Biographical Memoirs Volume 56 (1987) / Chapter Skim
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Sterling Brown Hendricks
Sterling Brown Hendricks
Pages 180-213
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From page 181... ...
B Hendricks Company, to the Confederate Army uncler the commancI of Colonel Sterling Brown Hendricks, Sterling's grandfather.
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There was no high school in Elysian Fields (only a one-room school house) , so Sterling lived with an aunt in Shreveport, Louisiana, during his high school years.
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the determination of the crystal structures of several cupric chloride dihydrates. He also worked jointly with Maurier L
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In terms of human welfare, one could make a strong case that Hendricks' most important research was in collaboration with soil scientists toward determining the structure of soil constituents. In 1930 Hendricks and Fry published the results of their research on soil colloids.
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His elucidation of the structure of layered minerals and his demonstrations of the dependence of clay mineral properties upon structural considerations have been outstanding. Not only has he provided specific data on the kaolin minerals and, with Ross, on the complex montmorillionite group, but he has at the same time developed fundamentals of broad application, as for example in his studies of the polymorphism of the micas and of the nature of the water layer, and in the determination of minerals with disordered structure and of minerals with random layer sequences.
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From page 186... ...
Sterling's scientific career took an abrupt change in direction in the early 1940s. A brief history of this period and the subsequent developments is appropriate since it was in these new areas of plant physiology and photobiology that his most ,_ .
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Within a year they had an action spectrum for the floral inhibition of a short-clay plant, soybean, which showed a pronounced sensitivity to red light. Action spectra were then measured on a number of clifferent plants ant]
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It was concluded that the same pigment was involved in all of these responses. The experiments on seed germination were to provide key observations for elucidating the unusual photochemical properties of the pigment.
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The physiological responses of seed germination and internocle elongation of etiolatecl bean plants were titrated from both extremes of the reversible photoreaction, using rect and far-rect light. After making allowances for the light-scattering properties of the biological tissue and the quantum efficiencies of the photoreactions, Hendricks calculated from the absolute energies required to achieve given degrees of re sponse ant!
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From page 190... ...
It was even proposed, on the basis of the low intracellular concentrations, that the pigment was an enzyme, and therefore a protein, and that Pi R was the active form of the enzyme. In addition to the photochemical properties, the physiological studies indicated that there was a slow dark transformation of P
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From page 191... ...
tissue was precisely what the action spectra predicted, and the effects of light were fully reversible. Furthermore, the photoreversible nature of the pigment persisted in cell-free extracts of the plant tissue.
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In studies of leaf movement, Hendricks and Borthwick made the seminal discovery that control was exerted at the level of membranes. After his formal retirement from the USDA in 1970, he continuccI studies of seed germination anct the nature of dormancy with great vigor in collaboration with R
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Over the years he lecturect to scientific organizations and to university groups on the structure of matter, electron diffraction from gases, the nature of bone, hydrogen bonding in organic compounds, base exchange in soils, photosynthesis, plant nutrition, radioisotopes in agriculture and, of course, many aspects of photomorphogenesis in plants. Something of that breadth and depth was incticated by his election to the National Academy of Sciences.
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BohIen. Hendricks' citation react: "His discoveries in soil clays, phosphate minerals, radioisotopes, plant physiology and fundamental chemistry macle him one of the most distinguishes!
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These excursions sea not always go smoothly. In 1957 Sterling and a group of mountain climbers from the Washington, D.C., area planned an extensive expedition into the mountains of Western Canaaa just prior to the annual meeting of the Plant Physiologists, which was being held at Stanford University that year.
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Sterling married Edith Ochiltree of Philadelphia in 1931. They were visiting their daughter, Martha O'Neill, ant!
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Soil Sci., 29:457-79. The crystal structure of primary amyl ammonium chloride.
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The crystal structures of some natural and synthetic apatite-like substances.
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The crystal structure of CaSO4:CO(NH242.
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Crystal structure of polonium by electron diffraction.
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Chem., 123:641-54. On the crystal structure of the clay minerals: Dickite, halloysite and hydrated halloysite.
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Ross. Clay minerals of the montmorillonite group; their mineral and chemical relationships, and the factors controlling base exchange.
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Action spectrum for the photoperiodic control of floral initiation of shortday plants.
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Action spectrum for the photoperiodic control of floral initiation of the long-day plant, Hyoscyamus niger.
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A reversible photoreaction controlling seed germination.
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The action spectrum for photosynthetic phosphorylation by spinach chloroplasts. Plant Physiol., 33:72-73.
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III. Control of seed germination and axis elongation.
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A reversible photoreaction regulating plant growth.
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Purification and properties of phytochrome: A chromoprotein regulating plant growth.
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Opposing actions of light in seed germination of Poa pretensis and Amaranthus arenicola. Plant Physiol., 43:2023-28.
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Interactions of light and a temperature shift on seed germination. Plant Physiol., 49:127-30.
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Reversal by pressure of seed germination promoted by anesthetics. Planta, 149: 108-11.
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