Enhancing Human Performance Background Papers, Issues of Theory and Methodology (1988) / Chapter Skim
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4 Suggestions for Future Research
4 Suggestions for Future Research
Pages 57-65
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From page 57... ...
. Suggestions for Future Research Expectancy Control Designs Throughout this paper, we have offered our opinion on the extent to which interpersonal expectancy effects may be responsible for the results of studies on various human performance technologies.
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From page 58... ...
Analogous expectancy control designs could easily be used in research on the human performance technologies described in this paper. For example, experiments in the area of neurolinguistic programming on predicate matching could easily adopt an expectancy control design.
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From page 59... ...
This design, however , would not be able to address expectancy effects taking place during the actual SALT training, yet that is when expectancy ef fects are probably most prevalent. Contra 1 s f or Expe c fancy E f f ects The expectancy control design is the only way researchers can assess the extent to which expectancy effects are occurring in their studies.
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From page 60... ...
Second, it helps to maintain blind contact between experimenters and subjects; experimenters will be less likely to figure out what treatment a given subject is in if they do not interact with many subjects. Third' it decreases the learning of influence techniques; if an experimenter learns on an unconscious level, over time, how best to influence the ~ubject's behavior, then expectancy effects will be minimized if the experimenter sees fewer subjects.
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From page 61... ...
However, the strategy of minimizing contact with the subject may be difficult to employ in some of the human performance technologies that rely heavily on interpersonal interaction, such as SALT and NLP. But even in the case of SALT, it would be possible to prepare videotapes of lessons, and analogous tapes could be similarly prepared for NLP studies.
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From page 62... ...
Moreover, many of them are rooted in basic principles of good experimental design. In our brief review of the literature on these human performance technologies, we felt it unfortunate that many of the studies overlooked these basic design principles and consequently made sound causal inference virtually impossible.
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From page 63... ...
Administrators of human performance programs would do well to pay explicit attention to the issues of personal style and how well a person communicates enthusiasm and positive expectations when selecting personnel for running their programs. A second approach to incorporating positive expectations in human performance technologies involves the direct training of personnel.
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From page 64... ...
showed that teachers who received the TESA training exhibited significant increases in positive behaviors and decreases in negative behaviors toward low achieving students. Programs analogous to the TESA workshops could easily be developed for application to the human performance technologies of interest.
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From page 65... ...
The decision of whether to pursue these programs depends in part on the cost of the program compared to the cost of us ing a program specifically designed to enhance expectations. It also depends on how well the expectancy effects generalize from the laboratory to applied contexts, a question that needs to be addressed empirically.
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