Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles Fifth Report (1999) / Chapter Skim
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4 Major Crosscutting Issues
4 Major Crosscutting Issues
Pages 59-77
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From page 59... ...
(see Table 4-1~. These appropriations include work directly relevant to PNGV and coordinated with PNGV technical teams (Tier 1)
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From page 60... ...
Third, the three USCAR partners have substantially increased their proprietary efforts towards the development of concept vehicles and have formed significant vehicle-development groups. Finally, the PNGV technical teams appear to be working well together.
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From page 61... ...
In the committee's fourth report, it was noted that the nonhybrid vehicle with a CIDI engine could provide a fuel economy of 65 mpg at significantly lower cost than the hybrid vehicle. The overall impact on vehicle-lifetime fuel economy over today's vehicle is very significant (NRC, 1998a)
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From page 62... ...
A new fuel was blended and tested by the PNGV 4SDI technical team, SWRI, and DOE, which reduced particulate emissions by 50 percent as compared to standard diesel fuel. Fuel Cells Several important accomplishments were made in the past year.
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From page 63... ...
Twelve amp-hr lithium-ion battery cells were demonstrated in cycle testing and first-generation 50-V modules were constructed by the PNGV battery technical team with SAFT. A firstgeneration nickel metal hydride 50-V battery module is in a test program with the PNGV battery technical team and VARTA.
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From page 64... ...
However, the committee believes that much of the progress can also be attributed to the attitude and efforts of the PNGV technical teams who are now working with more team spirit toward meeting common goals. The committee believes this is a very positive change that has provided a needed boost to continuing technical productivity.
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From page 65... ...
Further work will be necessary on air conditioning, power steering, and other accessories to approach the mass of a production vehicle and to meet manufacturability requirements. Overall system efficiency and optimum control strategy are primary concerns for "fuel-flexible" fuel cells.
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From page 66... ...
For every new technology, new failure modes and safety concerns will have to be assessed, including crashworthiness, flammability, explosion, electrical shock, and toxicity. The committee has not reviewed safety issues in depth with the PNGV technical teams but is satisfied that they are aware of these issues and are addressing them on an ongoing basis as part of the overall program.
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From page 67... ...
Based on these test results, the committee believes that structural concepts and analytical tools are available to design lightweight PNGV concept cars that will perform safely in collisions with heavier cars because of the excellent energy absorption characteristics of the alternate materials. Nevertheless, the committee recognizes that vehicle safety research is in its infancy and believes the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration should become involved in crashworthiness studies of lightweight vehicles with designs comparable to the designs of PNGV vehicles.
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From page 68... ...
The most promising power plants being considered by PNGV, namely, CIDI engines and fuel cells, may require extensively modified fuels. However, even if the PNGV program can achieve Goal 3 by using one of these power plants, the possibility of marketing the vehicles may be limited, or even prohibited, by the unavailability of suitable fuels.
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From page 69... ...
In the short term, lowsulfur fuel would enable gasoline engines to meet more stringent emission requirements; in the midterm, it would be critical to the introduction of CIDI engines; and in the long term, it would be necessary for vehicles with fuel cells using petroleum-based fuels and reformers. The DOE has taken a leadership role on this issue.
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From page 70... ...
Because there are trade-offs between NOx emissions, particulate emissions, and fuel economy when emissions control is used with the CIDI engine, effective exhaust-treatment systems for NOx and particulates will be vitally important to achieving PNGV emissions, fuel economy, and cost targets with this engine. The effectiveness of exhaust-treatment technology for CIDI engines is greatly affected by fuel composition.
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From page 71... ...
The current California regulatory proposals on NOx and particulate emissions are likely to preclude the use of the very efficient CIDI engine in the United States unless an effective exhaust-gas treatment technology can be developed, the prospects for which depend on the extent and rate of implementation of improvements in diesel fuel. These standards may thus inhibit increased fuel economy and reduced petroleum consumption for the nation as a whole.
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From page 72... ...
, fuel economy, CO2 emissions, as well as fuel quality, will affect the choice of the CIDI engine as the most promising short-term combustion-engine technology; a program plan that responds to that assessment should be developed. The PNGV, especially the U.S.
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From page 73... ...
expansion of R&D on high-throughput hole making. The PNGV also plans to support the manufacturability assessments by the PNGV technical teams in other areas, as requested, review project portfolios of other automotive-related organizations for their relevancy to the PNGV, communicate project findings to manufacturing management of the USCAR partners, and initiate production application of projects.
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From page 74... ...
Recommendation Recommendation. Future committee reviews should focus on the progress of manufacturing projects toward meeting the needs of the Goal 3 technical teams in development of component and subsystem technologies.
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From page 75... ...
Work directly relevant to PNGV and coordinated with PNGV technical teams is supported by DOE's OAAT. In fiscal year
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Work directly relevant to the PNGV program but not coordinated with the PNGV technical teams is also supported by the National Institute for Standards and Technology, both through in-house activities and the Advanced Technology Program. The total level of funding was $19 million in fiscal year 1999.
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From page 77... ...
Department of Energy Office of Advanced Automotive Technologies to validate components and component systems should be established with the full cooperation and participation of industry.
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