The Earth's Electrical Environment (1986) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 207-209
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From page 207... ...
The fast ions within clouds become attached to more massive cloud particles and thereby decrease the electrical conductivity within the cloud relative to the surrounding clear air. As a result of this electrical conductivity change alone, clouds act as an electrical obstacle; space charge develops on the surface of the cloud, and the distribution of fair-weather conduction currents and fields flowing in the vicinity of the cloud are altered.
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From page 208... ...
considered a dipolar thunderstorm model and analytically solved for the current output and the mapping of thundercloud electric fields into the ionosphere. This model considered the anisotropy of the electrical conductivity above about 60 km and assumed that the Earth's geomagneticfield lines were vertical.
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From page 209... ...
Krider and Musser (1982) pointed out that the time variations in thunderstorm electric fields, both aloft and at the ground, can be interpreted as a total Maxwell current density that varies slowly in intervals between lightning discharges.
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