Skip to main content

Currently Skimming:

Appendix D-4: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Hepatitis A Virus
Pages 197-207

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.


From page 197...
... While in the poorest areas the disease remains uniformly endemic and rarely causes epidemics (due to low numbers of susceptible persons) , in areas of moderate or better socioeconomic conditions the infection may cause cyclical communitywide or nationwide epidemics, with interepidemic intervals of 7 or more years.
From page 198...
... Socioeconomic status and general hygienic standards are the major risk factors for acquiring disease in most areas of the world. Specific risk factors for hepatitis A infection in developed areas include involvement in day care, homosexuality, personal contact with infected individuals, and foreign travel to endemic areas.
From page 199...
... As infection is delayed, an increasing proportion of cases are symptomatic; paradoxically, the clinical disease burden may increase as socioeconomic standards rise. Actual data on disease incidence are limited; the most comprehensive source is the World Health Organization Annual Statistical Reports.
From page 201...
... There is little data from the developing world on which to base the distribution of cases among the age groups used in this disease comparison. For the purposes of this effort, the age distribution is assumed to be similar to that estimated for the United States and is shown in Table D-4.4 (Institute of Medicine, 1985~.
From page 202...
... (percent) Under 5 4.4 2.0 0 5-14 20.0 10.0 8.0 15-59 71.0 77.0 36.0 60 and over 4.7 13.0 56.0 All ages 100 100 100 l NOTE: Age distributions are based on reporting in the United States and are assumed to have a distribution the same as that for all reported cases.
From page 203...
... ul 64 p4 lo so ·rl pa ¢ to ·rl ·~ - ~ 203 o 0~ a, At m al Us 2 0 to so p4 as UP 0 ·,' a 0 P4 ~ {Q ~ 0 O l Z no sol 0 PA U
From page 204...
... In addition, small doses of pooled human immune globulin are highly effective in preventing or ameliorating HAV infection in contacts of cases and in persons regularly exposed to known endemic settings (McCollum, 1982~. Studies in marmoset and chimpanzee models with both killed and live attenuated virus vaccines have been quite successful.
From page 205...
... Because until recently the yield of virus from cell cultures was relatively low and involved lengthy culture periods, most vaccine development efforts have focused on live attenuated vaccines or, more recently, on molecular cloning approaches. However, a formalin inactivated hepatitis A vaccine has been prepared by investigators at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research.
From page 206...
... Clinical testing of an attenuated live virus vaccine prepared by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases has been projected for 1986 (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 1985~. REFERENCES Emini, E.A.
From page 207...
... 1981. World Health Organization AnnualStatistical Reports, Vol.


This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.