Socioeconomic Determinants of Fertility Behavior in Developing Nations Theory and Initial Results (1982) / Chapter Skim
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1.3 The Structual Equations
1.3 The Structual Equations
Pages 16-31
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From page 16... ...
It is doubtful that adding either desired family size or cost factors would much improve the predictive power of the model. If appropriate and reliable indicators were available, we would place these variables in the causal structure so that they mediated the influence of socioeconomic variables on later fertility and contraceptive use.
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From page 18... ...
The onset model contains a second endogenous variable: respondent work experience prior to marriage (WBM) e The focus here is on whether respondents work away from home in a nonfamily enterprise in order to measure participation in the modern sector and exposure to modern norms and ideas.
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From page 19... ...
Moreover, in transitional settings, this variability in childhood residence is likely to reflect differential experiences In educational quality, exposure to relatively industrialized labor markets, and, in general, degree of exposure to relatively wealthier life styles. These and other points will be raised below in the discussion of the potential effects of childhood residence on AFB and WBM.
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From page 20... ...
ECM denotes child deaths before respondents reach age 30. Finally, the sufficiency of sons and daughters when respondents reach age 30 may influence subsequent reproductive decisions, especially in cultures with strong son preference.
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From page 21... ...
are based mainly on exposure. The number of years between onset and age 30 limits births and child deaths t leading to the hypothesized negative relationships between AFB and both EF and ECM (83 3, 03,4 < 0)
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From page 22... ...
The relative clarity of this causal ordering between Blocks III and IV is in fact one of the assets of the processual approach we have adopted. The usual strategy of analyzing cumulative fertility and child mortality would require a simultaneous specification for RES, WSM, HED, and HOCC and the variables of Block IV.
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From page 23... ...
Women who grow up in urban areas, who have more than average education, and who work in the modern sector before marriage are likely to find similarly situated husbands, to work after marriage, and to live in an urban area. Except for the inapplicability of modern employment in traditional settings, these expectations hold regardless of context.
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From page 24... ...
. This refers to child deaths occurring between the 30th birthday and the survey date, although the children could have been born before respondents reached age 30.
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From page 25... ...
We include SCB and SCO so that this hypothesis can be examined; their hypothesized effects are culture specifics m e rationale for the second category of expected effects involves health conditions. Residence, education, work experience, and occupation influence exposure to disease, health-related behavior, and access to professional care.
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From page 26... ...
It is meaningful to treat early child mortality as predetermined with respect to contraceptive use in the data to be used for our empirical studies. There is no one best way to operationalize contraceptive use in the WFS data.
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From page 27... ...
m us expectations about the effects of the predetermined variables on LCU apply only to transitional settings. m e following equation summarizes relationships involving the contraceptive use patterns depicted in Figure 1.2: (1.15)
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From page 28... ...
Moreover, socioeconomic characteristics define reference groups and role models: educated urban dwellers in modern occupations are more likely than their traditional counterparts to have friends, neighbors, and peers who practice effective contraception. m ese expectations are summarized in the hypothesis that contraceptive use patterns vary positively with socioeconomic status (01,15, 62,15, 84,15' 69,15' 610,15' 611,15, 612,15 > 0)
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From page 29... ...
In addition, since contraceptive practice has increased over time in many WFS countries (Johnson-Aceadi and Weinberger, 1982) , respondents with low recent exposure are less likely to be users of efficient means of contraception.
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From page 30... ...
Indeed, hypotheses about the impact of selfreported fecundability and adjustment variables are the only ones invariant across context. We assume that in traditional settings, early and later fertility are equally unregulated.
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From page 31... ...
This micro model is not the total model, which would also incorporate macro variables to explain coefficient variability across settings. We intend to continue the theoretical development of the model begun in this paper elsewhere.
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