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From page 205... ... Index Acceleration strategies in transition periods, 6, 173- 174 Adopt-a-school program, 122 Age of dislocated workers, 102 and mobility of workers, 15 and older people in Sunbelt areas, 35 and unemployment of youth, 121 Airports in diversified service centers, 45 in functional centers, 56 Autonomy of command and control centers, 55, 162 of national and regional centers, 4849 of urban areas, 161-162 Baltimore, public-private cooperation in, 163 Bankers) infrastructure, 7, 89-90, 173, 178 urban development, 7, 83-84 Banking services in national centers, 45-46 in regional centers, 46-47 Blacks females in work force, 27, 30 in public employment, 140 Blue-collar workers in functional centers, 51 shifts to white-collar employment, 5, 22-30, 33 Bonds for financing infrastructure, 86 interest rates affecting, 90 tax exemption for, 88 as leverage capital, 93 Canada fiscal equalization grants in, 149 job bank system in, 113-116 market-oriented, 115 worker choice in, 114- 115 Capital allocation of, 6, 61 formation and flow of, 60-61 from nonprofit organizations, 10, 164-165 investments for development, 6-7, 72-96 place-oriented policies in, 4, 7, 80-86 205 Read the entire page →
From page 206... ... types of employment in, 25 (Table) Communities activities geared to local labor force, 138-139, 179 centers for training disadvantaged workers, 3 fiscal capacity of, 145-148 interests in conflict with national interests, 62-63 preserving integrity of, 136-140 revitalization of areas in, 169-174, 175 multiplier effect of, 139 role in redundancy planning, 126128 Index value recognized in public policy, 138-140 Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Read the entire page →
From page 207... ... of public employment, 142, 143 of redundancy planning, 128 of relocation of workers, 115, 116, 117 (Table) of training programs, 129 Dallas development strategy in, 69 public-private cooperation in, 163 Decentralization of economic activities, 13-14, 175 and concentrations of headquarters functions, 14, 16 Decline of industries obsolescence in, 34-35 redundant labor problem in, 101-104 ripple effect of, 67 Demography and urban change, 14-16 Denver, public-private cooperation in, 163-164 Design as tool in urban development, 94-95, 180 Detroit, development strategy in, 69 Development, 59 and avoidance of ineffective incen tives, 93-94 design concept in, 94-95, 180 infrastructure system in, 86-93 joint projects in, 92-93 land management in, 92-93 leverage capital for, 82-86, 91 and linkage between mainstream and those left behind, 64-66 Diversity long-term strategy in, 68-70 multiplier effect of, 85 national policy for, 60 national and regional interests in, 60 64 public facilities affecting, 91-92 207 regulatory process in, 94 and reuse of old buildings, 95 and revitalization programs, 139, 169, 174-175 as source of opportunities, 63 transitional strategy in, 66-68 and urban development banks, 7, 8384 Disadvantaged population community-based centers for training of, 3 concentrations in cities, 15- 16 educational needs of, 2, 121, 123124, 176 higher education for, 130-131 minorities in (see Minorities) Read the entire page →
From page 208... ... Index Financial services in national centers, 45-46 in regional centers, 46-47 Fiscal disparities city-suburban, 147 interstate, 146, 147 intrastate, 146-147 Fiscal equalization, 2-3, 9, 145-150, 175, 178 in Canada and West Germany, 149150 cost-effective approach to, 148- 149 importance of, 63 for state and local services, 62 state power in, 147 Food products firms, in regional centers, 47 Frostbelt region population changes in, 34-36 urban growth in, 107 Functional centers, 41-42 (Table) , 4952 blue-collar workers in, 51 manufacturing industries in, 55 nonprofit sector in, 51-52 production and nonproduction activities in, 50-51 Geographic regions, growth and decline in, 34-37 and economic performance of cities, 36, 37 (Table) Read the entire page →
From page 209... ... , Information system, 7, 153-158, 177 council of advisors in, 155-156 federal support for, 156-157 inventory of assets and potential in, 154-155 national network in, 10, 116-117, 156, 158, 174 objectives of, 153 quality of data in, 156-157 urban indicators in, 157 value of. 3 154 in joint development projects, 92 maintenance by public employment, 143 national bank for, 7, 89-90, 173 national interest in, 62, 174 national system of, 86-91 priorities for expenditures in, 88, 89, 90-91 public capital investments in, 7 statewide banlcs for, 178 Institutional factors affecting urban areas, 57 Insurance industry employment rate in, 99 (Table) Read the entire page →
From page 210... ... diversity in, importance of, 36 dual labor market, 27, 106, 119 education and training of (see Education) information system for, 7, 153-158, 177 investment strategies for, 7-8, 118133 in preparation for work, 121-126 local approach to, 106- 109 low-skilled jobs for, 9 in manufacturing, 32 migration and relocation of, 7, 82, 102 assistance by Canadian job bank, 113-116 corporate policy affecting, 108 costs of, 115, 116, 117 factors affecting, 107- 109 and intermarket job information, 112-113 national job information system for, 10, 116-117, 156, 158, 174 out-migration and in-migration rates, 108 resistance to, 9, 102, 110- 111, 112, 136 ripple effect of, 127 mismatches in demand and supply of, 64 mobility strategies for, 2, 111- 118, 174 and access to intermediate-level jobs, 30 Index age affecting, 15 national approach to, 105-106 occupational classes in (see Occupational classes) Read the entire page →
From page 211... ... , 16-22,33 factors affecting growth in, 34 in functional centers, 50 imports affecting employment in, 33 180 obolescence affecting, 34-35 and overseas production of goods, 33, 120 part-time employment in, 28 (Table) projected distribution in year 2000, 13 (Table) Read the entire page →
From page 212... ... Plaee-oriented policies for capital investment, 4, 7, 80-86 criticism of, 81 leverage capital in, 82-86 Policy framework, 172-174 capital investments in, 6-7 flexibility for specific circumstances. 3, 6 information systems in, 7, -10, 153158 labor force quality in, 7-8, 97-133 and levels of government intervention, 3-4 public-private cooperation in, 10, 158-164 and relationship of urban, sectoral and national policies, 4-5 and responsibility for actions, 3 stabilization strategy in, 2-3, 8-9 Political regimes, consensus with leadership groups, 68 Population changes in cities, 13, 14-16 regional redistribution of, 34-37 Primary industries, 17 Private sector capital flight from cities, 63 cooperation with public groups, 10, 158-164, 179 headquarters of (see Corporate headquarters) Read the entire page →
From page 213... ... Revitalization of areas, 174- 175 local concerns in, 169 multiplier effect of, 139 Secondary industries, 17 Sectoral policy for capital investments, 6, 72-80, 174 advocates of, 74 213 critics of, 74-75, 78 implications for urban areas, 78-80 shift of capital and workers in, 76 strategy for, 75-78 Selby Bindery experience, 138-139 Service industries classification of, 16-19 standard industrial codes (SIC) , 17, 18 value of, 18 employment rate in, 99 (Table) Read the entire page →
From page 214... ... , 43 (Table) , 54-55 Subsidies impact of, 72-73 ineffectiveness of, 80 local interest in, 62 Sunbelt areas growth in, 107 population changes in, 34-36 Tax credits for employee training, 125 problems with, 86 Technical jobs in service industries, 2426 Technology, impact of, 23-24, 26-27 Tertiary industries, 17 Training programs (see Education) Read the entire page →
From page 215... ... Venture capital, 77 from nonprofit organizations, 10 Vocational education programs, 125 Vouchers, educational, 123-126 Waste disposal facilities, financing of, 86 Welfare costs, national assumption of, 118, 148 West Germany, fiscal equalization grants in, 149 Wholesale industries, types of employment in, 25 (Table) Women in labor force in part-time jobs, 27, 30 in Sunbelt states, 35 Work-study programs for high school students, 122 Read the entire page →

From page 205...

... Index Acceleration strategies in transition periods, 6, 173- 174 Adopt-a-school program, 122 Age of dislocated workers, 102 and mobility of workers, 15 and older people in Sunbelt areas, 35 and unemployment of youth, 121 Airports in diversified service centers, 45 in functional centers, 56 Autonomy of command and control centers, 55, 162 of national and regional centers, 4849 of urban areas, 161-162 Baltimore, public-private cooperation in, 163 Bankers) infrastructure, 7, 89-90, 173, 178 urban development, 7, 83-84 Banking services in national centers, 45-46 in regional centers, 46-47 Blacks females in work force, 27, 30 in public employment, 140 Blue-collar workers in functional centers, 51 shifts to white-collar employment, 5, 22-30, 33 Bonds for financing infrastructure, 86 interest rates affecting, 90 tax exemption for, 88 as leverage capital, 93 Canada fiscal equalization grants in, 149 job bank system in, 113-116 market-oriented, 115 worker choice in, 114- 115 Capital allocation of, 6, 61 formation and flow of, 60-61 from nonprofit organizations, 10, 164-165 investments for development, 6-7, 72-96 place-oriented policies in, 4, 7, 80-86 205

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From page 206...

... types of employment in, 25 (Table) Communities activities geared to local labor force, 138-139, 179 centers for training disadvantaged workers, 3 fiscal capacity of, 145-148 interests in conflict with national interests, 62-63 preserving integrity of, 136-140 revitalization of areas in, 169-174, 175 multiplier effect of, 139 role in redundancy planning, 126128 Index value recognized in public policy, 138-140 Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)

Read the entire page →

From page 207...

... of public employment, 142, 143 of redundancy planning, 128 of relocation of workers, 115, 116, 117 (Table) of training programs, 129 Dallas development strategy in, 69 public-private cooperation in, 163 Decentralization of economic activities, 13-14, 175 and concentrations of headquarters functions, 14, 16 Decline of industries obsolescence in, 34-35 redundant labor problem in, 101-104 ripple effect of, 67 Demography and urban change, 14-16 Denver, public-private cooperation in, 163-164 Design as tool in urban development, 94-95, 180 Detroit, development strategy in, 69 Development, 59 and avoidance of ineffective incen tives, 93-94 design concept in, 94-95, 180 infrastructure system in, 86-93 joint projects in, 92-93 land management in, 92-93 leverage capital for, 82-86, 91 and linkage between mainstream and those left behind, 64-66 Diversity long-term strategy in, 68-70 multiplier effect of, 85 national policy for, 60 national and regional interests in, 60 64 public facilities affecting, 91-92 207 regulatory process in, 94 and reuse of old buildings, 95 and revitalization programs, 139, 169, 174-175 as source of opportunities, 63 transitional strategy in, 66-68 and urban development banks, 7, 8384 Disadvantaged population community-based centers for training of, 3 concentrations in cities, 15- 16 educational needs of, 2, 121, 123124, 176 higher education for, 130-131 minorities in (see Minorities)

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From page 208...

... Index Financial services in national centers, 45-46 in regional centers, 46-47 Fiscal disparities city-suburban, 147 interstate, 146, 147 intrastate, 146-147 Fiscal equalization, 2-3, 9, 145-150, 175, 178 in Canada and West Germany, 149150 cost-effective approach to, 148- 149 importance of, 63 for state and local services, 62 state power in, 147 Food products firms, in regional centers, 47 Frostbelt region population changes in, 34-36 urban growth in, 107 Functional centers, 41-42 (Table) , 4952 blue-collar workers in, 51 manufacturing industries in, 55 nonprofit sector in, 51-52 production and nonproduction activities in, 50-51 Geographic regions, growth and decline in, 34-37 and economic performance of cities, 36, 37 (Table)

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From page 209...

... , Information system, 7, 153-158, 177 council of advisors in, 155-156 federal support for, 156-157 inventory of assets and potential in, 154-155 national network in, 10, 116-117, 156, 158, 174 objectives of, 153 quality of data in, 156-157 urban indicators in, 157 value of. 3 154 in joint development projects, 92 maintenance by public employment, 143 national bank for, 7, 89-90, 173 national interest in, 62, 174 national system of, 86-91 priorities for expenditures in, 88, 89, 90-91 public capital investments in, 7 statewide banlcs for, 178 Institutional factors affecting urban areas, 57 Insurance industry employment rate in, 99 (Table)

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From page 210...

... diversity in, importance of, 36 dual labor market, 27, 106, 119 education and training of (see Education) information system for, 7, 153-158, 177 investment strategies for, 7-8, 118133 in preparation for work, 121-126 local approach to, 106- 109 low-skilled jobs for, 9 in manufacturing, 32 migration and relocation of, 7, 82, 102 assistance by Canadian job bank, 113-116 corporate policy affecting, 108 costs of, 115, 116, 117 factors affecting, 107- 109 and intermarket job information, 112-113 national job information system for, 10, 116-117, 156, 158, 174 out-migration and in-migration rates, 108 resistance to, 9, 102, 110- 111, 112, 136 ripple effect of, 127 mismatches in demand and supply of, 64 mobility strategies for, 2, 111- 118, 174 and access to intermediate-level jobs, 30 Index age affecting, 15 national approach to, 105-106 occupational classes in (see Occupational classes)

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From page 211...

... , 16-22,33 factors affecting growth in, 34 in functional centers, 50 imports affecting employment in, 33 180 obolescence affecting, 34-35 and overseas production of goods, 33, 120 part-time employment in, 28 (Table) projected distribution in year 2000, 13 (Table)

Read the entire page →

From page 212...

... Plaee-oriented policies for capital investment, 4, 7, 80-86 criticism of, 81 leverage capital in, 82-86 Policy framework, 172-174 capital investments in, 6-7 flexibility for specific circumstances. 3, 6 information systems in, 7, -10, 153158 labor force quality in, 7-8, 97-133 and levels of government intervention, 3-4 public-private cooperation in, 10, 158-164 and relationship of urban, sectoral and national policies, 4-5 and responsibility for actions, 3 stabilization strategy in, 2-3, 8-9 Political regimes, consensus with leadership groups, 68 Population changes in cities, 13, 14-16 regional redistribution of, 34-37 Primary industries, 17 Private sector capital flight from cities, 63 cooperation with public groups, 10, 158-164, 179 headquarters of (see Corporate headquarters)

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From page 213...

... Revitalization of areas, 174- 175 local concerns in, 169 multiplier effect of, 139 Secondary industries, 17 Sectoral policy for capital investments, 6, 72-80, 174 advocates of, 74 213 critics of, 74-75, 78 implications for urban areas, 78-80 shift of capital and workers in, 76 strategy for, 75-78 Selby Bindery experience, 138-139 Service industries classification of, 16-19 standard industrial codes (SIC) , 17, 18 value of, 18 employment rate in, 99 (Table)

Read the entire page →

From page 214...

... , 43 (Table) , 54-55 Subsidies impact of, 72-73 ineffectiveness of, 80 local interest in, 62 Sunbelt areas growth in, 107 population changes in, 34-36 Tax credits for employee training, 125 problems with, 86 Technical jobs in service industries, 2426 Technology, impact of, 23-24, 26-27 Tertiary industries, 17 Training programs (see Education)

Read the entire page →

From page 215...

... Venture capital, 77 from nonprofit organizations, 10 Vocational education programs, 125 Vouchers, educational, 123-126 Waste disposal facilities, financing of, 86 Welfare costs, national assumption of, 118, 148 West Germany, fiscal equalization grants in, 149 Wholesale industries, types of employment in, 25 (Table) Women in labor force in part-time jobs, 27, 30 in Sunbelt states, 35 Work-study programs for high school students, 122

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Index Pages 205-216

Index
Pages 205-216