Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field (1999) / Chapter Skim
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21 Conclusion: Militarily Important Issues Identified in this Report
21 Conclusion: Militarily Important Issues Identified in this Report
Pages 497-508
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From page 497... ...
. Because higher energy intakes appeared to preserve immune functions, even in the presence of multiple other military stresses, the Committee on Military Nutrition Research (CMNR)
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From page 498... ...
Specifically, is there likely to be enough value added to justify adding to operational rations or including an additional component? GENERAL CONCEPTS Ranjit Kumar Chandra, for decades a world leader and prolific writer in the field of nutritional immunology, discusses the role of malnutrition in diminishing resistance against infectious diseases and in creating dysfunctions in cell-mediated immunity, in humoral and secretory antibody production, in phagocyte function, in cytokine production, and in complement system effectiveness (see Chapter 7 in this volume)
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Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) team discovered a full quarter century ago must be emphasized (Pekarek and Beisel, 1971; Wannemacher et al., 1972~.
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From page 500... ...
She also emphasizes the need to determine the body content of key nutrients, focusing on those that significantly affect immune functions (protein, energy, most vitamins especially A, C, Be, By, and folic acid; and trace elements including Fe, Zn, Cu.
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From page 501... ...
It has long been recognized that military operations may disrupt circadian rhythms. However, relatively little is known about possible immunological rhythms having weekly, monthly, or yearly periodicity.
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From page 502... ...
The CMNR report must ask and try to differentiate, if possible, the relevance of dietary diminutions during combat and severe military training operations, in contrast to the relevance of numerous other types of stress that might lead to immunological dysfunctions in the military forces. Is it possible that extraordinary efforts to maintain an adequate dietary intake of energy and essential nutrients during combat situations might prevent these stress-associated immunological dysfunctions?
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From page 503... ...
Wilmore suggests that glutamine supplements may also be of value for military personnel exposed to radiation or chemical injury or to bacterial pathogens. He postulates that glutamine supplementation might benefit the performance of healthy soldiers by supporting muscle protein synthesis and glycogen stores and by stimulating the production of growth hormone as well as bicarbonate.
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From page 504... ...
A genetic mutation involving six nucleotide changes caused the avirulent virus to become virulent. These surprising findings are of great biological significance, for, as pointed out earlier by Morse (see Appendix A in this volume)
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At the same time, use of iron chelation therapy can hasten recovery from severe cerebral malaria. The military has poured much time, effort, and money into malaria research, including a 40-y screening program involving over 250,000 possible drugs, plus major vaccine development efforts (Wyler, 1992~; thus, the potential contribution of iron is of considerable interest.
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From page 506... ...
Even short-term dietary restrictions during stressful military training operations can induce laboratory evidence of NAIDS while longer periods of military stress can also predispose soldiers to the development of infectious illnesses. It remains unclear if derangements in immunological indices observed during strenuous military exercises are due solely to dietary deprivation, to other military stresses, or to some combination of both.
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From page 507... ...
1995. Iron, but not folic acid, combined with effective antimalarial therapy promotes phaematological recovery in African children after acute falciparum malaria.
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