Emergency and Continuous Exposure Limits for Selected Airborne Contaminants Volume 2 (1984) / Chapter Skim
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Vinylidene Chloride
Vinylidene Chloride
Pages 103-112
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From page 103... ...
concentration occurred in a NASA-sponsored Manned Environmental Systems Assessment project involving a five-man crew. Signs and symptoms included loss of appetite, extreme nausea, vomiting, facial-muscle symptoms, and headache.
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From page 104... ...
Mice exposed at 50 ppm showed progressive renal necrosis in the first 24 h (Reitz et al., 1979~; severe tubular necrosis has been reported in mice exposed at 15 ppm for 23 h (Short et al., 1977~. Dogs, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, and monkeys exposed to VDC by inhalation at 99 ppm, ~ in/d, 5 d/wk for 6 wk showed no mortality or evidence of toxicity.
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(1978) found that fasting had no effect on its metabolism when rats were exposed to vapor at 10 ppm for 6 h; but fasted rats exposed at 200 ppm for 6 h showed a reduced capacity to metabolize VDC, and liver damage and -105
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The carcinogenicity of VDC in the mouse kidney can be hypothetically explained by a metabolic transformation of VDC to an alky~ating agent that initiates the carcinogenic process by covalent binding to DNA and promotes the process by stimulating cellular regeneration. If such initiation and promotion can occur only when VDC exposures are high enough to deplete tissue stores of glutathione (which detoxifies activated VDC)
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From page 107... ...
occupational exposure of humans. Continuous exposure at 15 ppm produced mortality among some guinea pigs and monkeys, but surviving animals displayed no organ toxicity.
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TABLE 12 Summary of Results of Recent Inhalation-Toxicology Studies on VDC Concentration, Duration Species ppm of Exposure Toxic Effects Reference 5-70 Several years No clinical signs Ott et al., 1976 Monkey 25, 47 24 in/d, 90 d Death Prendergast et al., 1967 Guinea pig 15, 25, 47 24 in/d, 90 d Death Prendergast et al., 1967 Rat 500 6 in/d, 20 d Decreased body weight, Gage, 1970 liver toxicity Rat 150 4 h Increased serum Jaeger et al., 1975 alanine-a-keto glutarate transamin ase 24 h later Rat 100 4 h None Jaeger et al., 1975 Rat 75, 100 4 in/d, 5 d/wk, 12 ma No dose-related Viola and Caputo, tumors 1977 Rat 25, 75 6 in/d, 5 d/wk, Cytoplasmic vacua- Rampy et al., 1977 18 mo lization in hepatocytes after 1 ma, no gross tumors at 24 ma Rat 60 22-23 in/d, 2 d Increased serum Short et al., 1977 glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminA se Rat 55 6 in/d, 5 d/wk, 12 ma Rat 47 24 in/d, 90 d Hemangiosarcoma in lymph nodes and subcutaneous tissue Lee _ al., 1978 Kidney injury Prendergast et al., 1967 Rat 10, 40 6 in/d, 5 d/wk, No vacuolization Rampy et al., 1977 4 wk -108
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"Minimal" liver Torkelson and Rowe, 1981 several months and kidney injury -109
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TLVs(R) : Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in the Work Environment with Intended Changes for 1983-1984.
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1977. Interim results of two-year toxicological studies in rats of vinylidene chloride incorporated in the drinking water or administered by repeated inhalation.
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From page 112... ...
1981. Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons containing chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
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