New Vaccine Development Establishing Priorities: Volume II, Diseases of Importance in Developing Countries (1986) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix D-9: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Parainfluenza Viruses
Appendix D-9: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Parainfluenza Viruses
Pages 267-274
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From page 267... ...
PIV-4 appears to cause only mild upper respiratory infections and has never been associated with severe disease in young children. The parainfluenza viruses reinfect frequently during childhood, but the diseases associated with reinfections are generally milder than those caused by initial infections.
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From page 268... ...
Also, it is unclear to what extent PIV infections play a role in the life-threatening respiratory diseases often seen in children in developing countries. Disease Burden Estimates Examining mortality statistics provides some perspective on the burden of parainfluenza virus infection in children in developing countries, especially those under age 5.
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From page 269... ...
It should be emphasized that these estimates are uncertain because of the lack of data on parainfluenza in developing countries. Acute lower respiratory tract illness from parainfluenza virus infection may eventually contribute to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Glezen, 1984~.
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From page 271... ...
Given these considerations, an estimated 80 percent of the total disease burden arising from parainfluenza virus illnesses in the developing world theoretically would be vaccine preventable. SUITABILITY FOR VACCINE CONTROL Diseases caused by parainfluenza viruses types 1 and 2 occur predominantly after 6 months of age in the United States, so an opportunity exists to deliver the vaccine prior to the peak of illness, assuming the distribution is the same in developing countries.
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From page 272... ...
Subunit vaccines administered parenterally or by the respiratory route might circumvent these problems to some extent, and this may prove to be a promising direction in PIV vaccine research. Vaccine development will depend on research in several areas.
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From page 273... ...
Cold adapted PIV 3 mutants have been developed by investigators at Marshall College of Medicine, and tests in humans are planned. In addition, approaches using purified viral fusion proteins are being investigated (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 1985~.
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From page 274... ...
Activation of cell fusion, hemolysis and infectivity by proteolytic cleavage of an inactive precursor protein of Sendai Virus. Virology 57:475-490 Scheid, A., A.L.
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