New Vaccine Development Establishing Priorities: Volume II, Diseases of Importance in Developing Countries (1986) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Appendix D-18: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Vibrio cholerae
Appendix D-18: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Vibrio cholerae
Pages 376-389
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 376... ...
The causative bacteria is Vibrio cholerae, serogroup O1; only two biotypes, E1 Tor and classical composed of immunologically related serotypes, Inaba and Ogawa, cause epidemic cholera. The bacteria colonize the surface of the intestinal epithelium, but do not invade tissue.
|
From page 377... ...
cholerae that would colonize the gut and stimulate immunity, but not cause cholera. PATHOGEN DESCRIPTION The causative agent of epidemic cholera is Vibrio cholerae, serogroup O1.
|
From page 378... ...
This inability to identify a vaccine target population prevents calculation of potential health benefits that could be obtained from a vaccine. However, any vaccine developed to prevent endemic cholera could play a major role in curtailing epidemic cholera.
|
From page 379... ...
379 o~ o ^ o _ s~ a, :> a ~Q oq ~ s Q £ ~ a, Z ~ ~q o eq ~ V Q ~ ~ .^ Z ~ ~Q a)
|
From page 382... ...
However, achieving these goals is unlikely in the next few decades in areas where cholera occurs most commonly. Oral rehydration or intravenous electrolyte replacement therapy prevents mortality from cholera, if it is used.
|
From page 383... ...
Live Attenuated Vaccines The most promising approach to cholera vaccines in terms of cost and efficacy are live attenuated vaccines. Attenuated bacterial strains for oral administration have been derived by chemical mutagenesis and by recombinant DNA techniques.
|
From page 384... ...
have shown that while repeated oral administration of massive doses of killed V cholerae offers some protection against challenge, it is less effective than the vaccine administered parenterally (which has been discarded because of its lack of efficacy)
|
From page 385... ...
These are the use of carrier bacteria containing cloned V cholerae genes, the development of new nonviable preparations administered parenterally, the use of synthetic antigens, and the possible use of passively administered antibody, per as, to susceptible populations.
|
From page 386... ...
This approach may prove useful for other vaccines in addition to cholera and clearly merits further study. Nonviable Preparations The limited efficacy of the previously evaluated parenterally administered products led many researchers to believe that no parenteral vaccine would merit further consideration.
|
From page 387... ...
Passive Protection Bovine colostrum and milk contain significant amounts of an immunoglobulin G class 1 antibody that retains immunologic reactivity after exposure to intestinal enzymes (McClead and Gregory, 19841. Conceivably, specific bovine colostral antibodies could be a source of passive immune protection for human infants and adults at risk for cholera and other diarrhea!
|
From page 388... ...
1984. Evaluation in humans of attenuated Vibrio cholerae E1 Jor Ogawa strain Texas Star-Sit as a live oral vaccine.
|
From page 389... ...
Cash. Efficacy of a live oral cholera vaccine in human volunteers.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.