Epidemiology and Air Pollution (1985) / Chapter Skim
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6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Pages 191-200
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From page 191... ...
The Committee finds that current air pollution can cause acute and perhaps chronic health effects, particularly respiratory effects, in the population of the United States. Respiratory disease is a major cause of work loss and disability.
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From page 192... ...
The Committee concludes that epidemiology, if it addresses this question and others mentioned above, can make a unique contribution to the prevention of illness related to air pollution. In view of the above conclusions, the Committee offers the following major recommendation: The Environmental Protection Agency should develop a long-term plan for research on air pollution; and population-based studies, in the form of a program in epidemiology, should be an integral part of that plan.
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From page 193... ...
A productive epidemiologic research program must have a dual character with respect to sensitivity to outside forces. Part of the program must be dedicated to responding to rapidly changing conditions that offer important opportunities for.
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From page 194... ...
Modification in the routinely collected air sampling data alone might be appropriate, to facilitate use of these data in some types of epidemiologic studies. THE FOCUS FOR RESEARCH For the immediate future, the epidemiologic research program should focus on the following exposures and effects of concern: • Persistent air pollution problems, including the health effects of acid sulfate particles, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, lead, and radon.
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From page 195... ...
These changes will result in increased exposures to volatile and particulate organic compounds, radon, carbon monoxide, and other potentially hazardous materials. Indoor air pollution can be a major factor -- in some instances the principal factor -- in determining total personal exposure (averaged and acute)
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From page 196... ...
Detailed characterization can help to determine the air pollution components most closely associated with health outcomes, potential confounders, and the relative contributions of various sources. The most readily observed health effects of air pollution are in the respiratory system.
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From page 197... ...
Susceptibility to the effects of air pollution varies widely; studies that focus on sensitive subgroups, necessary in themselves, are an important part of strategies to detect and measure the effects of air pollution in the general population. The sensitive-subgroup approach to increasing the effectiveness of air pollution epidemiology must be furthered by broad-based efforts (toxicology, clinical research, and epidemiology)
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From page 198... ...
Depending on the design of a given study, only a sample of the study population might require such detailed monitoring; various strategies need to be explored and their performance documented. Markers of physiologic, biochemical, and cellular morphologic changes will be increasingly important in air pollution studies.
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From page 199... ...
Development of biochemical markers for epidemiologic studies requires particular attention to constraints imposed by the need to study large groups of relatively healthy people.
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