Arsenic in Drinking Water (1999) / Chapter Skim
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6 Biomarkers of Arsenic Exposure
6 Biomarkers of Arsenic Exposure
Pages 177-192
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. However, the total urinary arsenic concentration does not provide information
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One serving of seafood might give rise to urinary arsenic concentrations of more than 1,000 µg/L (Norin and Vahter 1981)
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. In northeastern Taiwan, people living in villages with arsenic concentrations of 50-300 µg/L in drinking water had an average of 140 µg/L in urine (Chiou et al.
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, and unadjusted urinary arsenic (sum of inorganic arsenic metabolites) showed the strongest correlation with bladder-cell micronuclei (Biggs et al.
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In subjects exposed to arsenic via drinking water, blood arsenic concentrations are clearly increased and might reach several tens of micrograms per liter (Heydorn 1970; Valentine et al. 1979; Vahter et al.
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. The main disadvantage of using hair and nails as indicators of exposure to arsenic is that the arsenic concentrations might be influenced by external contamination via air, water, soaps, and shampoos. That was clearly demonstrated in studies on people living in Fairbanks, Alaska, where the water contained arsenic at 345 µg/L (Harrington et al.
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For example, concentrations ranging from 3 to 10 mg/kg are reportedly common in people in areas in West Bengal that have high arsenic concentrations in drinking water (Das et al.
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. As with hair, external contamination can increase the arsenic concentrations in nails. Summary And Conclusions Arsenic exposure via drinking water is often estimated from the concentrations in the drinking water, sometimes in combination with information on the consumed amounts of water via drinking and food preparation.
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Recommendations More data are needed that tie biomarkers of absorbed dose (especially urinary concentrations of arsenic metabolites) to arsenic exposure concentrations, tissue concentrations, and the clinical evidence of arsenic toxicity.
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1992. The effect of seafood consumption on the assessment of occupational exposure to arsenic by urinary arsenic speciation measurements.
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Part 2. Arsenic concentration in drinking water, hair, nails, urine, skin-scale and liver tissue (biopsy)
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1970. Environmental variation of arsenic levels in human blood determined by neutron activation analysis.
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1993. Speciation of eight arsenic compounds in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection using antimonate for internal chromatographic standardization.
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1997. Hair analysis does not support hypothesized arsenic and chromium exposure from drinking water in Woburn, Massachusetts.
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1979. ,Arsenic levels in human blood, urine, and hair in response to exposure via drinking water.
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1997. Airborne arsenic and urinary excretion of arsenic metabolites during boiler cleaning operations in a Slovak coal-fired power plant.
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