Effective Manning of the U.S. Merchant Fleet (1984) / Chapter Skim
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2. Effective Manning
2. Effective Manning
Pages 7-8
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From page 7... ...
However, other manning innovations have the potential for simultaneously increasing productivity and improving working conditions, e.g., interdepartmental flexibility, decentralized decision making, participative work planning, employment and assignment continuity, and increased training . Effective manning became an objective in the early 1960s when vessel operators in Northwest Europe and Japan sought to take advantage of shipboard automation to reduce their operating costs, in part by reducing crew, as a counter strategy to the more cheaply manned and operated fleets of developing nations, flags of convenience, and the more heavily subsidized fleets of Eastern bloc countries.
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From page 8... ...
Government agencies have sponsored basic and applied research preceding shipboard exper imentation, and occasionally have provided monetary support for the exper iments. Government agent ies also have prov ided regulatory vat lance when necessary for experimental purposes, and made permanent regulatory changes consequent to experimental success.
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