Amphibians Guidelines for the Breeding, Care and Management of Laboratory Animals (1974) / Chapter Skim
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IX Amphibian Medicine
IX Amphibian Medicine
Pages 115-126
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From page 115... ...
Entire books deal with the classification of amphibian infections and infestations, while therapy and prevention are usually dispensed with within a few pages. Moreover, those methods suggested, for the most part, have never been adequately evaluated.
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From page 116... ...
. Serious students of amphibian diseases may also find the extensive collection of reprints at the Osborn Laboratories of Marine Sciences to be an invaluable source (Ross R
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From page 117... ...
The Mimeae are easily missed as they tend to grow relatively slowly and the Aeromonas overgrows them. These observations led to the conclusion that A
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From page 118... ...
Plastic disposable syringes with plastic plunger seals are recommended for use with the stomach tubes since the plungers do not slide while the stomach tube is being inserted. The stomach tube should be inserted gently into the frog's esophagus with light manual pressure so that the ball tip passes the pyloric sphyncter without unnecessary irritation and vomiting.
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From page 119... ...
Twice daily administration of a dosage of 5 mg Tetracycline HCl/30 g body weight produces effective blood levels and is well tolerated. Although apparently unnecessary, the dosage can be doubled without ill effects.
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From page 120... ...
From a practical standpoint, Tetracycline-treated frogs have been held for years without recurrence of serious bacterial infections (Gibbs et al., 1966~. The major cause of death in such a treated population is likely to be the Lucke renal adenocarcinoma.
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From page 121... ...
As already mentioned, the Lucke renal adenocarcinoma virus or Lucke tumor herpesvirus (LTHV) is the major cause of death in populations of laboratory frogs that have been treated for their bacterial infections and maintained under optimal conditions.
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From page 122... ...
Tadpole edema virus may also be responsible for the loss of adult laboratory frogs. It is felt that occasional epidemics of bloating, eventually leading to death, may be related to this virus, which is highly lethal in tadpole populations.
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From page 123... ...
sharply distinguish between those animals directly or indirectly exposed to intermediate hosts and those protected from such exposure. In this regard, the selection of food items is restricted by the fact that living or unprocessed foods may introduce parasites into the laboratory environment unless these foods are, themselves, isolated from the life-cycle sequences of potential parasites.
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From page 124... ...
Some authors have recommended increased salinity, dips of potassium permanganate or formaldehyde, or topically applied tincture of iodine as treatment for fungal disease. However, in view of the highly sensitive and vital nature of amphibian skin, such practices must remain open to question, since they may only serve to produce additional insult and the efficacy of such treatments has not been clearly established under controlled conditions.
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From page 125... ...
The least cumbersome and least stress-producing procedure may still be brain and spinal pithing, an instantaneous technique. A sharp needle of a diameter appropriate to the size of the animal is quickly inserted in a cranial direction through the foremen magnum and is rotated in a manner to crusts the brain bilaterally.
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From page 126... ...
causes increased blood glucose and lactate and discussed the mechanism of this response.
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