Human Factors in Automated and Robotic Space Systems Proceedings of a Symposium (1987) / Chapter Skim
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Keynote Address: Human Factors Research for the NASA Space Station
Keynote Address: Human Factors Research for the NASA Space Station
Pages 17-28
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From page 17... ...
But, such far-future projects are emblematic of entire technological futures. Thus, behind the space station is to be seen an entire spectrum of future space systems, replete with auto meted and robotic devices, while also being a habitat for humans.
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From page 18... ...
It is not enough to have an effect, it must be the right kind of effect at the right place and time. Furthermore, the effect depends not only on NASA decisions about its research program, but also on the quality of the research that is thereby enabled, and whether its results transfer into the operational space station -- a notoriously tenuous= conjunctive chain.
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From page 19... ...
However', my actual objective is to induce a sense that much can change in the space station before it takes its place in the sky and, indeed, after it does. If we are to consider' launching research in 1987 and expect it to have cgerational impact, then the time scale of that operational world must be sufficiently long and its character sufficiently malleable.
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From page 20... ...
And to those concerned with the man-machine ~ m On the modern fighter plane, where the focus is on action_ 'n the subsecond range, the station will appear downright leisurely. That the space station occupies a middle range in the total timescale of human action is a significant simplification -- a we will discover when we have to plan permanent space or lunar stations.
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From page 21... ...
Parer handling Ch~ut Mechanical ac~tion Data harrying and ~ = nication Monitoring/control Computation, decision and planning Fault diagnosis and handling Sensing .] see 1 see ~ see 10 sec 100 see 103 see 1 min see sec 1 hour 1 day month
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From page 22... ...
Although the real measure is ~ the iotas range of useful tasks they can accomplish with acceptable reliability, an appropriate indicator is be l~h of time machines can go without interaction with humans. WiJch this increased she cams inevitably the parables of who shed do a Cask, the human or the machine.
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From page 23... ...
As machines increase in capability, interfacing to them becomes a complex balk ~ its own right and requires substantial knowledge about what is required to communicate knowledge back and forth languages, protocols, communication over intermediate links, the status and location of the communicants, and on into the night. The solution is to have special agents that have this knowledge or know how to acquire it, ~ short, intelligent interface agents.
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From page 24... ...
that Will permit the human ~ _ _~__ station to proceed with ___ _ , _ ~ Only if a research pro gram advances the theoretical state of Uhe art, including Therein systematic organizations of data that permit answering a multitude of questions, will it-serve NEST in the decades it takes to achieve the space station. ME INS~O~L CON~r Thus far, like a good cobbler, I have stuck to my last, discussing the substantive issues.
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From page 25... ...
The issue for MESA then is whether it will rise above the immediate applied questions of human factors to which the safety and productivity of the astronauts we 1 force attendance in any event to the faith that major gains for the space station can be attained f ~ u supporting heroic long-term research. Each of us has cur own stories of where such long range research by an institution has made immense differences to the downstream operation of that institution.
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From page 26... ...
disciplines. Focus narrowly on the human-science issue= concern mg the space station, and ignore totally the half-hundred natural-science and engineering disciplines concerned with the physical structures in the space effort.
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From page 27... ...
But the NOSE situation provides a larger cpporbunity, or at least it does if MESA chooses to mate that opportunity available. The space station provides a unique focus for the development of the science of how humans interact in a technology-saturated environment.
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