Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Selected Airborne Contaminants Volume 1 (1994) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summa7y: Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Space Station Contaminants The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is preparing to launch a manned space station Space Station Freedom by the mid-1990's.
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A subsystem of the ECESS, the atmosphere revitalization system, which includes a mass spectrometer called the major constituent analyzer, will analyze cabin air for 02, N2, H2, CO, H2O, and CH4 in all areas of the habitation and laboratory modules. A design criterion for the atmosphere revitalization subsystem is the maintenance of space-station exposure levels below the iS0-day SMACs under normal conditions.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11 cell mass, altered nutritional requirements, behavioral changes from stress, fluid shift in the body, altered hormonal status, and altered drug metabolism. These changes could be important factors in disease susceptibility.
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The limitations of epidemiology stem from its use of available data. The accuracy of data on health outcomes varies with the source of the information, and records documenting historical exposure levels are often sparse.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 13 mortality information derived from death certificates is sometimes inaccurate, and exposure information collected from administrative purposes is limited. Despite these limitations, if the populations studied are large enough and have been exposed to high enough doses over a sufficient period to allow for the expression of disease, epidemiological studies usually provide valuable information on the effects of exposure in humans without resorting to cross-species extrapolation or to exposing humans in an experimental situation to possible injuries from chemical hazards.
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14 SMACS FOR SELECTED AIRBORNE COUNTS degree of exposure to a pollutant and may provide evidence of the initial structural, functional, or biochemical changes induced by the exposure and, ultimately, the biochemical or physiological changes associated with adverse health effects. Biological markers can be divided into three classes: I
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determining 30- or iS0day SMACs for carcinogens based on toxicological or epidemiological studies that often involve long-term or lifetime exposure; (3) considering limits set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, and the National Research Council in developing SMACs; (4)
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Appendix B Reports on Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations (SMACs) for Selected Airborne Contaminants
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