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Emergent Techniques for Assessment of Visual Performance (1985) / Chapter Skim
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APPENDIX D: THE USE OF TESTS FOR SCREENING AND SELECTION
Pages 49-52

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From page 49...
... Take, for example, a measured threshold value of −2.00 log contrast having a standard error of 0.05. Using the Gaussian probability distribution, one can estimate that the "true" threshold value lies within the range of values −2.05 to −1.95, with a statistical probability of 0.68 (i.e., the 68 percent confidence interval is −2.05 to −1.95)
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From page 50...
... To measure its predictive validity, one first takes a randomly selected sample of people from the target population (Air Force pilots in this example) , then administers both the vision test and the actual target detection test to all the subjects, then calculates the predictive validity of the vision test by calculating the ability of the vision test to predict each person's score on the target detection task.
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From page 51...
... The people in the upper left quadrant are those who are rejected on the basis of their low score on the vision test but who nevertheless have acceptable target detection ability: they are called misses. The other mistakes are in the lower right quadrant; those who, because of their high vision score, are accepted but have poor target detection performance: they are called false acceptances.
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From page 52...
... will decrease the number of false acceptances and increase the correction rejections, but at the cost of increasing the misses and decreasing the hits. In a similar manner, lowering the criterion level defining acceptable target performance will increase the number of hits and decrease the false acceptances but at the cost of reduced correct rejections and increased miss rate.
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Key Terms

  • vision test
  • target detection
  • false acceptances
  • correct rejections
  • acceptable target

  • vision score
  • cutoff score
  • confidence interval
  • criterion task
  • actual target

  • percent confidence
  • personnel selection
  • left quadrant
  • detection performance
  • statistical accuracy

  • correct decisions
  • criterion test
  • detection test
  • target population
  • target performance

  • simple vision
  • poor target
  • called false
  • unacceptable target
  • called correct

  • lower left
  • lower accuracy
  • select pilots
  • setting cutoff
  • average size


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