Arsenic in Drinking Water (1999) / Chapter Skim
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9 Essentiality and Therapeutic Uses
9 Essentiality and Therapeutic Uses
Pages 251-263
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From page 251... ...
2. Reduction of exposure to the substance below a certain limit results consistently and reproducibly in an impairment of physiologically important functions, and restitution of the substance under otherwise identical conditions prevents the impairment.
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From page 252... ...
Essentiality in Humans Arsenic has not been tested for essentiality in humans nor has it been found to be required for any essential biochemical processes. Goats and Minipigs Goats and minipigs fed semisynthetic diets low in arsenic (arsenic at less
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From page 253... ...
(1978) reported strong growth depression and premature death in rats fed a milk-powder-based diet containing arsenic at 30 ng/g of diet compared with controls supplemented with arsenic at 4.5 µg/g of diet.
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From page 254... ...
The addition of arsenic at 1 µg/g of diet produced a significant growth effect, as it did in a third experiment using a milk-powder-based diet containing arsenic at 35 ng/g of diet. A fourth experiment using a diet containing arsenic at 45 ng/g of diet, however, showed no stimulation of growth when arsenic was added (Nielsen 1980)
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From page 255... ...
. Although the studies reviewed here have not been independently confirmed under identical experimental conditions, all replications by the authors have been consistent in goats and minipigs fed semisynthetic diets with low arsenic content, as well as in rats and chicks subjected to additional dietary stresses.
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From page 256... ...
The experimental diets met the nutritional requirements of the respective species; their protein sources ranged from purified amino acids to milk powder, casein, and urea. Although diets with arsenic as low as 5 and 10 ng/g were administered, a clear relationship between the arsenic content and the severity of the signs in goats, minipigs, and rats was not established.
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From page 257... ...
would correspond to 1 mg or more of arsenic per day for an adult human. The foregoing discussion of inorganic arsenic as an essential nutrient in animals should be distinguished from the use of aryl arsenic veterinary medications as additives to animal feed (Adams et al.
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From page 258... ...
, and pain. The noted physician Sir William Osler, writing in the first edition of his textbook Principles and Practice of Medicine, recommended inorganic arsenic in the treatment of pernicious anemia, chorea, leukemia, and Hodgkin's disease (Osler 1894)
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From page 259... ...
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for treatment of the meningoencephalitic stage of African trypanosomiasis. The precise mechanisms by which inorganic arsenic exerted salutary effects in treatment have not been elucidated, but it is of interest that its reported benefit in psoriasis, eczema, and bronchial asthma and its antipyretic effect in certain febrile diseases suggest that it might have exerted suppressive effects on immune-mediated inflammation.
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From page 260... ...
. Although the studies have had no independent confirmation under identical experimental conditions, replications by the original investigators have been consistent with goats and minipigs fed semisynthetic diets, as well as with rats and chicks subjected to additional dietary stress.
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From page 261... ...
403-409 in Trace Substances in Environmental Health—X, Proceedings of the University of Missouri's Tenth Annual Conference on Trace Substances in Environmental Health, D.D. Hemphill, ed.
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From page 262... ...
1952. Cutaneous sequelae following treatment of bronchial asthma with inorganic arsenic: Report of two cases.
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From page 263... ...
Pandolfi, and R.P. Warrell, Jr. 1998. Complete remission after treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with arsenic trioxide.
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