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Sharing Laboratory Resources Genetically Altered Mice (1994) / Chapter Skim
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3. Genetically Altered Mice: A Revolutionary Research Resource
Pages 15-20

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From page 15...
... After this proof that one could insert foreign DNA into the mouse genome, Jon Gordon and Frank Ruddle were able, in 1980, to demonstrate how to microinject foreign genes directly into the nucleus of mouse eggs. Thus, any cloned gene sequence could, with careful technique, be integrated into a mouse's DNA.
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From page 16...
... Putative regulatory sequences from the gene of interest are attached to a reporter gene, which is microinjected into a mouse egg to create a transgenic animal, and tissue-specific expression examined. One can define promoter sequences, enhancer sequences, and locus-control elements, which together comprise the short-range and long-range sequences that drive spatial and temporal gene expression in mice.
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From page 17...
... TARGETED MUTATIONS: The Next Generation of Genetically Altered Mice As important as are the above examples of the use of transgenic mice, they illustrate only the beginning of the scientific potential of this new mouse resource. Now, rather than being limited to experiments that rely on the insertion of dominant genes into eggs, scientists can genetically manipulate cells, generate mutations in any host gene at will, and then return the altered cells to the germ line.
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From page 18...
... .. ~ ~ ~ Beer ~ generate defined immune ~ ~fic~enci~es-.~:~ ~:~re~const~=e~ne~::n~ne:~ system.
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From page 19...
... The new mutant resources generated by transgenic insertions and targeted mutations are complemented by work in previously existing strains of mice that arose by spontaneous mutation, increasing numbers of which are now understood at the molecular level. For example, a mouse called Splotch, is caused by a defect in a developmental gene called Pax-3.
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Key Terms

  • foreign dna
  • germ line
  • genetically altered
  • promoter sequences
  • host dna

  • human disease
  • mutant mice
  • mouse egg
  • human genetic
  • mouse models

  • research resource
  • host gene
  • gene function
  • activated oncogenes
  • resulting mouse

  • targeted mutagenesis
  • dominant mutations
  • mouse cells
  • mutant strains
  • envisage using

  • putative regulatory
  • generate mutations
  • altered cells
  • generate models
  • exogenous dna

  • contribute cells
  • mutant collagen
  • genetically manipulate
  • specific times
  • frank ruddle


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