Biographical Memoirs Volume 56 (1987) / Chapter Skim
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Esmond R. Long
Esmond R. Long
Pages 284-311
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From page 285... ...
In 1906, after completing his secondary eclucation at the University of Chicago's Morgan Park Academy, Esmonct Long took a year of private instruction in chemistry from his father and his associates. In 191 ~ he received his A.B.
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From page 286... ...
The extensive span of time between degrees was clue largely to a prolonged bout with pulmonary tuberculosis whose onset came in 19 ~ 3, when Long was in his second year as a medical student. He coughed up several mouthfuls of blooct while playing tennis, anct that evening he went back to the laboratory, stained his sputum, anct found it full of tubercle bacilli.
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From page 287... ...
Baldwin, director of the Saranac Laboratory at the renowned tuberculosis center in Saranac Lake, New York, and one of Ec~ward Livingston Trudeau's noteworthy successors. When Long was presented with the GoIct-Heacled Cane of the American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists in March 1971, he reflected on the time he tract spent with Baldwin: I had made some preliminary studies, quite independently in a tiny laboratory I constructed in Seattle during my Western migration for the cure, learning the chemical requirements of cultures of a number of bacteria on chemically defined synthetic media.
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From page 288... ...
his thesis work on purine metabolism. Long had initially come under WelIs's teaching in ~ 9 ~ I, when Julius Stieglitz recommender!
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From page 289... ...
night autopsies, conducted at funeral homes as well as at hospitals, and it was this rigorous schedule that gave Long his basic experience in postmortem dissection and microscopic pathology. During this same clemanding period, he continuccl his own laboratory research as well as his scholarship in mectical history.
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From page 290... ...
Long resumed his interrupter! Chicago research in 1923, focusing his studies on investigations into the nature of the active principle of tuberculin and on the varying inflammatory reactions to tuberculin in both normal anct tuberculous 3 Ibid.
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From page 291... ...
the tuberculin standardization methods then current, noting that in each the disadvantages far outs weighed the advantages. Methods basect on the lethal close of tuberculin for tuberculous guinea pigs were too gross anci, 5"Standardization of Tuberculin," Journal of Infectious Diseases, 37(1925)
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From page 292... ...
Long found this method also uncertain, not only because of the great variability in the skin reactivity of tuberculous guinea pigs, but also because in weak concentrations the traumatic reaction could not be distinguished from the specific reaction. Two other approaches, the complement-fixation and precipitin methods, each furnished a unit whereby doses of tuberculin could be measured, but both also shared the serious drawback of complete dissociation between the standardizing test and the use to which the tuberculin was put.
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From page 293... ...
Florence Seibert, who worked with him as a chemical assistant. Their col laboration ultimately showed the active principle to be protein in nature.
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From page 294... ...
1 7 A great deal of the research being done at the Phipps Institute involved environmental factors and racial ctifferences in tuberculosis, the experimental pathology of the disease, and approaches to detection, prevention, and control. To this demographic base Long added his own knowledge of the metabolic and anatomic changes occurring in tuberculosis, thereby achieving a synthesis of the n~tholo~v of the ..
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From page 295... ...
From 1932 to 194S, Long served as a member of the Advisory Medical Board of the Leonard Wood Memorial of the American Leprosy Foundation. His responsibilities cluring part of this time involvecI directing experiments on the separation of leprosy bacilli from infected tissues.
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From page 296... ...
contributed decidedly to the fact that there exists today a Forschungsinstitute Borstel. With his spirit, combining humanity, loyalty, objectivity, and personal courage, he conquered all difficulties arising during this particular time and led the planning negotiations with the occupation to a positive conclusion.
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From page 297... ...
He completecI histories of a number of scientific organizations (some of which he tract served earlier as presiclent) , including the American Associa tion of Pathologists and Bacteriologists, the American Society for Experimental Pathology, and, as noted previously, a history of the Department of Pathology at the University of Pennsylvania.
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From page 298... ...
It is unfortunate that Esmond Long's life ultimately was saddened by the passing in 1974 of his beloved wife Marian, after a long illness with leukemia. Long joiner!
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From page 299... ...
Assoc., 16:332. 1921 I he purine bases of the tubercle bacillus.
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From page 300... ...
447 pp. 1924 Testicle reinfection in experimental tuberculosis and the testicle tuberculin reaction.
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From page 301... ...
Tuberculin. Chemical composition of the active principle and the nature of the tuberculin reaction.
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From page 302... ...
Experimental glomerulonephritis produced by intrarenal tuberculin reactions.
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From page 303... ...
Morley. Two avian tubercle bacillus dissociants and two human tubercle bacillus strains of different virulence.~.
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From page 304... ...
The incidence of tuber~ulous infection in college students. Determination by standardized tuberculin (purified protein derivative)
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From page 305... ...
The spread of tubercle bacilli by sputum, blood, and lymph in pulmonary tuberculosis.
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From page 306... ...
306 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS 1944 With C
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From page 307... ...
A controlled investigation of streptomycin treatment in pulmonary tuberculosis. Trans.
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From page 308... ...
The carbon metabolism of the tubercle bacillus. Studies with isotropic carbon.
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From page 309... ...
Tuberculosis Medical Research. National Tuberculosis Association, 1904-1955.
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From page 310... ...
History of the Leonard Wood Memorial (American Leprosy Foundation)
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