Emergency and Continuous Exposure Limits for Selected Airborne Contaminants Volume 2 (1984) / Chapter Skim
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Isopropyl Alcohol
Isopropyl Alcohol
Pages 56-68
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From page 56... ...
It`; second main use is as a solvent: to extract or purify numerous natural products, such as oils, gums, shellacs, waxes, kelp, and pectin; in the manufacture of fish-protein concentrate; as a solvent for synthetic resins, e.g., such coatings as phenolic varnishes and nitrocellulose lacquers; and as a solvent in drug and cosmetic formulations (it is the major component of rubbing compounds used as solvents and rubefacients ~ (Lowenheim and Moran, 1975; Wick son, 1968; National Formulary Board, 1975~. Its use in cosmetics has generally been limited deco highly scented or -56
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From page 57... ...
of coma produced in hospital patients by topical application of isopropyl alcohol during sponge baths intended to reduce fever. Blood isopropyl alcohol concentrations ranged from 10 to 220 mg/100 ml; recovery in all cases was complete in 24-36 h.
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From page 58... ...
Augmented hepatotoxicity of various chlorinated hydrocarbons was noted in mice administered isopropyl alcohol at 2.5 ml/kg 18 h before hydrocarbon exposure (Traiger and Plaa, 1974~. Lehman and Chase (1944)
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From page 59... ...
In animals inhaling isopropyl alcohol at 20 mg/m3 (~.14 ppm) , postmortem findings included hyperplasia of the spleen with the development of hemorrhages of the sinuses and erosion of follicular cells, some evidence of liver parenchymal cell dystrophy, hyperplastic ependymal cell';, and degenerative changes in the cerebral motor cortex.
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From page 60... ...
Before 1940, the toxicity of isopropyl alcohol was compared with that of methyl alcohol, in which the long and cumulative action was attributed to low rates of metabolism and excretion. But most data now point to a fairly rapid disposal of isopropyl alcohol, which is eliminated from the bloodstream of dogs within 24 h at ter administration.
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From page 61... ...
Analyses of spinal cord axon lipid composition showed increases in cholesterol content in relation to lipid phosphorus in animals exposed to isopropyl alcohol or to the combination of isopropyl and ethyl alcohol. Spontaneous behavioral tests indicated minor effects on reactivity from the tenth week on with isopropyl alcohol exposure.
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From page 62... ...
The threshold limit value of 400 ppm set by the ACGIH may cause mild irritation of the eyes, nose and throat, especially in those not regularly exposed." The 24-h EEL and 90-d CEL were apparently recommended by the Committee on the basis of its Judgment concerning tolerable doses for these periods and extrapol ations from the 400-ppm 60-min EEL. No new information has become available to suggest change'; in previously proposed EELS for 1 and 24 h.
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From page 63... ...
TABLE 6 Acute Toxicity of Isopropyl Alcohola Species Route Measure Value , l H''m~ n Eye Irritation20 ppm Human Oral TDLo15,710 mg/kg Human Oral LDLo 3,600 mg/kg Human Inhalation TClo 400 ppm HIPPO Subcutaneous LDLo 6 mg/kg Human U~kn own LDLo 2,770 mg/kg Rat Oral LD50 5,340 mg/kg Rat Inhalation LC50 16,000 ppm, ~ h Mouse Oral LOLo 192 mg/kg Mouse IntraperitOneal LD50 933 mg/kg Mouse Subcutaneous LDLo 6,000 mg/kg Dog Oral LD50 6,150 mg/kg Dog Intravenous LDLo 5,120 mg/kg Cat Intravenous LDLo 1,963 mg/kg Rabbit Eye Irritation 16 mg Rabbit Oral LDLo 5,000 mg/kg Rabbit Skin LDso 13 g/kg Rabbit Intravenous LDLo 8,230 mg/kg a Data from NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, 1982 -63 .
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From page 64... ...
1983. TLVs(R : Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in the Work Environment with Intended Changes for 1983-1984, Ohio: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
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From page 65... ...
1971. Recommendation for permissible concentrations, etc.
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1966. Geruchsechwellen van Losemitteln zur Bewertung van Lbsemittelgeruchen in der Luft.
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1969. Allergic contact dermatitis to alcohol swabs.
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From page 68... ...
1968. Allergic contact dermatitis from isopropyl alcohol.
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