243, 286-287, 306, 312; III: 170-196, 218, 219-232, 268-271, 274-281, 282-283, 284, 287, 290, 291, 293-294, 296-297, 300-301, 303, 305, 308-309, 312, 316, 317, 321, 323, 324-326, 328, 332-333, 335-336, 337, 338, 341, 344, 345, 348, 350, 353, 354, 357-358, 360, 363-365, 367-369, 372-373, 374-375, 378-380, 381-382, 386-388, 391-392, 437, 450, 454, 455, 456, 459, 467, 483-485, 489, 491, 496, 510-512, 515-516, 520 Operation Ranch Hand volume use, data by herbicide type, III: 136 ovarian cancer association, III: 333 perinatal death association, II: 285-286; III: 451-454, 455, 456 porphyria cutanea tarda association, II: 321-323; III: 7, 8, 481-482 preterm birth and, III: 456-458, 459 prostate cancer association, II: 2, 176, 217-223, 273-275; III: 7, 8, 9, 335 343, 426-428 renal cancer association, II: 224-225; III: 7, 10, 352-356 reproductive toxicity, I: 124; II: 278-301; III: 434-435 research recommendations, II: 23-24; III: 23 respiratory cancers and, II: 189-203, 268 273; III: 7, 8, 9, 418, 420-426
From page 576...
... ; 2,4,5Trichloro-phenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5T) HERBS tapes, I: 20, 97-98, 602, 725; II: 108109 contents, I: 96-97, 273 deficiencies, I: 97, 104-105 exposure assessment use, I: 273-279, 287, 291; III: 146, 148 source of, I: 62, 85, 96 Hercules, Inc., I: 35 2,2'4,4',5,5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl (HxCB)
From page 577...
... TCDD and, II: 69-70 Hydatidiform mole, I: 30, 600-601 See also Reproductive disorders Hydrocephalus, I: 609, 611 See also Reproductive disorders Hydrocortisone (HC) , II: 73 577 Hypercholesterolemia, I: 690 See also Lipid abnormalities Hyperlipidemia, I: 152-153, 688, 692 See also Lipid abnormalities Hypertension, I: 705, 706, 707, 708 See also Circulatory disorders Hyperthyroidism TCDD-induced, I: 168 See also Metabolic and digestive disorders Hypoglycemia TCDD-induced, I: 166-168 See also Metabolic and digestive disorders Hypospadias, I: 609, 611 See also Reproductive disorders I IARC.
From page 578...
... , I: 8, 12-13, 246, 264-265, 270, 313-314, 478, 479, 499, 565, 573, 577, 731; II: 101, 107, 131-135, 178-179, 196, 206, 212, 215, 220, 226, 232, 269; III: 20, 151, 175-177, 218, 222-223, 268, 269, 284, 290, 293, 296, 303, 306, 307, 308, 310, 311,314,319,325,326,331,337, 344, 348, 353, 357, 364, 378, 379, 386, 422-423, 424, 425, 429, 484, 511, 516 herbicide exposure assessment in occupational studies, III: 151-152, 154 Vietnam military use of herbicides, response, III: 30 International Classification of Diseases (ICD) , II: 325; III: 265 ICD-9 cancer codes, SEER program site groupings for, III: 537-539 International Labor Organization (ILO)
From page 579...
... IV Corps, I: 81, 98, 542 J Japan, II: 237 Job exposure matrix, I: 256 Johnston Island, I: 93 K Kansas, I: 9, 37, 335-336, 487, 490, 550; II: 231; III: 363 Kaposi's sarcoma, I: 338, 487, 695 See also Soft-tissue sarcoma Khe Sanh-Thonh Son Lam area, Vietnam, I: 96; III: 140 Kidney cancer biologic plausibility, III: 356 children and, I: 628 epidemiologic studies, I: 515; II: 224-225; III: 352-355 epidemiology, I: 513, 514; II: 223; III: 351 -352 herbicide association in, I: 13, 521, 577; II: 7, 11, 20, 139-140, 224-225, 249 250; III: 7, 10, 352-356 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: 353, 354 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 353, 354 histopathology, I: 513 incidence, data by race/gender, for selected age groups, III: 352 risk factors, I: 514 scientific literature update, II: 224-225; III: 353, 355 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 522; II: 223, 224, 225; III: 353, 355 See also Genitourinary cancers; Wilm's tumor 579 Kidneys 2,4-D toxicity in, I: 125, 179-180; II: 42 cacodylic acid toxicity in, II: 42 Korea, III: 240 Korean War, II; 150; III: 237 L Laos, I: 106 Laryngeal cancer, I: 461, 470-471; II: 202-203 biologic plausibility, III: 295 epidemiologic studies, III: 293-295 epidemiology, III: 292 herbicide exposure and, III: 293-295 herbicide occupational exposure studies, III: 293-294 incidence, data by race/gender, for selected age groups, III: 292 scientific literature update, III: 293-294, 295 Vietnam veterans studies, III: 294-295 See also Respiratory cancers Latency effects in cancer studies, I: 231-232, 434, 435, 436-438, 494, 495, 727; II: 2, 13-14, 175; III: 3, 12-14, 266, 407408 aging effects control, II: 261-262; III: 409 arsenic and, II: 268; III: 420 asbestos and, II: 268; III: 420 data limitations, III: 413, 414, 415, 416 data requirements, II: 264, 265, 266; III: 412, 414, 415, 416 epidemiologic studies, analysis of, II: 261-266; III: 408-412 epidemiologic studies, new, III: 419 gamma rays and, II: 268; III: 418 literature review results, II: 266-267; III: 416-418, 420-424, 426-427, 429 measurement errors, II: 263-264; III: 411412 mortality and incidence studies for examining, II: 263; III: 410-411, 421, 422, 423, 424, 426, 427, 429 nickel and, II: 269; III: 420 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, III: 428-430 potential problems with, II: 264, 265, 266; III: 413, 414, 415, 416 prostate cancer, II: 273-275; III: 426-428 radon daughters and, II: 268; III: 418 random misclassification and, II: 263-264; III: 411-412
From page 580...
... receptors Leather tanners, I: 486, 514 Legal issues Agent Orange manufacturers' liability, I: 34-35 federal government liability, I: 34 South Korean Vietnam veterans, I: 62 Times Beach, Missouri, I: 41 Legislation epidemiologic studies on Agent Orange, II: 28; III: 26 federal, I: 45-60; III: 26-27 health care associated with Agent Orange, II: 28 Public Law 91-441, I: 47, 62 Public Law 96-151, I: 50, 52, 57; II: 28; III: 26, 240 Public Law 97-72, I: 50; II: 28; III: 26 Public Law 98- 181, I: 51 Public Law 98-542, I: 50-51; II: 28-29; III: 26-27 Public Law 99-272, I: 50; II: 28; III: 26 Public Law 100-687, I: 51 Public Law 101-239, I: 51 Public Law 102-4, I: 2, 7, 20, 21, 51, 572, 721, 728-730; II: 1, 5, 17, 19, 29, 97, 247; III: 1, 6, 14, 17, 20, 124, 132, 390, 397, 462, 475, 519, 525 Public Law 102-585, II: 28; III: 26 Public Law 103-452, II: 28; III: 26 Public Law 104- 110, III: 26 Public Law 104-204, III: 24, 26 Public Law 104-262, III: 26 Public Law 105- 114, III: 25 Veterans' Health Programs Extension and Improvement Act of 1979, III: 240 Vietnam veterans' compensation, I: 47, 50-51, 55-56; II: 28-29; III: 26-27 VETERANS AND AGENT ORANGE: UPDATE 1998 Leiomyosarcomas, I: 475 See also Soft-tissue sarcoma Lethality. See Deaths Leukemia acute lymphocytic leukemia, III: 383, 384 acute myeloid leukemia, III: 383-384 agricultural workers and, I: 13, 332-333, 334-335, 566-568; II: 136; III: 387 388 biologic plausibility, III: 390 children and, I: 628 chronic lymphocytic leukemia, III: 384 385 chronic myeloid leukemia, III: 384, 385 epidemiologic studies, I: 564-572; II: 136, 245-247; III: 385-390, 391-392 epidemiology, I: 564; II: 245; III: 383-385 herbicide association in, I: 13, 571, 577 578; II: 7, 11, 20, 245-247, 249-250; III: 7, 10, 385-390, 391-392 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: 388-389, 392 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 386-388, 391-392 incidence, data by type/race/gender, for selected age groups, III: 384 production workers and, I: 564-566; III: 386-387 pulp/paper workers and, I: 568 risk factors, I: 564 scientific literature update, II: 245-246; III: 386-389 Seveso, Italy, studies, I: 13, 568-570, 571, 577; III: 385, 386, 388-389, 390 TCDD biologic plausibility in, I: 571; III: 390 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 564, 570, 571 572; II: 245, 246 Vietnam veterans studies, III: 385, 386, 389, 392 Leydig cells, II: 71, 279; III: 445 LH.
From page 581...
... receptors, I: 154-155; II: 333, 334; III: 503 Ludwigshafen, Germany; III: 153, 154, 269, 297, 484, 511 Lumber industry sawmill workers' herbicide exposure, III: 10, 156, 227-228, 338, 439-440, 447448, 449, 452, 453, 457 See also Forests Lung cancer 2,4-D in, I: 177 agricultural/forestry workers and, I: 466 biologic plausibility, III: 302 cacodylic acid and, I: 187 environmental exposure studies, III: 297298, 301 epidemiologic studies, II: 139; III: 296298, 300-301 epidemiology, III: 295-296 herbicide association in, I: 472; II: 6; III: 296-302 herbicide/pesticide applicators and, I: 326, 466-468; II: 139 incidence, data by gender/race, for selected age groups, III: 296 latency and, III: 421, 422, 423, 424 occupational exposure studies, III: 296297, 300-301, 421, 423 paper/pulp mill workers and, I: 364, 468 production workers and, I: 461-466; III: 421, 423 scientific literature update, III: 296-298
From page 582...
... propanoic acid (MCPP) Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System, I: 735 Mekong Delta, Vietnam, II: 104 Melanoma biologic plausibility, III: 317 epidemiologic studies, III: 313-317 herbicide association with, III: 313-317 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: 316 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 316, 317 incidence of, III: 313, 315 mortality studies, III: 314-315, 316 scientific literature update, III: 314-315 Vietnam veterans studies, III: 316, 317 VETERANS AND AGENT ORANGE: UPDATE 1998 See also Basal/squamous cell skin cancer; Skin cancer Melatonin Men TCDD-induced wasting syndrome and, I: 165 Finland male herbicide applicators' respiratory cancer mortality, II: 271 Germany herbicide/chemical production workers' male cancer mortality, III: 423, 429 herbicide/chemical production workers' male cancer mortality, III: 423, 426, 429 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma male mortality, III: 429 prostate cancer incidence, data by race, for selected age groups, III: 334 prostate cancer mortality, III: 426, 427 Seveso, Italy, male cancer mortality, II: 271, 275; III: 422, 427 testicular cancer incidence, data by race, for selected age groups, III: 343 See also Gender Meta-analysis, I: 243, 244 Metabolic and digestive disorders biological plausibility, II: 335; III: 513514 epidemiologic studies, II: 330-331, 332335; III: 510-513 epidemiology, III: 508 herbicides association in, II: 7, 11, 21, 330-331, 332-335; III: 3, 510-514 herbicides occupational exposure and, III: 510-512 scientific literature update, III: 510-513 Vietnam veterans and, III: 510, 512-513 See also Diabetes mellitus; Hyperthyroidism; Hypoglycemia; Lipid abnormalities; Liver toxicity; Ulcers, gastrointestinal Methodological bias biological stored samples, analysis, I: 2021, 729-730 cancer studies, I: 436 controlling for, I: 33, 226-227, 234-235, 242-246 healthy worker effect, I: 230 herbicide exposure assessment, I: 17, 257259, 286-287, 291, 724 latency studies, II: 263-264; III: 408-412 proportionate mortality studies, I: 233
From page 583...
... INDEX recall bias, I: 256, 601 reproductive outcome studies, I: 591-592, 601 self-reports, I: 270-271; II: 109, 150 Methodology Agent Orange Study, I: 58-59, 63-64; II: 2 Agent Orange Working Group, I: 19, 728 Alsea, Oregon, investigation, I: 372-373, 598 American Legion Agent Orange study, I: 602 assessment of strength of evidence, I: 238-241; II: 88-97; III: 124-133 BASE study, I: 312-313 biologic plausibility, II: 88, 92; III: 124, 128 burden of proof approach, I: 226-227, 245 cancer expected incidence, I: 439-440 cancer studies, I: 435-440, 442-443, 445; II: 175, 176; III: 265-266 case-control studies, I: 234-235, 256-257, 326-341; II: 94-95; III: 130 case reports, I: 235-236 Centers for Disease Control epidemiologic studies, I: 19, 387-393, 498, 728 Centers for Disease Control Birth Defects Study, I: 611-612 circulatory disease studies, I: 699-700, 705-706, 707; II: 335 cohort studies, I: 229-232, 254-256, 318 323 confidence intervals, I: 244 controlled observational studies, I: 228 Department of Veterans Affairs studies, I: 393-399, 494-495 disease latency effects, I: 231-232, 434, 436-438, 494, 495, 727; II: 351-357 dose-response relationship, I: 239-230, 252; II: 89 Dow studies, I: 307-312 epidemiologic studies evaluation, I: 300 301; II: 93-94; III: 129- 130 evidence categories, I: 227-237; III: 132 experimental studies evaluation, II: 92-93 health outcome categories for herbicide association, I: 5-8, 223-225, 246-247; II: 97; III: 132 herbicide environmental exposure assessment, I: 262-263, 269-270; III: 156-157 583 herbicide exposure assessment strategies, I: 251-259, 270-287; III: 144-145 herbicide exposure reconstruction model evaluation, I: 18, 289-290, 726; II: 25 herbicide exposure, statistical association with diseases, II: 88, 90-91; III: 1-2, 6, 126-127 herbicide occupational exposure assessment, I: 262-264, 269-270; III: 150-156 immune system research, I: 692 indirect adjustment, I: 229 information management, I: 735-738 judgment in, I: 245-246; II: 96; III: 131 132 latency and cancer studies, II: 261-266, 351; III: 407-416 meta-analysis, I: 225, 237-238, 242-243 neurological assessment, I: 14, 641-642, 649 neuropsychiatric studies, I: 657 new evidence integration, II: 96; III: 132 NIOSH studies, I: 303-305; II: 350-351, 356, 357 Nitro, West Virginia, industrial accident studies, I: 305-307 NRC Commission on Life Sciences, I: 63 odds ratio determination, I: 234, 239; II: 90; III: 126-127 Office of Technology Assessment, I: 19, 728 paper/pulp mill worker studies, I: 341, 364 publication bias, II: 95-96; III: 131 Ranch Hand study, I: 230-231, 385-386, 498, 757-762 random misclassification and latency, II: 263-264; III: 411-412 relative risk assessment, I: 229, 239, 258; II: 90, 351, 356; III: 126, 127 reproductive outcome studies, I: 591-592 respiratory disease studies, I: 708-709, 712-713; II: 324 risk assessment, I: 225-226; II: 89; III: 127-128 sample size and disease frequency, I: 231, 242-243, 440, 499 Selected Cancers Study, I: 234-235, 498 self-reports, I: 270-271; II: 109 soft-tissue sarcoma studies, I: 482-490, 497-500
From page 584...
... Navy; U.S. Special Forces; Vietnam veterans; Women veterans Military records, I: 742-743 herbicide exposure assessment use, I: 271-280, 287-288; II: 101; III: 138, 140 herbicide spray missions records, I: 27, 62, 84-85, 104-106 HERBS tapes, I: 62, 96-98; III: 146, 148 research recommendations, I: 17, 724-725 Vietnam casualties, I: 82-83 Vietnam herbicide ground spraying, I: 94, 95 Vietnam service identification in, II: 24 25, 175 Vietnam veterans in, I: 75-80, 106; II: 150-153 Minnesota, I: 37, 326, 332, 333, 468; II: 47, 137-138, 178, 199, 325; III: 226-227, 229, 440-441 Department of Agriculture, II: 137; III: 226, 440 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, I: 641 Miscarriages.
From page 585...
... See Military occupation specialty code (MOS) Motor/coordination dysfunction epidemiologic studies, II: 309-310; III: 469-470 herbicide association in, I: 661-662; II: 4, 7, 11, 21, 309-310; III: 469-470 585 herbicide environmental exposure studies, I: 658-659 herbicide occupational exposure studies, I: 658 scientific literature update, II: 309-310; III: 470 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 662; II: 309, 310 See also Ataxia; Dystonia; Neurobehavioral toxicity; Neurological disorders; Parkinsonism: Stroke Motor/sensory/coordination problems, I: 14, 658-662 MPTP, I: 661 Multiple myeloma, I: 331, 334, 335, 336, 341 agricultural/forestry workers and, I: 558 561; II: 138-139, 238-239, 241-243, III: 379-380 biologic plausibility, I: 563; III: 383 epidemiologic studies, I: 331, 334, 335, 336, 341, 557-563; II: 138-139, 237 244; III: 377-383 epidemiology, I: 526, 528; II: 236-237; III: 377 herbicide association in, I: 10, 11- 12, 563, 574, 576; II: 6, 8, 20, 89, 236-244, 247; III: 7, 8, 9, 20, 24, 377-383 herbicide environmental exposure and, II: 241, 243; III: 380, 382 herbicide occupational exposure and, II: 237-243; III: 378-380, 381-382 histopathology, I: 527 incidence, data by race/gender, for selected age groups, III: 377 paper/pulp workers and, II: 143 production workers and, II: 237-238; III: 378-379 risk estimates, II: 240-241 scientific literature update, III: 378-380 Vietnam veterans' compensation, II: 24, 30, 31 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 563; II: 231, 244 Vietnam veterans studies, III: 380, 382 See also Malignant lymphomas Myeloid leukemia.
From page 586...
... Nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer biologic plausibility, III: 292 clinical description, I: 457-458 epidemiologic studies, II: 6, 187-189; III: 290-291 epidemiology, I: 458-459; II: 187-188; III: 288-289 herbicide association in, I: 13, 19, 460, 577; II: 2, 6, 11, 12, 20, 89, 187-189, 249-250; III: 7, 10, 290-292 herbicide environmental exposure and, II: 189; III: 290, 291 herbicide occupational exposure and, II: 188-189; III: 290, 291 incidence, data by race/gender, for selected age groups, III: 289 scientific literature update, III: 290 treatment, I: 458 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 460 Vietnam veterans studies, II: 189; III: 290, 291 Nasal olfactory mucosa, I: 130 National Academy of Sciences (NAS) , I: 2, 2829, 31, 43, 47, 51, 55, 57; II: 1, 17, 25, 29, 30, 63; III: 1, 23, 28, 146 National Cancer Institute (NCI)
From page 587...
... ; Stroke Neuroblastoma, I: 594 children and, I: 628 Neurologic disorders 2,4-D in, I: 179; II: 48; III: 45-46, 473, 474 assessment issues, I: 14, 641-642 biologic plausibility, III: 474-475 childhood cancer, I: 628 classification of, I: 640; II: 304-305 cognitive and neuropsychiatric effects, I: 649-658; III: 468-469 epidemiologic studies, I: 44-45, 643-648; II: 141, 305, 307, 309; III: 467-473 herbicide association in, I: 14, 657, 661, 666; III: 467-476 herbicide occupational exposure studies and, I: 649-651, 658, 662-663; III: 467 motor/coordination dysfunction, I: 14, 658-662; III: 469-470 peripheral nervous system disorders, I: 662-666; III: 470-473 Seveso, Italy, studies, I: 365-366, 523; II: 141 TCDD in, I: 160-166; II: 3, 75; III: 84-85, 469, 470-471, 474, 475 Vietnam veterans' compensation, I: 55 587 Vietnam veterans' offspring and, I: 609, 660 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 658, 662, 666; III: 475-476 See also Cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders; Motor/coordination dysfunction; Neurobehavioral toxicity; Peripheral nervous system (PNS) disorders Newark, New Jersey, II: 128-129; III: 219, 220 New Brunswick, Canada, III: 234 New Hampshire, I: 341, 364; III: 232 New Jersey, I: 656, 695; II: 280; III: 243, 500 Agent Orange Commission, I: 60, 280 281, 401-402, 741; II: 292 See also Newark, New Jersey New Mexico, I: 60, 402; III: 243 New York, I: 60, 364-365, 402-403, 444, 470, 495, 626; II: 202 See also Binghamton, New York; Camp Drum, New York New Zealand, I: 329-331, 373, 486, 490, 535536, 552, 560-561; II: 132, 134, 242; III: 226, 229 See also Northland, New Zealand NHANES III.
From page 588...
... 588 epidemiologic studies, I: 328, 329, 330, 331, 333-334, 335-338, 383, 384, 391393, 401, 528-540, 573-574; II: 134135, 138, 139, 231-234; III: 362-371 epidemiology, I: 526, 527; II: 231; III: 362 herbicide association in, I: 8-10, 548, 573574; II: 5, 6, 20, 102, 108, 231-234, 247; III: 6, 7, 20, 24, 362-371 herbicide environmental exposure studies, I: 540-541; II: 234; III: 365, 369 herbicide occupational exposure and, II: 232-234; III: 363-365, 367-369 histopathology, I: 526 incidence, data by race/gender, for selected age groups, III: 362 latency issues, III: 428-430 paper/pulp workers and, I: 540 production workers and, I: 9, 529-530, 548; II: 232; III: 363-364, 429 research recommendations, I: 19, 727 scientific literature update, II: 232-234; III: 363-366 Selected Cancers Study and, I: 234-235 Vietnam veterans and, I: 9, 401, 526, 541548, 549; II: 231-232, 234; III: 363, 365, 370-371 Vietnam veterans' compensation, I: 51, 55-56; II: 24, 29, 30, 31 See also Malignant lymphomas Nonmelanoma skin cancer. See Basal/ squamous cell skin cancer; Skin cancer North America, II: 197; III: 510 Northeast Pharmaceutical and Chemical Corporation, I: 40 Northland, New Zealand, III: 234 Norway, III: 10, 225, 442-443 Central Population Register, III: 225, 442 Medical Birth Registry, III: 225, 442 Population Registry, III: 236 See also Frierfjord, Norway Null hypothesis, I: 225 o Occupational herbicide exposure, I: 5, 303 acute and subacute transient peripheral neuropathy and, II: 312 agricultural/forestry workers, II: 183- 184, 197-198, 232-234, 238-239, 241-243; VETERANS AND AGENT ORANGE: UPDATE 1998 III: 178-195, 224-232, 284-285, 335, 364-365, 379-380, 387-388 basal/squamous cell skin cancer and, III: 321, 323 birth defects and, II: 286-287; III: 437 bladder cancer and, III: 348, 350 bone cancer and, III: 303, 305 brain tumors and, III: 357-358, 360 breast cancer and, II: 214-216; III: 324 326, 328 breast cancer estimated risk, II: 218 cancer mortality, I: 443-444; II: 133, 134, 136, 137 cancer risk factor, I: 442; II: 133-135 cervical cancer and, III: 332 circulatory disorders and, III: 515-516 diabetes mellitus and, III: 496 epidemiologic studies, I: 303-365; II: 3, 6 7, 113-140; III: 170-196, 218, 219 232, 268-271, 274-280, 282-283, 284, 287, 290, 291, 293-294, 296-297, 300 301, 303, 305, 308-309, 312, 316, 317, 321, 323, 324-326, 328, 332-333, 335-336, 337, 338, 341, 344, 345, 348, 350, 353, 354, 357-378, 360, 363-365, 367-369, 372-373, 374-375, 378-380, 381-382, 386-388, 391-392, 437, 450, 454, 455, 456, 459, 467, 483-485, 489, 491, 496, 510-512, 515 516, 520 exposure assessment strategies, I: 253 256, 258-259, 262-267, 269-270; II: 5, 99-101, 107-108; III: 144-145, 150 156 exposure indices development, II: 107 108; III: 161-162 female reproductive system cancers and, III: 332-333 gastrointestinal/digestive disorders and, III: 510-512 gastrointestinal tract tumors and, II: 178 179; III: 268-271, 274-280 hepatobiliary cancer and, II: 182- 184, 185, 186; III: 282-283, 284, 287 Hodgkin's disease and, II: 235-236; III: 372-373, 374-375 immune system disorders and, III: 489, 491 infant death and, III: 456 infertility and, III: 450 laryngeal cancer and, III: 293-294 leukemia and, III: 386-388, 391-392 lipid abnormalities and, III: 520
From page 589...
... Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) , III: 498, 500 Oregon, I: 336-337, 341; II: 149; III: 230, 232, 234 See also Alsea, Oregon Outreach activities Vietnam veterans and, II: 31; III: 28 Ovarian cancer, I: 338-339, 506, 510-511; III: 333 herbicide association in, I: 13, 512; II: 6; III: 333 See also Reproductive system cancers, women p P450, I: 130, 144-145, 170, 709; II: 56, 70, 72, 74, 76; III: 220 PACER HO, I: 93 PAI-2.
From page 590...
... Perimeter spraying. See Ground/perimeter spraying Perinatal death biologic plausibility, III: 453, 458 definitions, I: 618-619; II: 284; III: 451 descriptive epidemiology, I: 619-620; II: 284-285; III: 451 epidemiologic studies, I: 620-624; II: 285286; III: 451-453, 454, 455, 456 herbicide association in, I: 14, 624; II: 7, 11, 20, 278, 285-286; III: 451-454, 455, 456 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: 454, 455, 456 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 454, 455, 456 risk factors, I: 619-620 VETERANS AND AGENT ORANGE: UPDATE 1998 scientific literature update, II: 285; III: 452-453, 454, 456 TCDD biologic plausibility in, I: 624 Vietnam veterans and, II: 285; III: 454.
From page 591...
... See Pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (PROD) Production workers bladder cancer, I: 513-517 brain cancer, I: 523 cancer mortality, I: 443-444; II: 133, 134, 270, 273, 274; III: 423, 426, 429 chemical industry production workers studies, I: 303-318; II: 114-118, 128135, 171-175, 182-183, 191, 193-197, 206-207, 232, 237-238, 273-274, 275; III: 170-178, 219-224, 363-364, 378379, 386-387, 422, 423, 426, 429 chloracne, I: 674-676 circulatory disorders, I: 700-701 diabetes mellitus, I: 684 epidemiologic studies, I: 36-37, 303-318; II: 113, 114-118, 128-135, 182-183, 191, 193-197, 232, 237-238; III: 170178, 219-224, 284, 363-364, 378-379, 386-387 female reproductive/breast cancer, I: 508510 gastrointestinal tract cancers, I: 447 gastrointestinal ulcers, I: 691 German herbicide employees, exposure assessment, II: 4-5, 105, 108; III: 423, 429
From page 592...
... , I: 232233; II: 161, 180, 185, 208, 225, 230, 234, 236, 242, 246; III: 417-418, 428 Prostate cancer biologic plausibility, III: 343 epidemiologic studies, I: 518-519; II: 6, 219-223; III: 335-342 epidemiology, I: 513, 514-515; II: 217, 219; III: 334 herbicide association in, I: 10, 11, 519 521, 575-576; II: 2, 6, 8-9, 20, 89, 217-223, 247; III: 7, 8, 9, 20, 335-343 herbicide environmental exposure studies, II: 221, 222; III: 336, 338, 342 herbicide occupational exposure studies, II: 219-220, 222; III: 335-336, 337, 338, 341 histopathology, I: 513 incidence, data by race, for selected age groups, III: 334 latency issues, II: 13, 14; III: 426-428 mortality and latency, II: 273, 274, 275; III: 426, 427 research recommendations, I: 19, 727 risk, estimated, II: 222-223 scientific literature update, III: 336-339 Seveso, Italy, male mortality and latency, II: 275, III: 336, 338, 427 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 11, 518, 519, 522; II: 221, 223; III: 343, 431 Vietnam veterans studies, III: 336, 338, 339, 340, 342 See also Genitourinary cancers Protein kinase C (PKC) , II: 4, 52, 59, 60, 61, 62; III: 65-67, 105 Psychiatric disorders assessment for, I: 641 epidemiologic studies, I: 649-657 herbicide association in, I: 14, 657 posttraumatic stress disorder, I: 397-398, 653-656, 658 PTD.
From page 593...
... Race/ethnicity acute lymphocytic leukemia incidence, data by race, III: 384 acute myeloid leukemia incidence, data by race, III: 384 bladder cancer incidence, data by race, III: 347 bone cancer incidence, data by race, III: 302 brain tumor incidence, data by race, III: 356 593 breast cancer incidence, data by race, III: 324 cancer studies and, II: 179, 180, 181, 183, 214, 219, 227, 237 chronic lymphocytic leukemia incidence, data by race, III: 384 chronic myeloid leukemia incidence, data by race, III: 384 diabetes prevalence, data by race, III: 492 female reproductive system cancer incidence, data by race, III: 330 gastrointestinal tract cancer incidence, data by race and cancer type, III: 267 Hodgkin's disease incidence, data by race, III: 372 laryngeal cancer incidence, data by race, III: 292 leukemia incidence, data by type and race, III: 384 liver/intrahepatic bile duct cancer incidence, by race, III: 282 lung cancer incidence, data by race, III: 296 melanoma incidence, data by race, III: 313 multiple myeloma incidence, data by race, III: 377 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer incidence, data by race, III: 289 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence, data by race, III: 362 prostate cancer incidence, data by race, III: 334 renal cancers incidence, data by race, III: 352 soft-tissue sarcoma incidence, data by race, III: 306 testicular cancer incidence, data by race, III: 343 Vietnam veterans, I: 81, 82, 83, 84; II: 180 See also Alaskan natives; Asian Americans; Demographic data, Vietnam veterans Radiation exposure, I: 564, 595 Radon daughters respiratory cancer and latency, II: 268; III: 418 Railroad workers, I: 323-324, 467, 486, 649650, 658 Ranch Hand study. See Air Force Health Study (AFHS)
From page 594...
... ; Reproductive system cancers, women; Sperm parameter disorders; Spontaneous abortion Reproductive system cancers, women, I: 13, 14, 505-512, 577; II: 6 biologic plausibility, III: 334 epidemiologic studies, I: 508-512; II: 211 213; III: 330-334 epidemiology, I: 505, 506-508; II: 211; III: 329-330 herbicide association in, I: 13, 14, 512, 577; II: 6, 11, 20, 211-213, 249-250; III: 7, 10, 330-334 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: 333 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 332-333 histopathology, I: 506 incidence and mortality statistics, II: 211; III: 329-330 scientific literature update, II: 212; III: 331-332 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 512; II: 211, 213; III: 334 Vietnam veterans studies, III: 333 See also Breast cancer; Ovarian cancer, Reproductive disorders; Uterine cancer Request for Proposals (RFP) , II: 25, 26; III: 6, 126, 150 Research Department of Veterans Affairs efforts, II: 29-30; III: 27-28 experimental studies update, II: 43-45 herbicide exposure and cancer latency, literature review, II: 266-275; III: 416 431 herbicide exposure assessment strategies, recent literature, II: 104- 109; III: 157 162 publication bias, II: 95-96; III: 131 Research needs biomarkers, I: 17, 725; II: 25 cost of, I: 727 health outcome priorities, I: 19, 726-727 herbicide exposure assessment, I: 4, 15, 1617, 287-290, 291, 721-722, 724-728 Be.
From page 595...
... Ribonucleic acid (RNA) , II: 55, 58, 59, 62, 74, 75; III: 80, 82, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104 Risk assessment methodology, I: 5, 221, 246 EPA dioxin research, I: 59-60 predisposing factors, I: 731 relative risk determination, I: 224, 229, 258; II: 351, 356 standardized mortality ratio in, I: 229-230 strength of association in, I: 239 terminology, I: 224 Vietnam veterans' disease risk estimation, II: 349-357 Vietnam veterans' TCDD concentrations with time after exposure, II: 356-357 Vietnam veterans' TCDD serum levels back-extrapolated to measure dose, II: 357
From page 596...
... See Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program Selected Cancers Study exposure assessment use, II: 101; III: 146, 231, 240 goals, I: 59, 387, 391 hepatobiliary cancers, II: 185; III: 283 Hodgkin's disease in, I: 554-556 liver cancer in, I: 455 methodology, I: 57, 234-235, 243, 258, 391-393, 440, 527 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer, I: 459; II: 189 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in, I: 9, 541 543, 573; II: 231 soft-tissue sarcoma in, I: 493, 498 Selective herbicides, I: 24, 88 See also Herbicides Self-Report Symptom Inventory, I: 641 Senate Committee on Veterans Affairs, II: 24, 27-28; III: 23-24, 25 Serontonergic system, I: 166
From page 597...
... INDEX Serum levels, TCDD, I: 4, 19, 21, 261, 281285, 289, 290, 725, 728, 729, 742743; II: 4-5, 104-106; III: 140-142, 146-147 back-extrapolated serum TCDD as measure of dose, II: 357 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention validation study, I: 281284; II: 103, 104 concentrations of TCDD with time after exposure, II: 356-357; III: 159-161 estimated mean maximum levels, II: 252255 latency results, linear extrapolation from long exposure, II: 356 measurement technique, I: 260; II: 349350 pharmocokinetics, I: 259-261 recommendations, I: 20-21 significance of, I: 4, 19, 261, 284-285, 289, 290, 725, 742-743; II: 4-5, 102106, 108-109 testing, mandated, I: 728, 729 Vietnam veterans disease risk estimation, use for, II: 350-357 Services HERBS tapes. See HERBS tapes Seveso, Italy; III: 9 accidental contamination in, I: 43; II: 140141; III: 232-233 birth defects, II: 287; III: 436 bladder cancer, I: 517; II: 226-227; III: 348, 349 bone cancer, III: 303 brain tumors, I: 523; II: 230; III: 356, 358 breast cancer, II: 216; III: 324-326, 327 cancer incidence, II: 141, 148 cancer mortality, I: 444; III: 422, 424 childhood cancer, II: 299-300 child mortality study, II: 147 chloracne, I: 267-268, 366-367 circulatory disorders, I: 701-702 diabetes mellitus, III: 495 epidemiologic studies, I: 44-45, 63, 365368; II: 113, 141-143, 148; III: 130, 197-200, 232-233, 283, 285, 290, 296, 297-298, 303, 307, 309, 314, 318, 325-326, 327, 330, 331, 332, 336, 338, 344, 348, 349, 352, 353, 356, 358, 363, 365, 372, 373, 380, 385, 386, 388-389, 390, 436, 449, 495, 505 597 exposure assessment, I: 267-268, 285, 598-599; II: 4-5, 103, 105-106; III: 150, 156, 158, 160-161, 162 female reproductive cancers, I: 511; II: 211-212, 213; III: 330, 331, 332 gastrointestinal tract tumors, II: 177, 180; III: 271, 273 gastrointestinal ulcers, I: 691 hepatic enzyme disorders, I: 686-687 hepatobiliary cancers, II: 184; III: 283, 285 Hodgkin's disease, II: 236; III: 372, 373 immune modulation, I: 695 infertility, III: 449 latency and cancer risk, II: 271, 272, 273, 274, 275; III: 13, 408, 414, 420, 422, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 430 leukemia, I: 13, 569-570, 571; II: 245 246; III: 385, 386, 388-389, 390 lipid abnormalities, I: 689; III: 505 liver cancer, I: 454-455 liver disorders, I: 367 lung cancer, I: 469; II: 271; III: 296, 297 298, 299, 422, 424 mortality studies, I: 652; II: 141, 271, 272-273, 275; III: 422, 424, 426, 427 multiple myeloma, I: 562; II: 243; III: 380 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer, II: 189; III: 290 neurological disorders, II: 141 neuropsychiatric outcomes, I: 651-652 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, I: 540-541; II: 234; III: 363, 365 peripheral nervous system disorders, I: 663-664; II: 10, 312-313 porphyria cutanea tarda, I: 680-681 prostate cancer, I: 11; II: 9, 221, 248, 274, 275; III: 336, 338, 426, 427 renal cancer, II: 225; III: 352, 353 reproductive outcomes/toxicity, I: 598 599; II: 72; III: 436, 449 respiratory cancer, II: 200-201, 269, 272; III: 422, 424 respiratory outcomes, I: 710 response to accident, I: 43-44 skin cancer, I: 503; II: 12, 209, 210; III: 314, 318 soft-tissue sarcoma, I: 491-492; II: 206, 207, 208; III: 307, 309 testicular cancer, II: 228; III: 344
From page 598...
... Social Security Administration, II: 130, 152, 153 Society for Epidemiologic Research, II: 25 Soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) , I: 311, 314 age of onset, I: 436 agricultural/forestry workers and, I: 322, 326-328, 329-330, 335-336, 337, 339 340 biologic plausibility of TCDD in, I: 500; III: 311 case-control studies, I: 481-491 children and, I: 628 clinical features, I: 475, 476 cohort studies, I: 231, 243 epidemiologic studies, I: 231, 476, 477 500; II: 132, 134-135, 205-208; III: 306-310, 311 VETERANS AND AGENT ORANGE: UPDATE 1998 epidemiology, I: 475; II: 205; III: 304, 306 herbicide association in, I: 8, 9-10, 500, 572-573; II: 5, 6, 20, 205-208, 247; III: 6, 7, 20, 24, 306-310, 311 herbicide environmental exposure studies, I: 375, 383, 384; II: 207-208; III: 309 herbicide occupational exposure studies, III: 308-309 incidence, data by race/gender, for selected age groups, III: 306 pesticide applicators and, I: 491 production workers and, I: 8, 477-479, 499; II: 132, 134-135, 206-207 research recommendations, I: 19, 727 risk factors, I: 10, 477 scientific literature update, II: 206-208; III: 308-310 Vietnam veterans and, I: 395-396, 401, 475, 492-498, 500; II: 205, 208; III: 309-310 Vietnam veterans' compensation, I: 51, 55, 56; II: 24, 29, 30, 31 See also Kaposi's sarcoma; Leiomyosarcomas Somatostatin, I: 168, 169 South America, III: 510 Southeast Asia, II: 181, 188, 294, 295; III: 29, 237, 239, 241, 243, 282, 289, 318, 321, 452 South Korea, I: 61-62; II: 108-109 Soviet Union.
From page 599...
... cancer studies, II: 134, 136, 137, 178, 182, 183, 191, 193, 194, 195, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 204, 206, 269, 270, 271, 273, 274; III: 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 429 role of, I: 229-230 State governments, I: 60 Vietnam veterans epidemiologic studies by, I: 399-405, 495-496; II: 153, 158159, 161, 202, 292; III: 213-215, 243244 See also specific state Stillbirth. See Perinatal death Stomach cancer, I: 446, 447; II: 7, 12; III: 274-275 TCDD effects in, I: 169 See also Gastrointestinal (GI)
From page 600...
... Teratogenicity, I: 57, 62, 606-607 2,4-D, I: 180-181 2,4,5-T, I: 185, 373-374; II: 4 VETERANS AND AGENT ORANGE: UPDATE 1998 cacodylic acid, I: 189 picloram, I: 192 TCDD, I: 28, 30, 123, 159-160, 185, 368, 370, 372; III: 461 viral potential, I: 607 See also Birth defects Testicular cancer, I: 405 biologic plausibility, III: 347 epidemiologic studies, I: 519; II: 153, 227-228; III: 343-346 epidemiology, I: 515; II: 223-224; III: 343 herbicide association in, I: 13, 521; II: 7, 11, 20, 227-228, 249-250; III: 7, 10, 343-347 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: 344, 345 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 344, 345 histopathology, I: 513 incidence, data by race, for selected age groups, III: 343 scientific literature update, II: 227-228; III: 344, 346 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 519, 522; II: 153, 223-224, 227, 228 Vietnam veterans studies, III: 343-344, 345-346 See also Genitourinary cancers Testimony, I: 739-756; II: 343-348; III: 533536 Testosterone, I: 123, 157-158; II: 280, 281, 282 Tetrachlorobenzene, I: 28 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) , III: 5, 19 acute toxicity, II: 75-76 Ah receptor interaction, I: 3, 114, 118, 122, 123, 133-138, 150, 151, 152, 159-160, 439, 452-453, 457; II: 3-4, 51-53, 54-56, 57-62, 176; III: 33, 34, 35, 53, 54-58-61, 62-69, 129 animal studies, I: 111-114, 138-142, 477; II: 3-4, 12, 51-77; III: 4-5, 33, 34-36, 37, 40-43, 54-58, 62-63, 67-69, 74105, 128, 129, 130, 394, 396, 460461, 474, 475, 482, 501, 522-523 anti-estrogenicity and, I: 512; II: 62; III: 67-69 apoptosis of, II: 3, 67 autoimmunity and, I: 697-699 bioavailability, I: 128-129
From page 601...
... INDEX 60 biological consequences of activation, II: 57; III: 61-62 biomarkers, I: 4, 17, 259-262, 725; II: 101- 104; III: 146- 147 bladder cancer association, II: 225-227; III: 347-348 body burdens, III: 107- 108 body temperature regulation and, I: 169 bone cancer association, II: 204-205; III: 303 brain distribution, I: 160-161 brain tumors association, II: 229, 230; III: 357, 358 breast cancer association, II: 215-217; III: 327, 329 carcinogenesis promoter capability, I: 116, 142-143, 434, 439 carcinogenicity, I: 28-29, 116-118, 138 146, 439, 451; II: 3, 39-40, 65-68, 175, 176; III: 265, 394, 396, 430-431 cardiovascular toxicity, I: 171; II: 76; III: 74-75 cell proliferation capability of, I: 145; II: 3, 67 chemical properties, I: 28, 114, 127 chemical significant interactions, II: 64 65; III: 69-71 chemical structure, I: 125-126; II: 38 chloracne and, I: 4, 10, 28, 172-173, 262; II: 3, 5, 6, 317-321; III: 479-480 circulatory disorders and, I: 701-708; II: 336-337; III: 514, 515-516, 518 cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders and, II: 308 concerns about, I: 1, 2, 23-24, 28-32, 35 36; II: 2, 17, 18, 19, 26-27; III: 3-5, 12, 13, 14 corticosteroids and, I: 168, 171-172 cytochrome P4501A2 and, I: 130, 144 145, 170, 709 dermal toxicity, II: 76; III: 73-74 developmental toxicity, I: 123-124, 149, 156-157, 159-160, 185; II: 3, 41-42, 71, 72-73; III: 92-105 diabetes mellitus and, I: 683; II: 330-331; III: 494, 495, 500-501, 502 dietary significant interactions, II: 64 dioxin categorization, I: 23n, 125 DNA binding capability and transcription activation and, II: 56-57; III: 58-61 dose-response relationships, I: 111-114, 122, 128-129, 130, 137-138, 445, 673, 696; II: 318 endocrine effects, III: 83-84 environmental exposure assessment, I: 262-263, 267-270; II: 140- 149, 179 180, 184, 186, 190, 193, 200-201, 221, 222, 234, 236, 243; III: 156-157, 232-233, 234, 235-236, 297-298, 303 environmental persistence, I: 288 enzyme induction of, II: 3, 66-67 estrogen-mediation of carcinogenesis, I: 144-145 excretion, I: 132- 133 exposure assessment issues, II: 4-5, 104 106; III: 140-142, 144, 157-158, 159 161 exposure sources, I: 127 fatty acid biosynthesis and, I: 168-169 female reproductive system/breast cancers and, I: 512; II: 211-213; III: 331, 332 free radicals, II: 59; III: 64-65 gastrointestinal toxicity, I: 169-170, 447 452, 690-692; II: 177-181; III: 268 272, 511 gastrointestinal ulcers and, II: 334-335; III: 510 genotoxicity, I: 118, 143-144; II: 3 growth factor and, II: 59 H4IIE-luc cells and, III: 107 half-life, I: 129, 260-261; II: 104-105; III: 157-158 hepatic enzyme disorders and, I: 155-156, 685-688, 691-692 hepatobiliary cancers and, I: 457; II: 181 187; III: 283-285 hepatotoxicity, II: 3, 73-75; III: 76-79 herbicide contaminant capacity, I: 2, 3, 27, 91-92, 114, 126-127; II: 2, 3, 26; III: 1, 3, 5, 6, 140-142 hexachlorophene manufacture and, I: 40 Hodgkin's lymphoma and, II: 5, 6, 235, 236; III: 372-373 hypoglycemia and, I: 166-168 immune modulation and, I: 694-696; II: 328-329; III: 488, 489, 490, 491 immunotoxicity, I: 119-122, 146-151, 338, 477; II: 3, 40-41, 68-71; III: 85 92 infertility association, II: 282 inflammatory responses and, I: 148
From page 602...
... 602 VETERANS AND AGENT ORANGE: UPDATE 1998 interactions, significant, III: 69-71 intracellular communication of, II: 3, 67 68 latency issues, II: 13-14, 269, 270, 272; III: 420, 421, 423, 424, 425, 426, 429, 431 lethality, III: 71-73 leukemia association, II: 246; III: 386 388, 390 lipid abnormalities and, I: 688-690; II: 333-334; III: 505, 506, 507 liver toxicity, I: 115-116, 124, 138-139, 142, 143, 151-156, 165-166; II: 42, 331-333; III: 509 lung cancer and, III: 297-298, 299, 421, 423 mechanism of action, animal studies, II: 3, 54-65; III: 54-58, 62-63, 67-69 mechanisms of toxicity, II: 65-77 metabolism, I: 115-116, 131-133, 155 multiple myeloma association, II: 237 238, 243, 244; III: 378-380, 383 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer and, I: 460 neuropsychiatric outcomes and, I: 649 650, 651-652, 656, 657-658; II: 308 neurotoxicity, I: 160-166, 642; II: 3, 75; III: 84-85, 469, 470-471 non-Ah-mediated toxicity, I: 138 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and, I: 8, 9, 528-529, 574; II: 5, 6, 231-234; III: 364, 429 occupational exposure, I: 36-39, 262-267, 269-270, 303; II: 108-109, 113-140, 178-179, 190, 191-200, 219-220, 222, 232-234, 237-238; III: 153, 154, 155, 219, 220, 221-222, 223, 224, 284-285, 293, 296-297, 303 opioid antagonist capacity, I: 164 oral administration, I: 128 perinatal death association, II: 285-286 peripheral neuropathy and, II: 310-311, 314; III: 470-471 pharmacokinetics, I: 127-133, 160, 259 261, 284 porphyria cutanea tarda and, II: 5, 6, 321- 239, 240, 430-431 323; III: 481-482 potential health risk estimating, II: 63-65; III: 105-108 production of, I: 28, 114 prostate cancer association, II: 220-223, 273, 274, 275; III: 336-337, 425, 426 protein kineses and, II: 60-62; III: 65-67 Qsar model approach, III: 106 Ranch Hand study, II: 109; III: 50, 146 147 renal cancer association, II: 225; III: 353 renal toxicity, II: 77; III: 75-76 reproductive toxicity, I: 123-124, 156 159, 368, 371-372, 597, 599, 605; II: 3, 41-42, 71-72; III: 92-105, 446, 449 respiratory cancers and, II: 13-14, 189 203, 269, 270, 272 respiratory disorders and, I: 170, 472, 709-710, 712-714; III: 484 sensitivity interspecies and interindividual differences, II: 63-64; III: 108 skin cancer and, I: 141, 142-143, 502 503; II: 209-211; III: 313-316, 317, 319, 320, 322 soft-tissue sarcoma and, I: 477, 478, 490, 498-500; II: 5, 6, 205-208; III: 307, 308 solubility, I: 114, 115-116, 127 teratogenicity, I: 28-29, 30, 31, 123, 159 160, 185, 368, 370, 372; III: 461 testicular cancer association, II: 228; III: 346 tissue specificity, II: 64 toxic equivalency factors approach, II: 63; III: 106, 158, 159 toxic equivalent concentration approach, III: 107 toxicity, factors influencing, II: 63-65; III: 105-108 toxicity profile, III: 50-108 toxicity update summary, II: 51-53 toxicokinetics, animal studies, II: 3, 53 54; III: 4-5, 48 Vietnam amount used, I: 27, 106; II: 26 Vietnamese civilians' exposure, II: 108 109, 148; III: 156-157 Vietnam military exposure, I: 17, 26, 149 161; II: 21, 22, 181, 185, 187, 190, 201-202, 204, 205, 208, 209, 211, 212, 226, 276, 308; III: 146, 147, 237, Vietnam veterans' compensation, II: 28 29; III: 26-27 wasting syndrome, I: 160-161, 162-166; II: 76-77; III: 80-83 See also Herbicides; Serum levels, TCDD; TCDD biologic plausibility
From page 603...
... ; II: 4, 18; III: 5, 19, 218, 219, 220, 223, 224, 226, 234 acute toxicity, I: 184 Agent Orange and, I: 27; II: 26 animal studies, I: 181-185; II: 49-50; III: 47-48, 396, 462 birth defects and, II: 287; III: 462 calcium homeostasis and, II: 4 carcinogenicity, I: 37, 118, 119, 182-184; II: 40; III: 396 chemical properties, I: 114, 182; II: 38; III: 32 chemical structure, I: 111, 114 chloracne and, I: 36 chronic exposure, I: 184 circulatory disorders and, I: 700-701 development of, I: 24, 26, 35, 181; III: 135, 136, 137, 138, 140 developmental toxicity, I: 185; II: 42, 49 50 disease outcomes, III: 48 domestic use, I: 181 environmental exposure events, I: 42-43 genotoxicity, I: 119, 184
From page 604...
... Ulcers, gastrointestinal, I: 690-692 epidemiologic studies, II: 334; III: 510-513 epidemiology, II: 334; III: 508-509 herbicide exposure association with, II: 334; III: 510-514 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 510-512 scientific literature update, II: 334; III: 510-513 Vietnam veterans and, III: 512-513 See also Metabolic and digestive disorders VETERANS AND AGENT ORANGE: UPDATE 1998 Umea, Sweden, III: 228, 229 Uniroyal Inc., I: 35 United Kingdom, I: 315-316, 340, 382, 444, 462-463, 464, 477, 479, 537, 565, 595, 689; II: 194, 196, 269; III: 223, 224, 420 England National Cancer Register, III: 232 herbicide exposure assessment, III: 151 See also Yorkshire, England United Nations, I: 45 United Paperworkers International Union, III: 232 Update 1996. See Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 1996 Uppsala, Sweden, III: 228 Urinary bladder cancer.
From page 605...
... , II: 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12, 35, 45, 63, 65,71,89,90,91,96,97,99, 101, 102, 104, 107, 112, 132, 176, 179, 180, 181, 187, 190, 196, 207, 209, 210,214,218,225,228,232,236, 237, 246, 247, 249, 250, 266, 271, 278, 279, 286, 293, 296, 300, 305, 312, 323, 328, 357; III: 1, 2, 3, 5, 12, 32, 43, 85, 124, 125, 126, 132, 150, 157, 169, 220, 221, 223, 286, 303, 311, 320, 359, 389, 390, 416, 434, 435, 519, 522 background, II: 17-19; III: 17-23 basal/squamous cell skin cancer studies summary, III: 317-318, 321, 323 birth defects studies summary, III: 436 439 bladder cancer studies summary, II: 225 226; III: 347-348, 350-351 bone cancer studies summary, II: 204; III: 302, 305 brain tumor studies summary, II: 229; III: 356-357, 360, 361 breast cancer studies summary, III: 324 326, 328 childhood cancer studies summary, II: 299 chloracne studies summary, II: 318; III: 479-480 chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy studies summary, II: 310 circulatory disorders studies summary, II: 335-336; III: 514 cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders studies summary, II: 307; III: 468-469
From page 606...
... 606 VETERANS AND AGENT ORANGE: UPDATE 1998 congressional hearings on Agent Orange, II: 27-28; III: 25 Department of Veterans Affairs Task Force, II: 4-26; III: 24-25 diabetes mellitus studies summary, II: 330; III: 496-497 federal government response to concerns over military use of herbicides in Vietnam, II: 27-32; III: 25-30 female reproductive cancers studies summary, II: 211-212; III: 330-331, 332, 333 gastrointestinal tract tumors studies summary, II: 177-178; III: 268, 274281 gastrointestinal ulcers studies summary, II: 334; III: 510 health outcomes conclusions, II: 19-23; III: 19-20 hepatobiliary cancers studies summary, III: 282-283, 287-288 herbicide environmental exposure studies, II: 142-143, 144, 145-146; III: 197 202, 203-205, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283,288,291,301,316,323,328, 336, 342, 345, 350-351, 354, 369, 382, 392, 437, 454, 455, 456, 459, 479, 520 herbicide occupational exposure studies, II: 114, 115-116, 117-118, 119-120, 121-126; III: 170-174, 176-178, 180 182, 183-185, 188-196, 274-275, 276 277, 278-279, 280, 282-283, 286, 291, 294, 300-301, 305, 310, 312, 316, 317, 321, 323, 324-326, 328, 332, 333, 335-336, 345, 350, 354, 360, 367-369, 374-376, 381-382, 391-392, 454, 455, 456, 459, 496, 520 Hodgkin's disease studies summary, II: 235; III: 372, 374-375, 376 immune system disorders, studies summary, II: 327; III: 488-489 impact of report, II: 24-26; III: 23-25 infertility studies summary, II: 280; III: 445-446, 450 laryngeal cancer studies summary, III: 293, 294 legislation on Agent Orange, II: 28-29; III: 26-27 leukemia studies summary, II: 245; III: 385-386, 391-392 lipid abnormalities studies summary, II: 333; III: 504, 520, 521 liver toxicity studies summary, II: 332; III: 510 low-birthweight studies summary, III: 456-457, 459 lung cancer studies summary, III: 296, 300-301 melanoma studies summary, III: 313-314, 316, 317 metabolic and digestive disorders, studies summary, II: 330, 332, 333, 334 motor/coordination dysfunction studies summary, II: 309; III: 469-470 multiple myeloma studies summary, III: 377-378, 381-382 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer studies summary, III: 290, 291 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma studies summary, II: 231-232; III: 362-363, 367-369, 370-371 perinatal death studies summary, II: 285; III: 451, 454, 455, 456 peripheral neuropathy studies summary, III: 470-471, 473 porphyria cutanea tarda studies summary, II: 321-322; III: 481-482 prostate cancer studies summary, III: 335 336, 341, 342 renal cancer studies summary, II: 224; III: 352-353, 354, 355 research recommendations, II: 23-24; III: 23 respiratory disorders studies summary, II: 324-325; III: 483 skin cancer studies summary, III: 312 soft-tissue sarcomas studies summary, II: 205-206; III: 306-308 spontaneous abortion studies summary, II: 283 summary of, II: 37-42 testicular cancer studies summary, III: 343-344, 345-346 toxicology, overview, III: 36 Vietnam herbicides use by military, II: 26-27 Vietnam veterans' exposure studies, II: 154, 156-157, 158-159; III: 207-209, 210-217, 275, 278, 279, 281, 283, 288,291,305,310,312,316,317,
From page 607...
... INDEX 323, 326, 328, 336, 342, 345-346, 351, 355, 370-371, 376, 382, 437-438, 450, 454, 455, 456, 459, 497, 521 Vietnam veterans' increased disease risk, II: 22-23; III: 22-23 Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 1996, III: 1,2,3,6,8, 10,32,37,43,44,50,85, 106, 109, 125, 126, 132, 150, 157, 159, 169, 220, 221, 222, 223, 266, 286, 295, 298, 303, 309, 311, 319, 320, 339, 349, 359, 389, 390, 416, 417-418, 424, 426, 428, 434, 435, 444, 458, 519, 522, 533 background, III: 17-23 basal/squamous cell skin cancer studies summary, III: 317-318, 321, 323 birth defects studies summary, III: 436 439 bladder cancer studies summary, III: 347 348, 350 bone cancer studies summary, III: 302, 305 brain tumor studies summary, III: 356 357, 360, 361 breast cancer studies summary, III: 324 326, 327, 328 chloracne studies summary, III: 479-480 circulatory disorders studies summary, III: 514 cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders studies summary, III: 468-469 congressional hearings on Agent Orange, III: 25 Department of Veterans Affairs Task Force, III: 24-25 diabetes mellitus studies summary, III: 496 federal government response to concerns over military use of herbicides in Vietnam, III: 25-30 female reproductive system cancers studies summary, III: 330-331, 332, 333 gastrointestinal tract tumors studies summary, III: 268, 274-281 gastrointestinal ulcers studies summary, III: 510 health outcomes conclusions, III: 19-20 hepatobiliary cancers studies summary, III: 282-283, 287-288 607 herbicide environmental exposure studies, III: 197, 201, 203, 275, 277, 279, 283, 288, 323, 328, 336, 342, 345, 354, 369, 375, 382, 392 herbicide occupational exposure studies, III: 170, 172, 174, 175-176, 179, 183, 186-187, 274, 276, 278, 280, 282-283, 286,291,294,300,305,316,317, 321, 324-326, 328, 332, 333, 335-336, 345, 350, 354, 360, 367, 374, 381, 391, 496 Hodgkin's disease studies summary, III: 373, 374, 375, 376 impact of report, III: 23-25 infertility studies summary, III: 445-446 laryngeal cancer studies summary, III: 293, 294 legislation on Agent Orange, III: 26-27 leukemia studies summary, III: 385-386, 391, 392 lipid abnormalities studies summary, III: 504 liver disorders studies summary, III: 510 low-birthweight studies summary, III: 456-457 lung cancer studies summary, III: 296, 298, 300 melanoma studies summary, III: 313-314, 316, 317 motor/coordination dysfunction studies summary, III: 469-470 multiple myeloma studies summary, III: 377-378, 381, 382 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer studies summary, III: 290, 291 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma studies summary, III: 362-363, 367, 369, 370 perinatal death studies summary, III: 451 peripheral neuropathy studies summary, III: 470-471, 473 porphyria cutanea tarda studies summary, III: 481-482 prostate cancer studies summary, III: 335 336, 341, 342 renal cancers studies summary, III: 352 353, 354, 355 research recommendations, III: 23 respiratory disorders studies summary, III: 483 soft-tissue sarcoma studies summary, III: 306-308
From page 608...
... military herbicide use in, I: 1, 3, 24, 27, 84-85, 89-93, 94-96, 98-107, 286; II: 17, 18, 26, 27-32; III: 135-142 See also Ca Mau peninsula, Vietnam; Con Thieu province, Vietnam; Hanoi, Vietnam; Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Khe Sanh-Thonh Son Lam area; Mekong Delta; Rung Sat Special Zone; Vietnamese Vietnam Experience Study (VES) , III: 26, 240, 512 birth defects in offspring, II: 288, 289, 290; III: 436, 438, 439, 445 cancer mortality in, I: 444-445 childhood cancer in, I: 629; II: 300 chloracne in, I: 677 circulatory disorders in, I: 702 exposure assessment use, II: 101; III: 146 hepatobiliary cancers, II: 185; III: 283 VETERANS AND AGENT ORANGE: UPDATE 1998 Hodgkin's disease in, I: 556 immune system disorders in, I: 696 infertility in, II: 280 liver cancer in, I: 455 low birthweight outcomes in, I: 626 lung cancer in, I: 469 methodology, I: 57-58, 281, 284, 389-391 multiple myeloma, II: 244 neonatal death in, I: 622 neurologic/neuropsychiatric outcomes in, I: 656 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in, I: 542-543 origins, I: 50 reproductive outcomes in, I: 601, 609, 610-611, 626, 632 respiratory cancer in, II: 201 respiratory disorders in, I: 710-711 spine bifida in offspring, II: 9 Vietnam Veterans Agent Orange Health Study, I: 741 Vietnam veterans, I: 1; II: 2 acute and subacute transient peripheral neuropathy, II: 313; III: 473 advocacy groups, I: 60-61 Air Force research activities, II: 31-32; III: 28-29 altered sperm parameters in, I: 632, 634; III: 445, 446, 450 Australian, I: 61, 91, 406, 418, 444, 470, 496-497, 546, 614-615, 633, 702, 710; II: 113, 149, 160, 202, 293; III: 9, 216-217, 218, 237, 244-245, 273, 285 286, 290, 294, 295, 298, 299, 303, 310,311,314,315,327,329,339, 340, 343, 346, 349, 353, 355, 359, 365, 380, 389, 413, 424, 425, 469, 486, 486, 489, 500, 506, 512-513, 517 autoimmune disease in, I: 698, 699 basal/squamous cell skin cancer in, III: 323 birth defects in children of, I: 609-615, 618; II: 288-296, 298, 300; III: 435, 436, 437-438 bladder cancer in, I: 517; II: 223-224; III: 349, 351 bone cancer in, I: 473, 474-475; II: 204; III: 303, 305 brain tumors in, I: 522, 523, 525; III: 358 359, 361 breast cancer in, II: 213, 217, 218; III: 326, 328, 329
From page 609...
... INDEX 609 cancer expected incidence, I: 439-440, 442, 446, 452, 461, 501, 505, 513, 522, 526, 564; II: 176-177; III: 266 267, 430-431 cancer in children of, I: 629, 630-631; II: 299 cancer mortality, I: 444-445 cancer studies, I: 391-393, 401, 402-403, 405, 436-438; II: 176-177; III: 266 267, 430-431 chloracne in, I: 677-679; II: 317, 318, 321; III: 479-480 chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy in, II: 311 circulatory disorders in, I: 702-705; II: 336; III: 516-518 class action suit, I: 34-35 cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders in, II: 318; III: 469 compensation for, I: 34-35, 47, 50-51, 55 56; II: 28-29, 30-31; III: 26-27, 28 congressional responses to concerns of, I: 46-52; II: 27-29; III: 25-28 defining, I: 78 demographics, I: 79, 80-84 developmental toxicity, II: 72 diabetes mellitus in, I: 684, 685, 698; II: 330; III: 495, 497, 498, 500, 502 disabilities discharges, I: 32 disease increased risk for, I: 14-15, 221, 225-226, 247-248, 578; II: 14, 22-23, 88,89,91,218,223,251,276,298, 300-301, 314, 321, 323; III: 14-15, 22-23, 124, 127-128, 329, 334, 343, 397, 430-431, 444, 462, 475-476, 491, 503, 507-508, 525 distribution by branch of service, I: 81 Environmental Protection Agency research activities, II: 32; III: 29-30 epidemiologic studies, I: 50, 57-59, 62 63, 384-418; II: 3, 6-7, 28, 113, 149 161; III: 26, 206-217, 236-245, 272 273, 275, 277-278, 279, 281, 283, 285-286, 288, 290, 291, 294-295, 298, 301, 303, 305, 309-310, 312, 316, 317, 323, 326, 328, 333, 336, 338, 339, 340, 342, 343-344, 345-346, 349, 351, 353, 355, 358-359, 361, 363, 365, 370-371, 372, 373, 376, 380, 382, 385, 386, 389, 392, 435, 436, 437-438, 445, 446, 450, 454, 455, 456, 457, 459, 467, 468, 469, 470, 473, 479, 480, 481, 482, 485-486, 489, 491, 495, 497, 498, 500, 502, 505-506, 512-513, 516-518, 521 federal government activities/research on military use of herbicides, II: 27-32; III: 25-30 female reproductive system cancers in, I: 505, 511-512, 577; II: 211, 212; III: 333 gastrointestinal tract cancers in, I: 446; II: 177, 180-181 gastrointestinal ulcers in, I: 691, 692; III: 512-513 genitourinary tract cancers in, I: 513, 518, 522; II: 223-224; III: 272-273, 275, 277-278, 279, 281 health care of, II: 28, 29; III: 26, 27 health concerns of, I: 1, 32-34, 46-47; II: 17-24, 26-27; III: 17-30 hepatic enzyme disorders in, I: 687 hepatobiliary cancers in, I: 455, 457; II: 181, 185, 187; III: 283, 285-286, 288 herbicide exposure assessment issues, II: 4-5, 14, 17-24, 26-27; III: 2, 5-6, 142, 143, 146-150 herbicide exposure assessment strategies for, I: 270-284; II: 99-109; III: 144 145 Hodgkin's disease in, I: 526, 554-556, 557; II: 235, 236; III: 372, 373, 376 immune modulation in, I: 695-696, 699; III: 489, 491 infertility, I: 632, 633, 634; II: 280; III: 445, 446, 450 International Agency for Research on Cancer research activities, III: 30 laryngeal cancer in, III: 294-295 latency relevance for assessing herbicides' effect on cancer risk in, II: 276; III: 12-13, 430-431 legislation concerning herbicide exposure and health of, II: 28-29; III: 26-27 leukemia in, I: 13, 564, 570, 571-572; II: 245, 246; III: 385, 386, 389, 392 lipid abnormalities in, I: 689, 692; II: 333; III: 505-506, 521 liver toxicity in, II: 332; III: 512-513 low-birthweight outcomes for, I: 626, 628; III: 457, 459 lung cancer in, III: 298, 301 melanoma in, III: 316, 317
From page 610...
... ; Compensation, veterans; Demographic data, Vietnam veterans; Operation Ranch Hand; Risk assessment, Vietnam veterans Vietnam Veterans of America, I: 60 Vietnamese birth defects and herbicide exposure, II: 287-288 cancer in, II: 148; III: 283 epidemiologic studies, I: 599-601; II: 113, 144-145, 148, 184, 287-288; III: 202 202, 234, 283 herbicide environmental exposure, II: 144-145, 148, 287-288; III: 283 herbicide exposure assessment, I: 269, 370-372; II: 4-5, 108-109; III: 156 157 herbicide exposure indices development, II: 107-108 reproductive outcomes, I: 599-601, 608 609 research recommendations, I: 731 scientists in, studies of Vietnamese veterans, III: 245
From page 611...
... See Breast cancer; Cervical cancer; Demographic data, Vietnam veterans; Gender; Ovarian cancer; Reproductive disorders; Reproductive system cancers, women; Uterine cancer Women veterans, I: 79; II: 30 breast cancer estimated risk, II: 218; III: 329 611 breast cancer expected incidence, I: 440, 461, 501, 505, 513, 522, 526, 564; II: 213 breast cancer in, II: 213, 216-217; III: 322, 324-328, 329 circulatory disease in, I: 702 epidemiologic studies, I: 50, 81; II: 28, 152-153, 180, 181, 190, 201, 204, 205, 209, 211, 212, 213-217, 218, 219-223, 226, 228, 229, 231, 245, 278, 280; III: 324-328, 333 mortality studies, I: 394-395, 470, 545; II: 152-153, 180, 201 reproductive outcomes, III: 434-435 reproductive system cancers in, II: 211, 212; III: 333 research recommendations, I: 728 statistics, I: 83-84 See also Reproductive system cancers, women Women Veterans Health Programs Act of 1992. See Public Law 102-585 World Health Organization, II: 282; III: 30, 454, 492 Mortality Data Bank, I: 314; II: 132; III: 223, 378, 484-485, 512, 516 World War II; I: 25, 32, 82; II: 150, 268; III: 237, 420 X Xenobiotic responsive elements (XREs)


This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.