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4 Exchange Programs and Sponsors
Pages 62-101

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From page 62...
... Subsumed under this agreement was an earlier "Understanding on Educational Exchanges," signed in October 1978 to provide for the exchange of undergraduate students, graduate students, and visiting scholars to undertake research and study in each country. Since the late 1970s, the Sino-American educational relationship has achieved high-level attention from many quarters in both societies, most recently during Premier Zhao Ziyang's January 1984 visit to America, President Ronald Reagan's spring 1984 journey to China, and Chinese President Li Xiannian's summer 1985 trip to the United States.
From page 63...
... 4 focused principally on providing single-year grants for individual research in China, with emphasis on Chinese studies and the natural sciences. Over time, new exchange programs of both the CSCPRC and other public and private agencies have diversified exchange opportunities by broadening the fields of exchange, providing multiyear grants, promoting collaborative research, assisting China in disciplinary and institutional development, and offering opportunities to teach in China.
From page 64...
... As of 1985, some of the most vigorous bilateral agreements included the Protocol on Cooperation in the Field of Atmospheric Science and Technology (signed by National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration tNOAA] in 1979~; the Protocol on the Field of Marine and Fishery Science and Technology (NOAA, 1979~; the Protocol for Scientific and Technical Cooperation in the Earth Sciences (U.S.
From page 65...
... In May 1985 the State University of New York at Buffalo began operating a master's of business administration program at the Dalian Center, with the two governments agreeing to provide a total of $2 million for this new program during its first five years. "The Chinese students will spend their last semester at the Buffalo campus
From page 66...
... The Fulbright Program Following the 1947 launching of the Fulbright Program, China became the first country with a Fulbright Agreement.~° The current National Fulbright Program is authorized by Public Law 87-256 of 1961. Grants are awarded to citizens of the United States and other countries for educational activities that include university lectureships, advanced research, graduate study, and teaching in elementary and secondary schools.
From page 67...
... in Washington, D.C., is under contract with the USIA to organize publicity, to receive and process applications, and to make recommendations to the Board of Foreign Scholarships for sending Americans to Chinese universities as Fulbright lecturers in fields that include the following: American literature, American history, business management, economics, law, political science, and sociology. CIES also brings some Chinese researchers and teachers to American universities.
From page 68...
... Eight of those students also were selected by the CSCPRC and are included in the total number of CSCPRC graduate program grantees. From FY 1980-1981 through FY 1983-1984, 13 individuals were selected by the USED Faculty Research Abroad Program to conduct research in China.
From page 69...
... from the CSCPRC and the NSF indicated that the multiyear character of research projects under the NSF program permits scientists to tackle more complex projects in a sustained and comprehensive manner than is possible under the single-year grants from the CSCPRC. Another notable feature of the NSF-funded joint research projects is that between December 1980 and November 1984, 16 of the projects directly involved Chinese university researchers.~7 This is consistent with Beijing's desire to improve the research capabilities of Chinese universities.
From page 70...
... The National Program consists of two components: a graduate program and a research program, both of which support long-term research and study in China. From January 1, 1979, to July 1, 1985, about one-third of the total number of National Program grantees were in the graduate program, and approximately two-thirds in the research program (see Table 4-1~.
From page 71...
... About onehalf of National Program grantees have been from publicly supported schools. Like the Americans who went to China under the pre-1950 Fulbright Program, scholars under the National Program have been concentrated in China's capital.
From page 72...
... The CSCPRC also has run the reciprocal "Distinguished Scholar Exchange Program" (DSEP) since 1979.2° Like the National Program,
From page 73...
... There is a higher proportion in the social sciences and humanities among Chinese coming to the United States under DSEP than there is among the total number of students and scholars the Chinese government chooses to send abroad. TABLE 4-3 Percentage Distribution of American and Chinese DSEP Granted by Field Designation, 1979-1980 Through 1984-1985 Chinese American Specific Field Designation Granteesa Grantcesa Agriculture 1 2 Business management 1 Computer science 2 1 Education 1 0 Engineering 12 11 Health sciences 4 1 Humanities 11 10 Law 0 1 Library/archival sciences 0 Life sciences 8 9 Mathematics 3 4 Physical sciences 20 17 Social sciences 27 26 Other 10 14 Total 100 100 NOTES: Program years begin on July 1.
From page 74...
... The office is supported through specific grants to NAS from the Henry Luce Foundation, the Andrew W Mellon Foundation, and the Ford Foundation.
From page 75...
... First, a flexible travel grants program would be a valuable aid in facilitating the participation of American scholars in Chinese conferences, especially in the sciences. Second, American natural scientists lack adequate support to conduct their own individual research in China.
From page 76...
... Two panels advise the Chinese MOE on the overall implementation of the project. One is the Chinese Review Commission chaired by Zhang Guangdou, eminent hydraulic engineer, vice-president of Qinghua University, and member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
From page 77...
... First, some of the organizations most involved in China today (e. g., the Rockefeller Foundation23 and the China Medical Board)
From page 78...
... The following discussion is not a comprehensive account of all American foundation educational activity in the PRC or of its total support for Chinese studies in the United States. It is an overview intended to convey the breadth and magnitude of foundation involvement with China.
From page 79...
... Finally, one of the major undertakings of the foundation has been its Books for Asia Program, which distributes books and professional journals to libraries in China.26 The Ford Foundation not only has been a major force in the development of Chinese studies in the United States but also has consciously sought to contribute to the development of fields in China that are central to that country's economic success and "open" policy. Consistent with both Chinese and American priorities, activities funded by the foundation have centered on the fields of law, economics, and international relations.
From page 80...
... USCLEEC's programs include the exchange of legal scholars (including Chinese students doing advanced legal education degree work in the United States) , U.S.-Chinese law conferences, and library development, as well as the acquisition of Chinese legal materials for American libraries.28 The Ford Foundation has also helped fund major conferences on international issues; supported visits to the United States, Asia, Africa, and Latin America by scholars from CASS and other Chinese institutions; and financed visits to China by American specialists on Latin America and Africa.
From page 81...
... Beijing with the following Chinese institutions: the Shanghai Institute of International Studies, the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, Fudan University, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the Institute of International Relations (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) , the Beijing Institute of International Strategic Studies (Ministry of National Defense)
From page 82...
... Finally, Trustees of Lingnan University has awarded grants to the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) to help pay for study there in sociology, business management, comparative literature and language, and related fields by persons from various PRC universities and colleges.
From page 83...
... During this period, the foundation spent more than $4 million for these programs. One primary exchange activity of the Luce Foundation the Luce Fund for Chinese Scholars was established in 1981 with $1 million, and an additional $1 million was allocated in late 1983 to assure the continuation of the fund through academic year 1986-1987.
From page 84...
... The Ford Foundation's involvement with China began in the early 1950s with efforts to develop Chinese studies in American universities. Since 1952 the foundation has invested some $40 million in support of major university centers of Chinese studies; the collection, storage, and distribution of Chinese language library materials; and the joint committees (now combined)
From page 85...
... The Wang Institute will sponsor two conferences in 1986, one concerning ancient China and the other focusing on linguistics.39 One of America's most pressing needs in Chinese studies and its relations with the PRC is the enhancement of the Chinese language capabilities in the United States.
From page 86...
... In his Foreword to China Medical Board and Peking Union Medical College by Mary E Ferguson, Raymond B
From page 87...
... ...."46 The China Medical Board quickly reached an agreement with the London Missionary Society to purchase the Union Medical College in Peking in July 1915. During the next three decades and more, PUMC was built into one of Asia's premier medical and training centers.
From page 88...
... Initial funds for the center came from the Ford Foundation, the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF) , and the Henry Luce Foundation; Columbia University contributes office space and some direct costs.
From page 89...
... The Rockefeller Brothers Fund, in addition to its general support of the Center for United States-China Arts Exchange since 1978, has approved $475,000 to support the United States-China Arts Education Project, an innovative joint undertaking of the center and Harvard University's "Project Zero."55 Over three years, the Arts Education Project will conduct a comparative study of arts education in the United States and the PRC. The study will include the exchange of arts educators.
From page 90...
... The efforts of philanthropic organizations like the Ford, Mellon, and Luce foundations have greatly influenced the development of the entire Chinese studies field in the United States. In China, the past and present programs of the Rockefeller Foundation, the China Medical Board, and the Ford Foundation have had and will continue to have considerable impact.
From page 91...
... The American Coordinating Committee then matches them with prominent professors in American universities on the basis of their current research interests and abilities. After their arrival in the United States, the visitors participate as a group in regular "Chinese scholar meetings" to share experiences and plan for the future.
From page 92...
... ASM has also cosponsored three conferences that included Chinese scholars; one of these, the U.S.-China Bilateral Metallurgical Conference, was held in Beijing in November 1981.58 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
From page 93...
... In the case of the American Physical Society, they have also included a program to bring Chinese scholars to the United States for long-term study. Much of the activity by professional associations actually involves interested members.
From page 94...
... National Committee funders are USIA, USED, the Luce Foundation, RBF, the Ford Foundation, the Kettering Foundation, and NEH, as well as other foundations, corporate sponsors, and private contributors. With its 1972 hosting of China's Ping-Pong team in the United States, the National Committee, which had played a modest domestic role in public education about China, became an organization central to exchanges with the PRC.
From page 95...
... The program brings together Chinese scholars and professionals studying in American universities or research institutes for a 12- to 14-day series of lectures and seminars on American history and government and social and economic systems. Meetings with leaders in all branches of U.S.
From page 96...
... Total expenditures during that period were close to $500,000.67 During the 1980-1984 period, about 5,000 Chinese students and scholars have received English language instruction and exposure to American culture from the Yale-China teaching programs. Fourteen Chinese physicians have carried out research or clinical observation at Yale, and 14 Yale physicians have taught and conducted research in China under the association's Medical Exchange Program.68 The association is financed by private contributions, revenues from Claims Settlement with China, corporate and foundation grants, NEH Challenge Grant monies, and income from the association's endowed funds.69 In addition to the exchange organizations mentioned above, there are many other programs of importance, including Stanford University's U.S.-China Relations Program, Volunteers in Asia, the Oberlin-Shanxi Project, the United States-China People's Friendship Association, and the Council on International Educational Exchange.
From page 97...
... The United States needs to maintain, and indeed strengthen, the Chinese studies infrastructure of libraries, Title VI language and center grants, and opportunities for language study and research in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and the PRC (see Chapter 6~.
From page 98...
... . In addition, telephone interviews were conducted with all federal agencies having bilateral agreements with the PRC, and questionnaires were sent to 64 Asian studies programs at American universities.
From page 99...
... 23. Mary Brown Bullock, An American Transplant: The Rockefeller Foundation Peking Union Medical College (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980~.
From page 100...
... Mary E Ferguson, China Medical Board and Peking Union Medical College: A Chronicle of Fruitful Collaboration, 1914-1951 (New York: China Medical Board of New York, 1970)
From page 101...
... 62. Jan Berris, "International Relations Programs of the National Committee on United States-China Relations," China Exchange News, Vol.


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