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Appendix A: Display System Features, Human Performance Considerations, and Research Issues
Pages 66-74

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From page 66... ... Benefits � Always available � Does not have to be held in the hand or manipulated � Can easily be aligned on target or terrain feature � Wide field of view � Can be used to guide movement � Added information improves situation awareness of medium to long-range environment Costs Added weight on head � Off center CG � More complex and fragile than hand-held display � Precision/alignment requirements more severe � Wide field of view results in inadequate resolution � Display information content may overload or distract user, reducing situation awareness � Severe visual rivalry problems, such as target suppression (involuntary) and Cognitive switching" CG is off sideways as well as forward � Smallest FOV; least information capability; more and larger head movements required � No depth information � Difficulty to navigate on uneven terrain � Heavier than monocular � Poor resolution Incorrect depth information Isolates user from environment � Heaviest optics � Alignment and adjustments more complex and critical � Display collimation interferes with eye's accommodative response to the real world Display luminance interferes with eye's luminance adaptation to the real world � Display content may obscure objects in the real world (clutter) Read the entire page →
From page 67... ... Research and Testing Issues \| � Effects of weight and CG of a selected set of Helmet-Mounted Display optics configurations upon mobility, agility, fatigue � Effects of improved helmet liners on display stability and comfort � Tradeoff analysis of adjustable vs preset or automatic controls in electronics, optics � Field-of-View, resolution, contrast requirements for object detection and recognition, mobility � Effects of display information on local situation awareness � Effects of binocular rivalry on object detection and recognition, mobility, fatigue, disorientation � Optimum information content for a small display � Effects of anomalous stereo, parallax information on object detection and recognition, motion judgment, mobility � Effects of larger FOV on optimizing information context � Effects of stereo vision on object detection and recognition, mobility � Assessment of precision and registration requirements � Determination of how display characteristics may interfere with perception of the real world (i.e., l collimation, luminance, display content) � Analysis of display context and positioning to enhance perception of the real world through the display � Assess registration requirements 67 Read the entire page →
From page 68... ... � Users must be trained to use symbology � Luminance, depth, and apparent size of symbology must be integrated with the sensor image and world � A tendency to load the user with more information than needed avoided � Unstable symbology can induce motion illusions, disorientation, loss of balance � Movement with sensors not collocated with the eye can induce motion and position illusions resulting in errors, disorientation, motion sickness � Differences in scale, optical axis, resolution of multiple sources can induce error and . confusion � Must be unstowed to use � Fatiguing to use for sustained periods Cabling could become unwieldy � Very limited functionality � Must be stowed, hooked into gear, computer � Sensors have resolution, contrast, color limitations whose effects on viewing must be trained � Added weight, complexity � User becomes dependent on systems that can fail � Nonvisual characteristic (e.g., thermal signature) Read the entire page →
From page 69... ... Research and Testing Issues Effects of display on local situation awareness � Effects of misregistration on mobility Adaptation effect � Value added, 0_ isolation, and in conjunction with other display content � Effects of misadjusted symbology luminance, depth, location in perception of the real world � Optimization of information content for specific tasks � ~rammg requirements � Effects of unstable symbology on orientation, mobility Assess requirements for integrating scale, resolution, optical axis of multiple images � Assess disorientation effects of remote sensor display � Assess ergonomic requirements for storage, deployment, cabling � Conduct performance tradeoff analysis versus same display content on an HMD � Assess ergonomic requirements � Evaluate functionality for maps, schematics, computer I/O Assess available resolution and contrast in relation to specific task requirements � Evaluate enhanced information and mix-information potential of non-visual object recognition characteristics Assess training requirements 69 Read the entire page →
From page 70... ... loss or misinterpretation of messages Auditory Displays Tone Displays � Light weight � Always available � Does not interfere with vision or visual processing � Can be very time efficient � Does not hinder movement or manipulation of tools � Good for warning, cues � Complex information can be sent � Meaning is intrinsic � Message content is flexible � Meaning of signals must be trained � Limited set of tones can be recognized � Low information content � Can be time Intensive Vulnerable to masking, loss of data Can distract user from an ongoing task � Added weight � Added complexity � Added training � Can distract user from correct task priority (e.g., attempts to communicate rather Man fire) � Limited functionality can result in proliferation of controls to serve required needs (e.g., buttons on helicopter controls) Read the entire page →
From page 71... ... . specific tas ~ requirements � Define and test optimum control sets in the context � Assess training requirements Assess ergonomic considerations � Determine feedback requirements 71 specific task requirements Read the entire page →
From page 72... ... am. ~ ~ =~ ~ New I_ e Su1~1e far dime co_ds Poor far analog control e Cu~1 apology is mar pane e aureole ~ ~im~1 noise e ~ Quip user to ~- at -d~ b~ l 72 Read the entire page →
From page 73... ... R. esearc 1 ant Testing Issues � Define appropriate functions in terms of discrete versus analog control functions and test performance � Assess effect of environmental noise Abbreviations: CG, center of gravity I/O, input-output FOV, field of view 73 Read the entire page →

From page 66...

... Benefits � Always available � Does not have to be held in the hand or manipulated � Can easily be aligned on target or terrain feature � Wide field of view � Can be used to guide movement � Added information improves situation awareness of medium to long-range environment Costs Added weight on head � Off center CG � More complex and fragile than hand-held display � Precision/alignment requirements more severe � Wide field of view results in inadequate resolution � Display information content may overload or distract user, reducing situation awareness � Severe visual rivalry problems, such as target suppression (involuntary) and Cognitive switching" CG is off sideways as well as forward � Smallest FOV; least information capability; more and larger head movements required � No depth information � Difficulty to navigate on uneven terrain � Heavier than monocular � Poor resolution Incorrect depth information Isolates user from environment � Heaviest optics � Alignment and adjustments more complex and critical � Display collimation interferes with eye's accommodative response to the real world Display luminance interferes with eye's luminance adaptation to the real world � Display content may obscure objects in the real world (clutter)

Read the entire page →

From page 67...

... Research and Testing Issues | � Effects of weight and CG of a selected set of Helmet-Mounted Display optics configurations upon mobility, agility, fatigue � Effects of improved helmet liners on display stability and comfort � Tradeoff analysis of adjustable vs preset or automatic controls in electronics, optics � Field-of-View, resolution, contrast requirements for object detection and recognition, mobility � Effects of display information on local situation awareness � Effects of binocular rivalry on object detection and recognition, mobility, fatigue, disorientation � Optimum information content for a small display � Effects of anomalous stereo, parallax information on object detection and recognition, motion judgment, mobility � Effects of larger FOV on optimizing information context � Effects of stereo vision on object detection and recognition, mobility � Assessment of precision and registration requirements � Determination of how display characteristics may interfere with perception of the real world (i.e., l collimation, luminance, display content) � Analysis of display context and positioning to enhance perception of the real world through the display � Assess registration requirements 67

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From page 68...

... � Users must be trained to use symbology � Luminance, depth, and apparent size of symbology must be integrated with the sensor image and world � A tendency to load the user with more information than needed avoided � Unstable symbology can induce motion illusions, disorientation, loss of balance � Movement with sensors not collocated with the eye can induce motion and position illusions resulting in errors, disorientation, motion sickness � Differences in scale, optical axis, resolution of multiple sources can induce error and . confusion � Must be unstowed to use � Fatiguing to use for sustained periods Cabling could become unwieldy � Very limited functionality � Must be stowed, hooked into gear, computer � Sensors have resolution, contrast, color limitations whose effects on viewing must be trained � Added weight, complexity � User becomes dependent on systems that can fail � Nonvisual characteristic (e.g., thermal signature)

Read the entire page →

From page 69...

... Research and Testing Issues Effects of display on local situation awareness � Effects of misregistration on mobility Adaptation effect � Value added, 0_ isolation, and in conjunction with other display content � Effects of misadjusted symbology luminance, depth, location in perception of the real world � Optimization of information content for specific tasks � ~rammg requirements � Effects of unstable symbology on orientation, mobility Assess requirements for integrating scale, resolution, optical axis of multiple images � Assess disorientation effects of remote sensor display � Assess ergonomic requirements for storage, deployment, cabling � Conduct performance tradeoff analysis versus same display content on an HMD � Assess ergonomic requirements � Evaluate functionality for maps, schematics, computer I/O Assess available resolution and contrast in relation to specific task requirements � Evaluate enhanced information and mix-information potential of non-visual object recognition characteristics Assess training requirements 69

Read the entire page →

From page 70...

... loss or misinterpretation of messages Auditory Displays Tone Displays � Light weight � Always available � Does not interfere with vision or visual processing � Can be very time efficient � Does not hinder movement or manipulation of tools � Good for warning, cues � Complex information can be sent � Meaning is intrinsic � Message content is flexible � Meaning of signals must be trained � Limited set of tones can be recognized � Low information content � Can be time Intensive Vulnerable to masking, loss of data Can distract user from an ongoing task � Added weight � Added complexity � Added training � Can distract user from correct task priority (e.g., attempts to communicate rather Man fire) � Limited functionality can result in proliferation of controls to serve required needs (e.g., buttons on helicopter controls)

Read the entire page →

From page 71...

... . specific tas ~ requirements � Define and test optimum control sets in the context � Assess training requirements Assess ergonomic considerations � Determine feedback requirements 71 specific task requirements

Read the entire page →

From page 72...

... am. ~ ~ =~ ~ New I_ e Su1~1e far dime co_ds Poor far analog control e Cu~1 apology is mar pane e aureole ~ ~im~1 noise e ~ Quip user to ~- at -d~ b~ l 72

Read the entire page →

From page 73...

... R. esearc 1 ant Testing Issues � Define appropriate functions in terms of discrete versus analog control functions and test performance � Assess effect of environmental noise Abbreviations: CG, center of gravity I/O, input-output FOV, field of view 73

Read the entire page →

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Appendix A: Display System Features, Human Performance Considerations, and Research Issues Pages 66-74

Appendix A: Display System Features, Human Performance Considerations, and Research Issues
Pages 66-74