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The Earth's Electrical Environment (1986) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 185-185

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From page 185...
... but are probably rarely competitive with cosmic rays as a global ionization source. ION CHEMISTRY IN THE MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE The principal primary positive ions produced in the middle atmosphere are N2+, O2+, and NO +, all of which IS5, participate in a wide range of ion-molecule reactions that lead to a rich spectrum of ambient ions.
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Key Terms

  • middle atmosphere
  • proton hydrates
  • ionization rate
  • negative ions
  • summer mesopause

  • positive ions
  • cosmic rays


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