Human Factors in Automated and Robotic Space Systems Proceedings of a Symposium (1987) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
The Roles of Humans and Machines in Space
The Roles of Humans and Machines in Space
Pages 405-417
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From page 405... ...
Until the arrival of the chute, Inner and unmanned operations occupied different sections of NASA Headquarters, involved differed grow of NOVA field centers, awl were generally viewer} an citing for Be 1;mi~ furls available. There were (and still are)
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From page 406... ...
me arms form a Anus manipulative system, arm the legs similarly perform location tasks. He torso Is Aces ~ of the short functions, as well as Firm all of the other systems together ~ a self~contain~ unit.
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From page 407... ...
A second selection was "fly-¢y~ire", which Be as~r~aut cauld Smears abide maneuvers by w=- of a sid~stick owner, which wed then be performed by the ace contra system. me final ~de, however, was purely marshal, as the atonal actuate push-pull nods Dish Mechanically capered and cl thrower valves.
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From page 408... ...
Similarly, ye Soviet Uhi~ performed lunar e~lorati~ with Canard vehicles. Hover, the quantity of staples retard differed Rae Apollo by 3-4 orders of magnitude; since t^he samples wed selects rarxianly frown the immediate location of the landing vehicle, it may be assumed that the quality of samples varied widely form Apollo as wEl1.
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From page 409... ...
In all of these, the Skylab crews played an essential role in the sucks of the mission. since Skylab was constructed of surplus Apollo components, there was little significant difference between the two programs in the automation levels of the vehicle system themselves.
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From page 410... ...
Even without recycling, then, Disables are not a pacing icon for a space station if the crew sizes are key ~1. Hose figures also do not talce into at: such Operational factors as air lop, inefficiencies ~ recycling, or food carried for reasons Mayors base~le~rel nutrition, and therefore the actual figurer play for consoles ~ apace stations will be higher than these academic = .
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From page 411... ...
Evidence indicates that the work pace established in Skylab wand be difficult to maintain cover indefinite periods on a Apace station: therefore, planners ~st either accept icier than Donna guy circles on experiments ark other axtput~rien~ activities, or plan ways of au ~ mating ~ e house ~ ping fur ~ ions deco bring these back ~ line (frump a perspective of limed with comparable activities associated with living an earth. One of the origins of the increased housekeeping times is the necessity of adapting to acetone living in the weightless environment.
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From page 412... ...
However, nothing is known of the effects of partial gravity on bone decalcification or other microgravity effects; this is cleanly an important reseat issue to be Ames by a space static. Short of this information, He logical approach is probably that being considered: ~ not provide artificial gravity, arm route the crews at intervals ~ n to be safe, such as three conchs.
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From page 413... ...
Act on prejl~;r== from limited prior experience, a priori arguments, and large, costly system ant yses which have no meaningful underlying data base. Certainly, the path of following East experience will probably result in an operable space station.
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From page 414... ...
However, serious accidents have already oocurreS in airline ~rice, due to a flight crew which Is neither fully aware of the intricacies of the flight control Tyson, nor highly practiced In marshal control of the aircraft. It so cI-=r that, Short of removing the flight Tic crew and automating airliners;, too Ah automation brad amen onfid=mce and inatt==tiv=~ess In the cockpit; the same ~~l probably be found in E\pace flight.
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From page 415... ...
his will be tale ~ larger measure as the field Awards to income a wider Garde of human arm rcibc~ic activities. An Assent of Art tr;— Almost all of Off designs currently pry for telercitx)
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From page 416... ...
Are evolution of robotic syrups he been orders of magnitude Ore rapid than Mat of biologic=] so; Mere ~ no reason to assume that this new evolution will stop Art of full human capacities, parti—Yearly if asu~ against the Array Ignited capabilities of humans ~ space.
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From page 417... ...
NAG Science art T0hnoloqY Advisory Committee for ~ Space Flight, NOVA S - 196. Pitts, J
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