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The Earth's Electrical Environment (1986) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 126-127

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From page 126...
... The space-charge densities associated with the region of negative charge average about 1 C/km3 from estimates based on lightning currents and particle charges (Latham, 1981~. The second aspect of charging in the hail stage is the development of large electric fields.
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From page 127...
... In evaluating induction charging in the hail stage, we consider that the most efficient microscale interactions are collisions between wet hail and ice particles. The maximum charge according to Eq.
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Key Terms

  • induction charging
  • electric field
  • hail stage
  • charge separation
  • ice particles

  • precipitation particles
  • cloud base
  • contact angle
  • negative charge
  • electric fields

  • charge transfer
  • ice crystals
  • interface charging
  • ion capture
  • contact potential

  • wet hail
  • space charge
  • soft hail
  • cloud droplets
  • cloud electrification

  • drift charging
  • positive charge
  • freezing potentials
  • cloud top
  • selective ion

  • charge centers
  • schematic diagram
  • ion charging
  • breakup charging


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