New Vaccine Development Establishing Priorities: Volume II, Diseases of Importance in Developing Countries (1986) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix D-12: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Appendix D-12: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Pages 299-307
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From page 299... ...
In developed countries, the agent reinfects frequently during childhood, but illness produced by reinfection is generally milder than that associated with the initial infection and rarely causes major problems. A similar pattern probably occurs in developing countries; therefore, a suitable vaccine should be able to reduce the severity of the initial infection.
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The genes coding for the major glycoprotein and fusion protein have apparently now been cloned (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 1985~. HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE RSV infection and disease occur in the very young in the presence of maternal IgG, but there is some evidence that infants with high levels of serum antibody are less often infected or severely ill than infants with low levels (Glezen et al., 1981; Parrot et al., 1973~.
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It should be emphasized that these are uncertain estimates because of the lack of data on RSV in developing countries. The association between acute lower respiratory tract illness from respiratory syncytial virus infection and the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remains speculative (Glezen, 1984~.
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PROSPECTS FOR VACCINE DEVELOPMENT History Early investigators attempted to prevent RSV infection by inoculating susceptible children with a formalin-inactivated, * Vaccine preventable illness is defined as that portion of the disease burden that could be prevented by immunization of the entire target population (at the anticipated age of administration)
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Other expected difficulties involve growing this virus in large quantities and also purifying it or its proteins. Current Vaccine Development Recent vaccine development has focused primarily on three approaches: live vaccines administered parenterally, live attenuated vaccines administered in the respiratory tract, and investigations of the RSV genome with a view to producing virus antigens by recombinant DNA techniques.
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Needs for Further Vaccine Development Successful development of new RSV vaccines will depend on investigations in several areas. Researchers must learn more about natural immunity to RSV infection in infants and adults, and about the possible role of antigenic variants in recurrent RSV infections.
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I A field trial of two inactivated respiratory virus vaccines: An aqueous trivalent parainfluenza virus vaccine and an alum-precipitated respiratory syncytial virus infection.
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1983. Ribavirin aerosol treatment of bronchiolitis associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants.
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