New Vaccine Development Establishing Priorities: Volume II, Diseases of Importance in Developing Countries (1986) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix D-14: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Salmonella typhi
Appendix D-14: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Salmonella typhi
Pages 319-328
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From page 319... ...
These parenteral, whole-cell vaccines caused significant adverse reactions, including fever, malaise, and severe local pain and swelling. Because of the frequency of such reactions to parenteral typhoid vaccines, these vaccines have not been considered useful public health tools.
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D ISTRIBUTION OF DISEASE Geographic Distribution Typhoid fever has worldwide distribution, but is especially prevalent in less-developed countries. Areas with environmental conditions conducive to the spread of the disease or with populations with a high prevalence of biliary tract disease and chronic carriage of S
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Figures from Table D-14.1 were used as a basis for the disease burden estimates in Table D-14.3. PROBABLE VACCINE TARGET POPULATION The incidence of clinically recognized typhoid fever appears to be highest in school-age children and young adults in endemic areas (Punjab)
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324 q, to a, PA lo ca CO a, l UP sit 0 al 1 UP ta ~4 Co a, o ·e S~ a' CO a' CO ·~ .
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It recently has been demonstrated that the death of some severely ill patients can be prevented by the use of high-dose corticosteroids in combination with antibiotics. In addition, management of hospitalized patients requires attention to nutrition, fluid and electrolyte balance, and prompt treatment of complications, such as intestinal perforation or bleeding.
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From page 326... ...
One relatively new approach for a typhoid vaccine has involved the use of purified Vi antigen as a parenteral vaccine. In initial safety testing, it appeared that this vaccine did not elicit severe adverse reactions and that it stimulated high titers of circulating IgG Vi antibody (Levin et al., 1975; Wong et al., 1974~.
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The oral attenuated vaccine protected significantly better than the parenteral killed vaccine. These results are sufficiently promising to evoke interest in analogous aromatic-dependent S
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From page 328... ...
1974. Vi antigen from Salmonella typhosa and immunity to typhoid fever.
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